Comparative Study of IOT Based Smart Garbage System

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1 e-issn Volume 3 Issue 6, June 2017 pp. 1 6 Scientific Journal Impact Factor : Comparative Study of IOT Based Smart Garbage System Ms. Shraddha Kadam 1, Ms. Pratiksha Yewale 2, Asst. Prof. Mrs.Varsha Sharma 3 1,2,3 Bharati Vidyapeeth s Institute of Management and Information Technology, Navi Mumbai Abstract IOT (Internet of Things) is the network of physical objects-devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. In our city many times we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overflowing. It creates unhygienic conditions for people. This will degrade the standard of living. To overcome these situations an efficient IOT based smart garbage management methods has developed. This paper compares the implementation of IOT based Smart garbage system of Raipur and Delhi. Keywords IOT, IR Sensor, ARM CORTEX M4, Raspberry pi, Internet, GUI, GSM module, LDR. Lpc2138. I. INTRODUCTION Due to rapid population growth, disorganization of city governments, a lack of public awareness and limited funding for programs, garbage management is becoming a global problem. Due to the lack of care and attention by the authorities the garbage bins are mostly seem to be overflowing. It can be reduced by using this smart garbage management system. Our present Prime Minister of India, Sri Narendra Modiji has introduced the concept of implementing 100 smart cities in India. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was initiated to ensure a clean environment. Communication over the internet has grown from user - user interaction to device device interactions these days. The IoT concepts were proposed years back but still it s in the initial stage of commercial deployment. IoT can be used to provide a platform for smart garbage management. Some of the commonly used methods are implemented using sensors and microcontrollers. The details of each bins are monitored by the authority with the help of GUI. Effective actions will be taken if the corresponding authority is not concerned regarding the cleaning of bins. The implementation of smart garbage management system using sensors, microcontrollers and GSM module assures the cleaning of dustbins soon when the garbage level reaches its maximum. If the dustbin is not cleaned in specific time, then the record is sent to the higher authority who can take appropriate action against the concerned contractor. This system also helps to monitor the fake reports and hence can reduce the corruption in the overall management system. This reduce the total number of trips of garbage collection vehicle and hence reduce the overall expenditure associated with the garbage collection. It ultimate helps to keep cleanness in the society. Smart collection bin works with the sensors will show us the various levels of garbage in the dustbins and also the weight sensor gets activated to send its output ahead when its threshold level is crossed. If dustbins are not cleaned in time, the details will be forwarded to higher authority. 1. ADVANTAGES It avoids soil contamination and air contamination. It helps to keep clean and safe All rights Reserved 1

2 Many times garbage dustbin is overflown and many animals like dog or goat enters inside or near the dustbin. This creates a bad scene. Also some birds are also trying to take out garbage from dustbin. This project can avoid such situations. Real time information on the fill level of the dustbin. Deployment of dustbin based on the actual needs. Cost Reduction and resource optimization. Improves Environment quality -Fewer smells -Cleaner cities Effective usage of dustbins. Intelligent management of the services in the city. 2. APPLICATIONS This project can also be used in the SMART CITY. This project is also helpful in the government project of SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN. II. LITERATURE REVIEW This is not an original idea, for the implementation of smart garbage bin,the idea has existed for many years, After the IoT field finding its grip in our lives. This is, however an original plan for designing a smart garbage bin with weight sensor, IR sensor and Wi-Fi module for transmission of data. In this paper, Zigbee and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) are the latest trends and are one of the best combination to be used in the project. But, the range of communication of the zigbee is almost 50 meters.so it is not convenient to use and it is not economical. [1] In this paper, a Camera will be placed at every garbage collection point along with load cell sensor at bottom of the garbage can. The camera will take continuous snapshots of the garbage can. A threshold level is set which compares the output of camera and load sensor.the comparison is done with help of microcontroller. After analysing the image we get an idea about level of garbage in the can and from the load cell sensor we get to know weight of garbage. Accordingly information is processed that is controller checks if the threshold level is exceeded or not. This project is convenient use but it is not economically good. [2] In this paper, efficiency of the street lighting system is increased by zigbee and sensors. Less energy consumption by the system is done by the zigbee and sensors. But the range of communication of the zigbee is almost 50 meters. So it is not convenient to use.[3] III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Smart Garbage System of Raipur In the Raipur, for the implementation Infrared sensor is used, ARM Cortex M4 controller is used to read data from dustbin sensor. 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM Block diagram shows the working of smart garbage All rights Reserved 2

3 Figure 1. Block diagram of working The Block diagram shows the different component used in the Smart Dust bin System is Power Supply, IR Sensor, ARM Cortex M4, Using Internet and Dashboard/Mail Notification. Sensor is connected in dustbin it is used to detect the level of dustbin where dustbin is full or empty. The sensor senses the content of the dustbin and sends the signals or the data to the ARM microcontroller then the microcontroller reads the data from the sensor and process the data received from sensor, and the same data will send to Dashboard section and this section send mail/message to respective Municipal / Government authority person or collection vehicle. A. Smart Garbage System of Delhi In garbage bin, load cell is placed at the bottom to sense the weight of the garbage. At one side of garbage bin; three IR sensors are placed at three different levels like level 1, level 2, level 3. 38MHz frequency generated by the 555 timer IC is given to the three IR sensors.at the other side of the garbage bin, three TSOP1738 IC is used at three different levels like level 1, level 2, and level 3.which are used to receive the signal of 38MHz frequency from the signal transmitted by three IR sensors used at another side of the garbage bin. Figure 2. Garbage and street ligh monitoring All rights Reserved 3

4 If anyone through the garbage in garbage bin up to level 2 then signal transmitted from IR sensors at level 2 is not received by the TSOP1738 IC placed at level 2 of the other side of the garbage bin. load cell measures the weight of garbage through in the garbage bin. This all data is sends to the server with the help of lpc2138 and GSM module which are placed at the pole of street light. Also, message of garbage whether it is full or not is send to the driver of garbage carrier. Then, He will get all information of the area where garbage bin is full. After that, he will comes, and collect it. And GARBAGE BIN IS EMPTY, this message is send to the server of corporation office. IV. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SMART GARBAGE SYSTEM Wastage Sensor Controller Power Supply SGS of Raipur Total waste generated is in the range of 15,140 to 16,635 metric tonnes(mt) in Raipur every month. Infrared Sensor(IR): In this System, For the garbage detection, IR sensor can be used. It gives the level of the garbage in the dustbin. IR sensor radiates light which is invisible to the human eye because it is at infrared wavelengths, but it can be detected by electronic devices. The IR sensor is act as level detector.the output of level detector is given to the microcontroller. ARM CORTEX M4 ARM microcontroller used to reads the data from the dustbin sensor and process the data received from dustbin sensor, and the same data send to the Central system. The Cortex-M4 processor is a low-power processor that features low gate count, low interrupt latency, and low-cost debug. The Cortex-M4F is a processor with the same capability as the Cortex-M4 processor, and includes floating point arithmetic functionality (Floating Point Unit). Achieve exceptional 32-bit performance with low dynamic power, design for high performance. The power supply of Automatic Sorter Machine for Smart Waste Management System is driven by 9 V (DC). It can be driven by 220 V (AC) like the other available automatic trash bins. SGS of Delhi Total waste generated 15,000 tonnes daily in Delhi City Infrared Sensor(IR) with TSOP1738 IC: In this System, For receiving signals send by the transmitter used TSOP1738. Connect 5V to Vs and Ground to GND pin of TSOP1738. The output will be At one side of garbage bin; three IR sensors are placed at three different levels like level 1, level 2, level 3. 38MHz frequency generated by the 555 timer IC is given to the three IR sensors. At the other side of the garbage bin, three TSOP1738 IC is used at three different levels like level 1, level 2, and level 3.which are used to receive the signal of 38MHz frequency from the signal transmitted by three IR sensors used at another side of the garbage bin.it consumes less power. LPC2131/32/34//38 Microcontroller It get information from sensor and process on it. It compares the received data with the threshold level set and accordingly output is generated. The LPC2131/32/34//38 microcontrollers are based on a 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combine the microcontroller with 32 kb, 64 kb, 128 kb, 256 kb and 512 kb of embedded high-speed flash memory.a128-bit wide memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at maximum clock rate. A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another. used 12v power supply.it is mainly used to provide DC voltage to the components on board. 3.3V for lpc2138 and 4.2v for Gsm module is apply from power supply. 5V is required for relay applied from power All rights Reserved 4

5 Web Traffic Raspberry Pi is as small as the size of a credit card; it works as if a normal computer at a relatively low price. It is possible to work as a low-cost server to handle light internal or web traffic. The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved in SGS system through several versions that feature variations in memory capacity, and peripheral device support. In this system their is not used Raspberry Pi to handle web traffic. Microcontroller has A128-bit wide memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at maximum clock rate. Load Cell Notification In this System, the threshold level of garbage bin senses the sensor and provides its information to controller so not used Load cell to do weight of the garbage dump. Mail Notification Placed below the Garbage Can to sense the weight of garbage dump on it. The LOAD cell will continuously give the weight readings in voltage format.a load cell is a transducer that is used to sense and convert a force into an electrical signal. When weight crosses threshold level, sends the data to GSM modem using serial port used strain gauge Load cell which is stiff, have very good resonance values. Message Notification The AT commands are used to facilitate the messaging service through the RF Module. This program is burned in the microcontroller with the help of software. These messages consist of information of garbage levels of respective dustbins. When the sensor signal reaches to the threshold value, a mail notification will be sent to the respective Municipal /Government authority person. GSM module used to send message to the garbage depot if the Garbage Can exceeds the set threshold level. With the help of GSM module interfaced, we can send short text messages to the required municipal office. GSM module is provided by sim uses the mobile service provider and send sms to the respective authorities as per programmed. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. Graphical interface user Authenticated person can see the density of the Dustbin through internet on a Dashboard, this is a GUI(Graphical User Interface) dashboard so any of the authenticate person will easy check the present condition of the dustbin. So then that person can send the collection vehicle to collect the full garbage bins or dustbins. In this System with the help of GSM module sends messages to the garbage depot not provided User interface to check and track the information about garbage bins. Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) Future Enhancement Benefit In this system not used Light dependent resistor. But this application solves all garbage collection issues. Many times garbage dustbin is overflow and many animals like dog or rat enters inside or near the dustbin. This creates a bad scene. This project can avoid such situations. And the message can be sent directly to the cleaning vehicle instead of the contractor s office. Raipur city had improved the quality of smart garbage system plans by 25 percent to finally find its place in the list of 13 cities chosen by central government for development as a smart city A Light Dependent Resistor is a device which has a resistance which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface, when light falls upon it then the resistance changes. often to create a light triggered switch. The need for manual operation of the street lights is completely eliminated and much energy is saved that would have been otherwise wasted if the user were to forget to power OFF the light at any point in time. This work was successfully designed, implemented and commissioned for use. Street light monitoring which avoids accidents during night. Planning to add GPS modem to this project. this will help to track the position in case there are more dustbins. In Delhi city their is an 85% peoples are taking benefits of smart garbage system and street light monitoring also increases its All rights Reserved 5

6 V. CONCLUSION The examination shows that in some perspectives the project of Raipur or in some perspectives SGS system of Delhi is essential. This is the implementation of Smart Garbage collection bin using IoT to achieve power supply high range from +5volts to +18 volts. Infrared Sensor(IR) with TSOP1738 IC timer used in three different levels to receive the signal of 38MHz frequency which is useful to consume less power and which vibrates. ARM microcontroller used to reads the data from the dustbin so the Cortex-M4 processor is a low-power processor, low interrupt latency, and low-cost debug and includes floating point arithmetic functionality (Floating Point Unit). Achieve exceptional 32-bit performance with low dynamic power, design for high performance. To handle light internal or web traffic Raspberry Pi is as small as the size of a credit card; it low price. It is possible to work as a low-cost server. The LOAD cell will continuously give the weight readings,sends the data to GSM modem using serial port used strain gauge Load cell which is stiff, have very good resonance values. For sure that all the communication made between networks are secured and protected from intruders and frauds. GSM module used to send message to the garbage depot if the Garbage Can exceeds the set threshold level. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. GSM provides roaming service, Which is economically beneficial to use. To avoid accidents during night use Street light monitoring system, manual operation of the street lights is completely eliminated and much energy is saved. REFERENCES [1] Kanchan Mahajan, Prof.J.S.Chitode, Waste Bin Monitoring System Using Integrated Technologies, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014 [2] Gaikwad Prajakta, Jadhav Kalyani, Machale Snehal, SMARTGARBAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM IN RESIDENTIAL AREAIJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering an Technology eissn: PISSN: [3] Richu Sam Alex, R Narciss Starbell, Energy Efficient Intelligent Street Lighting System Using ZIGBEE and Sensors, InternationaJournal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)ISSN: , Volume-3, Issue-4, April 2014 [4] Adil Bashir Concept, Design and Implementation of Automatic Waste Management System International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN Volume: 1 Issue: 7 [5] A.Ohri and P. K. Singh, Developement of decision support system for municipal solid waste management in India:A review international Journal of Environmental All rights Reserved 6