Curriculum Standards for Saskatchewan s Mandatory Entry-Level Training (MELT) Program. Curriculum Development Standards for Instructors

Transcription

1 Curriculum Standards for Saskatchewan s Mandatory Entry-Level Training (MELT) Program Curriculum Development Standards for Instructors February 2019

2 Introduction Saskatchewan Government Insurance (SGI), the sole licence issuing authority for the province of Saskatchewan, has set curriculum standards for entry-level commercial driver training needed for drivers to obtain a Class 1 driver s licence. SGI is committed to enhancing road safety for new truck drivers and other road users. Mandatory entry-level training will enhance the quality of truck driver training, create a foundation for safe and responsible driving, and enhance the capabilities and competencies of new commercial drivers entering the industry. Driver education and training are important for learning the skills required to safely operate a large commercial vehicle. Delivery of the training in a supervised environment helps entry-level professional truck drivers to develop the confidence and skills to operate commercial trucks on public roadways The goal of this curriculum standard is to serve as a framework that will enable instructors to provide high quality, consistent training informed by national standards and industry best practices. This standard has been in development since July It was created in consultation with licence issuers and regulatory authorities across Canada, including the western provinces and the province of Ontario which implemented mandatory commercial driver training in It was also informed by consultations with stakeholders including commercial drivers, industry associations and commercial carriers. Curriculum rationale This curriculum was developed with four specific goals and outcomes in mind: Enhance safe driving behavior. Adhere to social and ethical responsibilities as commercial operators. Reinforce accountability and sound decision making. Foster pride and professionalism in the trucking industry. 2

3 SGI believes that a learning model that gives students agency and autonomy is a highly effective approach. Instructors should take a learner-centered approach to teaching this basic, entry-level knowledge by: Encouraging the active participation of each learner. Supporting and facilitating self directed learning where applicable. Allowing for integration of personal experiences. Ensuring knowledge and skills are acquired at a pace appropriate to individual learners. Giving learners autonomy by providing them with the opportunity to reach their own conclusions and guiding them towards achieving the intended learning outcomes. Encouraging learners to learn from their mistakes in a safe and respectful learning environment. Emphasizing the importance of lifelong learning. Instructors should also reinforce how abiding by the rules of the road, adhering to common-sense safe driving behaviours and making informed decisions behind the wheel contribute to safe and responsible driving. The Curriculum Standards for Saskatchewan s Mandatory Entry-Level Training (MELT) program is based on the National Occupational Standard for Commercial Vehicle Operator (Truck Driver) also referred to as the NOS. For detailed information on the NOS standards visit: Mandatory entry-level training comes into effect on March 15, After this date, all drivers who want to obtain a commercial Class 1 licence must undergo training that delivers the competencies described in this document. To be eligible to take this training, drivers must: Be at least 18 years of age. Be a Saskatchewan resident Hold a non-graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) Class 5 Saskatchewan driver s licence Hold a Class 1 learner (a Class 1 endorsement). 3

4 Course structure This curriculum standard assumes that the student will begin with only automobile driving experience. The curriculum is intended to help prepare new commercial drivers for: road, trip inspection and air brake tests that they will need to complete successfully in order to obtain a Class 1 commercial licence. This curriculum is informed by current and industry standards and best practices but it is also informed by contemporary views of traffic safety, education and training methods, social and cultural changes in our communities and emerging technologies that impact the commercial driving industry. It incorporates a variety of learning environments, driving environments, road and traffic conditions as well as situations commercial drivers are likely to encounter. Course structures must address all competencies described in this curriculum standard. In addition to delivering training that aligns with the competencies in this curriculum, it is important to continually reinforce driving theory, skills practice and promotion of positive attitudes in all learning environments using a variety of instructional strategies and methods: Direct instruction, such as learning in classroom. Indirect instruction, such as watching others perform tasks. Interactive instruction, such as students leading and contributing to discussions. Experiential instruction, such as students doing practical hands-on tasks. Independent learning, such as reading about, researching or practicing skills on their own. Instructors must also measure knowledge uptake through testing, including oral, practical and written tests, to ensure that students have learned and retained critical concepts. The minimum pass grade will remain at the current benchmark of 80%. Course delivery will take place in three environments: in classroom, in yard, and behind-the-wheel (in-cab). Minimum required instruction in these environments is: 47 hours classroom instruction 17.5 hours of in-yard instruction 57 hours of behind-the-wheel / in-cab training (on-road 39 hours / off-road manoeuvres 18 hours) Total training hours In-class refers to the classroom environment. Learning in this environment is supported by instructional aids to facilitate large training sessions. This component of training must be conducted in a room approved by SGI. 4

5 In-yard refers to activities that occur around the vehicle when the vehicle is not in motion such as vehicle inspection. This is conducted outside the classroom. It is conducted in an approved area where the vehicle is parked. This component of training does not involve actual operation of the vehicle or any of the components. All activities performed must be supervised by a certified instructor. Behind-the-wheel and in-cab refer to the activities that occur when the student is behind-the-wheel either off-road or on-road. This includes driving in various conditions, backing-up, coupling and uncoupling. All activities performed must be supervised by a certified instructor. Instructional hours Daily instruction should not exceed eight hours. A combination of different training components may be incorporated within the eight hours. The eight hours include two 15 minute breaks and one minute lunch break. It should be recognized that lessons of increased duration may cause student fatigue and a decreased ability to learn. In-cab training should not exceed six hours in a day for each student and there must be a break every two hours. Classroom (hours) In-Yard (Around the Vehicle) (hours) In-Cab (On-Road) In-Cab (Off-Road Manoeuvres) (hours) TOTAL TRAINING HOURS Class Air brake (including practical training and assessment for a group of 3 students) Total

6 Student to instructor ratios In-class: a maximum of 15 students will be permitted. In yard: a maximum of four students will be permitted. As long as the instructor is demonstrating or giving direct instruction to a student while the other three observe, all four are credited with the time. However, with four students who are working alone or together, without the instructor present, the in yard time is not credited to the overall time. In cab: a maximum of two students will be permitted. The time is calculated when the student is actually behind-the-wheel operating the vehicle. It also includes the time an instructor is demonstrating a manoeuver. A student may observe another student who is behindthe-wheel, however observation time is not credited toward the mandatory in-cab hours. Facility requirements The facility where the training is to take place must meet all Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 1996 requirements, local municipal by laws and adhere to SGI s requirements. The facility must have a permanent physical training location. Classroom requirements Driver training schools must have an appropriate classroom in which to instruct the in-class sessions. Classroom requirements include: Easily accessible emergency exits. Electrical outlets conveniently located and available. Adequate lighting. Heating/cooling systems and proper ventilation. Large enough to comfortably accommodate the number of expected students. Sufficient seating for the class. A writing surface for each student. An air brake board. Audio visual equipment to deliver the presentation. o A projector and screen, or a TV/monitor appropriate for the classroom size. Yard requirements Driver training schools must provide a yard or lot for in-yard training. The yard can be owned, rented or leased and must: Accommodate the number of expected students/trucks. Accommodate all required backing manoeuvres safely. Recommended size 55 m by 73 m. Be located away from public roadways. 6

7 Training vehicle configuration Training must be completed using a tractor trailer with the following configuration: Fully-equipped tractor-trailer; if manual shift transmission, then a minimum of 13 speed is required. Tractor-trailer combination with registered gross vehicle weight of at least 22,000 kg. the tractor and trailer must each have a valid inspection certificate as mandated pursuant to The Vehicle Inspection Regulations, 2013 Full air brake system on both tractor and trailer. Minimum tandem axle tractor and a tandem axle trailer. Trailer that is both empty and 50% loaded (25% - 50% of the time) Fifth wheel coupling device. Single trailer with a minimum length of m (48 ft.) and a minimum distance of m (35 ft.) measured from the kingpin to the centre of each rear axle. Mechanically sound vehicle meeting all applicable safety standards required by law. Special rear-view mirrors firmly affixed to the vehicle to allow a driver instructor a clear and unobstructed view of the highway to the rear of the vehicle and along both sides of the vehicle. A sign at the rear of the vehicle that is clearly visible from a distance of 60 m and that contains the words DRIVER TRAINING or STUDENT DRIVER in letters not less than 20.5 cm in height. Competencies based on national standards The following competencies align with those identified by the NOS as the core knowledge, tasks and sub-tasks competencies that commercial drivers typically develop early in their careers. These competencies are organized into 11 modules. It is critically important to recognize that this curriculum addresses entry-level knowledge and skills. A professional commercial driver is expected to continue their education throughout their lifetime. Under the direction of an employer, through additional courses and learning opportunities, and through mentorship and other learning scenarios, commercial drivers are expected to continuously monitor and improve their own skills and abilities and achieve a high degree of knowledge in the competencies described in the NOS. 7

8 Modules 1. Employment in the commercial vehicle industry Understand that employers and workers must comply with government regulations. Understand that a driver s licence may require specific endorsements for certain types of commercial vehicles and operations. Understand working with dangerous goods. 2. Vehicle components and systems Understand the general components and basic functions of a typical tractor-trailer vehicle. 3. Basic driving techniques Understand preparation procedures prior to driving the vehicle. This includes: start-up and warm-up procedures, seat and mirror adjustments, and confirmation that all vehicle and cargo documents are valid, correct and onboard. Understand operational regulations that apply to Class 1 vehicles such as standard highway height and weight limits and restrictions, how to properly set up emergency warning devices, and knowledge of road signage that are applicable to truck drivers. Operate a tractor-trailer in a safe manner and perform basic driving manoeuvres. This includes understanding how to control the vehicle direction, position and motion in various situations in traffic. Apply fuel efficient driving habits. 4. Professional driving habits Apply defensive driving techniques. Understand driver condition and its effects on driving. Understand the effects of distracted driving. Understand the effects of alcohol and drugs. Understand the importance of fatigue management. 5. Tractor-trailer off-road tasks and manoeuvres Safely back-up, park, and dock tractor-trailers. Ability to couple a tractor-trailer. Ability to uncouple a tractor-trailer. 8

9 6. Documents, paperwork and regulatory requirements Have knowledge of required documents and related regulations related to driving a tractor trailer and transporting cargo. Understand how to properly complete documents such as a daily trip inspection report. 7. Vehicle inspection activities Have knowledge of defects listed in National Safety Code (NSC) 13. Know how to identify and inspect vehicle for defects listed in NSC 13 and other common defects. Know how to recognize and identify minor and major defects and out of service criteria. 8. Hours of service compliance Have knowledge of federal hours of service regulations. Know how to complete and maintain a daily log of driver activities based on the federal hours of service 9. Cargo securement and loss prevention Understand the laws regarding cargo securement and importance of safe cargo securement. Know how to comply with basic cargo securement requirements. 10. Handling emergencies Understand how to handle emergency incidents in a professional manner. Know how to manoeuvre the vehicle in the event of a mechanical breakdown. Understand how to handle situations where the tractor-trailer is involved in a vehicle collision. 11. Air brake operation Know the basic operating principles of air brakes. Functionally operate air brakes for the purposes of testing air brake systems as well as while operating a vehicle. Understand how to assess mechanical and performance metrics. 9

10 Off-Road Tasks and Manoeuvres Student Application Instructor Demonstration Assessment Hours of instruction by module Class 1 Instructional Hours by Modules Classroom In-Yard* In-Cab* Total Hours Module Lecture Drive 1. Employment in the Trucking Industry Vehicle Components and Systems Basic Driving Techniques Professional Driving Habits Off-Road Tasks and Manoeuvres Backing Coupling Documents, Paperwork & Regulatory Requirements Vehicle Inspection Activities Hours of Service Compliance Cargo Securement and Loss Prevention Handling Emergencies Sub-total Hours (Excluding Air Brakes) Air Brakes Total Training Hours *Including time spent practicing, performing, and time spent by instructor to demonstrate skills and assessing the student. 10

11 EMPLOYMENT IN THE COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INDUSTRY 1 Legislative Requirements and Standards Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Apply (practice, perform, etc.) Assess (show, do, quiz, test etc.) Observe Instructor (watching instruction) Apply (practice, perform etc.) On-Road (driving along) Off-Road (tasks and manoeuvres) 1.42 Learning outcome 1.1: At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to describe the requirements for employers and workers to comply with government regulations and standards. Learning Indicators Explains that employers must comply with government regulations Explains that workers must comply with driving related government regulations and standards Identifies that employment requirements may include: security screening and background checks; regular appraisals and performance reviews; pre-employment, periodic, or post-incident drug and alcohol testing; etc Identifies that employment requirements will require medical clearance based on a specific type of driver s licence, and will also involve an initial and periodic physical assessment or fitness screening Explains that medical condition and history affect the type of licence a driver can hold Explains that workers are sometimes expected to rely heavily on their personal knowledge of regulatory or compliance requirements. 11

12 1.1.7 Explains that some cargo is defined through regulations as dangerous goods Explains that dangerous goods can only be handled and transported by workers who have been specifically trained and certified Identifies the types of symbols used to identify dangerous goods Explains that some types of driving require significant amounts of time away from home. This schedule can cause work-related and personal stress, and can affect family relationships Explains that lifestyle and dietary factors can influence fatigue, performance, physical fitness and agility Explains that a driver s licence may require specific endorsements for certain types of commercial vehicles and operations Explains that personal driving history can affect the status of a worker s commercial licence and ability to drive commercial vehicles Explains that government agencies develop and retain records of driver incidents and infractions Explains that government agencies develop and retain records of commercial motor carrier incidents and infractions Explains that regulations apply to the movement of vehicles on all public roads and highways Explains that regulations apply to the mechanical condition of commercial vehicles Explains that regulations apply to the allowable weights and dimensions of commercial vehicles Explains that regulations apply to the securing of cargo transported by commercial vehicles Explains that regulations apply to the air brake systems used on commercial vehicles. 12

13 Explains that regulations apply to the daily inspection of commercial vehicles Explains that regulations apply to the transport of materials and products that are defined as dangerous goods Explains that regulations apply to the hours a person is permitted to drive a commercial vehicle, be on duty, and be off duty Explains that commercial vehicles may be restricted from operating on certain routes, or at particular times, due to their weight, licence, size or the commodity being transported. 13

14 VEHICLE COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 2 Legislative Requirements and Standards Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Apply (practice, perform, etc.) Assess (show, do, quiz, test etc.) Observe Instructor (watching instruction) Apply (practice, perform etc.) On-Road (driving along) Off-Road (tasks and manoeuvres) 6.5 Learning outcome 2.1: At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to operate commercial vehicle systems and controls. Learning Indicators Describes the general components and basic function of a typical commercial vehicle engine compartment and fluid systems Describes the general layout and function of major body, frame and external vehicle components and systems Explains the differences between single, tandem, tridem and other multi axle configurations Describes the basic types, features and function of tires and wheels Describes the physical features and operation of common types of suspension systems Describes the physical features and basic operation of drum and disc brake systems Describes how steering control is lost when tires skid during heavy brake use or when braking with poor traction. 14

15 2.1.8 Describes the way that Anti lock Brake Systems (ABS) keep wheels from locking, but may not shorten vehicle stopping distance Describes how stability control systems operate and affect vehicle operation. Elements Locates and operates all typical primary and secondary controls, gauges and instruments Describes the instrument panel indicators displaying important vehicle operating information, warnings and safety system status Operates one or more typical manual transmission and clutch, automated manual transmission and/or automatic transmission Locates fuel tanks and filler caps, and apply proper fueling methods Identifies important commercial vehicle service items, and locates operating fluid check points Identifies the correct operating fluids required for a vehicle and how to properly re fill and maintain fluid levels Operates a differential lock or inter axle differential lock, if equipped Operate engine brake or retarders, and understand how and when to appropriately use these systems to control vehicle speed Operates vehicle heating, defrosting and air conditioning systems Operates vehicle lamps and accessories Operates windshield wiper and washer systems Carries, secures, stores and uses, or operates required emergency equipment. 15

16 BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES 3 Legislative Requirements and Standards Learning outcome 3.1: Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Apply Assess Observe (practice, (show, do, Instructor perform, etc.) quiz, test etc.) (watching instruction) Apply (practice, perform etc.) On-Road (driving along) Off-Road (tasks and manoeuvres) 4.15 At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to comply with operational regulations that apply to commercial vehicles Learning indicators Explains the importance of being fully alert when driving and the importance that judgment is not impaired in any way while driving Elements Explains the importance of proper start up and/or warm up procedures. Explains a method for confirming that they are fully alert and their judgment is not impaired in any way before beginning to drive. Confirms every time before leaving the driver s seat; that the vehicle is secured by the vehicle s parking brake, wheel chocks or suitable blocks. Explains how to enter and exit the cab, or the vehicle cargo area, how to maintain three point contact, and recognize the risks of improperly climbing onto or jumping from equipment. Confirms all required vehicle and cargo documents are valid and correct. Locates required vehicle documents such as permit books, vehicle registration, insurance, bills of lading, etc. 16

17 3.1.8 When in a loading dock, confirms that all cargo handling equipment and devices have been returned to their proper place Checks or removes vehicle restraints and other loading dock devices Checks and/or adjusts air suspension settings and controls, axle spacing, and fifth wheel position, if equipped when operating a tractor trailer Adjusts the driver s seat to the correct position before driving Inspects, wears and properly adjusts seatbelts before driving Sets up mirrors to minimize a vehicle s blind spots Scans all controls and instruments before driving Monitors the engine, instrument panel and indicator lamps Listens for normal vehicle sounds, while starting the vehicle s engine and avoiding unnecessary idling. Legislative Requirements and Standards Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Apply (practice, perform, etc.) Assess (show, do, quiz, test etc.) Observe Instructor (watching instruction) Apply (practice, perform etc.) On-Road (driving along) Off-Road (tasks and manoeuvres) 6.5 Learning outcome 3.2: Learning Indicators At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to prepare and start to drive a commercial vehicle and apply fuel efficient driving habits Explains the need to know the height of their vehicle before driving on any road Explains the need to know the approximate empty and loaded weight of their vehicle before driving on any road. 17

18 Explains that steep grades require different driving techniques for different locations and how to properly use emergency runaway lanes. Explains the times, days and/or weeks when commercial vehicle operations are restricted in certain urban areas and imposed through municipal bylaws. Explains standard highway height and weight limits and restrictions. Explains the need to carry the emergency equipment required for certain commercial vehicle operations. Explains how and when to properly set up emergency warning devices such as triangle reflectors. Explains the importance of immediately recognizing and responding to an unexpected situation in which their vehicle weight or height is greater than what is permitted to operate on a particular road or highway Explains the importance of respecting local bylaws restricting vehicle loading and unloading activities, parking and idling Reads all road signage with particular messages that apply to commercial vehicles. Identifies routes that prohibit commercial vehicles. Explains the importance of fuel efficient driving methods. Elements Takes extra care when crossing railway tracks, and before crossing, determines if the space available is adequate for the vehicle they are driving. Shifts gears only before or after crossing railroad tracks Accelerates at a smooth and gradual rate. 18

19 Anticipates when most changes in speed and gear selection will be necessary and that the surrounding space will be sufficient for the changes. When driving a vehicle with manual transmission, shifts progressively and selects the engine RPM and gear that are most suitable for the vehicle speed and load. Enters vehicle inspection facilities, or pulls off the roadway, when instructed by an officer or highway signage. Watches for potential hazards of unmarked overhead obstructions such as: canopies, roof overhangs and other building protrusions, signs, utility lines, tree limbs, doorway entries, etc. Watches for snow build up, debris or road construction that can change vehicle height, weight or clearances. Identifies and reads all road signs indicating the weight capacity of roadways or bridges including seasonal weight restrictions. Legislative Requirements and Standards Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Apply (practice, perform, etc.) Assess (show, do, quiz, test etc.) Observe Instructor (watching instruction) Apply (practice, performance etc.) On-Road (driving along) Off-Road (tasks and manoeuvres) 31.4 Learning outcome 3.3: Elements At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to operate a commercial vehicle in a safe manner and perform basic driving manoeuvres with a trailer that is both empty and at least 50% loaded. Drives a commercial vehicle in a safe manner along typical roads and highways Driving along includes the driver performing the following sub tasks: 19

20 Applies continual observation techniques and monitoring of road conditions. Conducts regular traffic checks. Monitors vehicle blind spots. Drives courteously, manages unexpected situations, manages distractions and drives within capabilities and experience. Monitors vehicle behavior and operating conditions. Recognizes their responsibilities for sharing the road surface with pedestrians and other vehicles of various dimensions, speeds and purposes, and the consequences of failing to do so. Manages speed and following distance to allow adequate time to observe, react, manoeuvre and perform safe braking and stopping if necessary. Maintains proper road and lane position. Observes road signage and pavement markings. Integrates with traffic and shows awareness of other road users. Operates vehicle controls smoothly. Maintains two-handed grip on the steering wheel as much as practical Operates a manual transmission if applicable, selecting gears correctly and shifting smoothly. Elements Drives a commercial vehicle through curves in a safe manner. Driving through curves includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1. Prepare for the curve as it becomes visible by completing the following steps: conduct a visual assessment conduct a signage check conduct a pavement marking check conduct a traffic check adjust speed as required 2. Travel through the curve by completing the following steps: manage speed and following distance steer through the curve following a proper path, based on vehicle off tracking and clearance requirements conduct a traffic check maintain two-handed grip on the steering wheel as much as practicable 20

21 Elements Changes lanes in a commercial vehicle in a safe manner. Changing lanes includes performing the following tasks. The driver will: 1. Prepare for the lane change by completing the following steps: conduct a traffic check conduct a pavement marking check manage speed and following distance activate turn signal correctly and on time, mirror check one more time 2. Execute the lane change by completing the following steps: steer vehicle into the correct position in the new lane manage speed and following distance to allow adequate time to observe, react and manoeuvre vehicle if necessary cancel turn signal within about five seconds after completion 21

22 Elements Crosses intersections in a commercial vehicle in an urban setting in a safe manner. Crossing an intersection includes performing the following sub-tasks. The driver will: 1) Prepare for crossing the intersection as it becomes visible by completing the following steps: conduct a visual assessment conduct a signage check conduct a pavement marking check conduct a traffic control signals check conduct a traffic check 2) Approach the boundary of the intersection while completing the following steps: read and respond to signage read and respond to traffic control signals conduct a traffic check plan a crossing path 3) Stop at an intersection when required by completing the following steps: read and respond to signage read and respond to traffic control signals stop the vehicle in the correct location keep wheels in proper position and two hands on wheel while stopped drive vehicle forward when necessary 4) Proceed across the intersection after stopping, or when no stop is necessary, by completing the following steps: conduct a traffic signal light check conduct a traffic check interpreting right of way obligations correctly steer the vehicle through the proper path manage speed and following distance 22

23 Elements Turns at intersections in a commercial vehicle in an urban setting in a safe manner. Turning at intersections includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1) Determine if an S-turn is required 2) Select the correct lane for starting the turn. 3) Activate turn signal correctly and on time. 4) Conduct a continuous traffic check while turning. 5) Manage speed and following distance. 6) Interpret right of way obligations correctly. 7) Steer through the intersection following a proper path, based on vehicle off tracking and clearance requirements. 8) Select the correct lane for travel after the turn. 9) Cancel turn signal after completion (never more than five seconds). Legislative Requirements and Standards Learning outcome 3.4: Elements Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total On-Road (driving along) Apply Assess Observe Apply (practice, (show, do, Instructor (practice, perform, etc.) quiz, test etc.) (watching performance etc.) instruction) Off-Road (tasks and manoeuvres) 9.20 At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to operate a commercial vehicle in a safe manner and perform the required manoeuvres for driving on highways with a trailer that is both empty and at least 50% loaded. Enters a highway in a commercial vehicle in a safe manner. Entering a highway includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 23

24 1) Conduct a traffic check. 2) Manage vehicle speed according to conditions, weather conditions, posted advisories. 3) Conduct a pavement marking check and stay within markings. 4) Change lanes or merge as necessary on the ramp. 5) Negotiate the ramp at appropriate speed. 6) Manage following distance. 7) Activate turn signal correctly and on time. 8) Adjust vehicle speed within the acceleration ramp to facilitate merge into traffic. 9) Interpret right of way obligations correctly. 10) Merge onto highway maintaining suitable distance from other vehicles and adjusting speed as needed, responding to metered ramp entry systems where applicable. 11) Cancel turn signal after merge is complete (never keep signal on more than five seconds). Exits a highway in a commercial vehicle in a safe manner Elements Exiting a highway includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1) Conduct a traffic check. 2) Manage following distance. 3) Change lanes if necessary well before the exit. 4) Reduce speed as appropriate (neither too soon or too late). 5) Activate turn signal correctly and on time. 6) Conduct a pavement marking check and stay within markings. 7) Drive onto exit ramp as soon as space is available. 8) Decelerate as necessary within deceleration ramp. 9) Manage vehicle speed according to conditions and posted advisories. 10) Negotiate the ramp at appropriate speed and change lanes or merge as necessary. 11) Cancel turn signal after getting fully into exit lane. 24

25 PROFESSIONAL DRIVING HABITS 4 Legislative Requirements and Standards Learning outcome 4.1: Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Deliver Apply Assess Observe Apply On-Road Off-Road (lecture, pairs, (practice, (show, do, group, demo perform, etc.) quiz, test etc.) (watching etc.) Instructor (watching instruction) (practice, perform,. etc.) (driving along) (tasks and manoeuvres At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to apply defensive driving techniques. 7 Learning Indicators 4.1 Elements Explains the importance of defensive driving habits Explains their duty of care to proactively protect other road users from harm Explains their responsibility to sharing the road surface with pedestrians and other vehicles of various dimensions, speeds and purposes, and the consequences of failing to do so and how the additional size and weight of their vehicle may be perceived by other road users Observes and critiques personal driving techniques to identify ways to improve Monitors the actions of other drivers, changing weather and changing road surfaces Adjusts driving techniques to match the vehicle configuration, center of gravity, and driving experience Recognizes and takes steps to avoid situations that might cause anger, hostility or danger Is courteous, and yields to other motorists, cyclists, pedestrians and slow moving vehicles Scans mirrors, instruments and gauges regularly and systematically Explains the visual cues and other signs of potentially hazardous traffic situations Maintains an appropriate following distance in all driving conditions Maintains attention and avoids sources of distraction while driving Maintains vehicle speed that is appropriate for road and traffic conditions, and adheres to regulations Observes traffic patterns and other road users, and selects a safe roadside location for stopping and/or parking, and resumes safely back into traffic. 25

26 OFF ROAD TASKS AND MANOEUVRES 5 Legislative Requirements and Standards Learning outcome 5.1: Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total On-Road (driving along) Apply Assess Observe Apply (practice, (show, do, Instructor (practice, perform perform, etc.) quiz, test etc.) (watching etc.) instruction) Off-road (tasks and manoeuvres) At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to perform backing and parking manoeuvres with a tractor-trailer. Element Performs straight line backing manoeuvres with a tractor-trailer unit in a safe manner. Manoeuvre space straight-line backing manoeuvre will be in a space between 3.5 m and 3.7 m wide, and 30 m long. Ability to safely back vehicle into narrow areas, private lanes, etc. Completion of straight line backing manoeuvres includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1. Check mirror set up. 2. Position the tractor-trailer for the backing manoeuvre. 3. Secure the vehicle. Activate warning flashers. 4. Exit the vehicle to examine the manoeuvre space and check vehicle position. 5. Re-enter the vehicle, open windows and silence audio devices, turn on warning flashers. 6. Sound vehicle horn briefly. 7. Reverse into the space at idle speed. 8. Move the vehicle forward no more than once to align it during the manoeuvre. 26

27 9. Exit the tractor-trailer to examine space and vehicle alignment no more than once during the manoeuvre. 10. Complete the reverse movement while staying entirely within the manoeuvre space. 11. Stop tractor-trailer movement upon reaching the desired position (stop the tractor-trailer gently when backing up to a solid fixture). 12. Complete the backing manoeuvre within 10 minutes. Element Performs offset backing manoeuvres with a commercial vehicle in a safe manner. Manoeuvre space offset backing manoeuvre will be from a space that is between 3.5 m and 3.7 m wide, and at least as long as the tractor-trailer, into an adjacent space of the same dimensions. The pullup space in front of the two spaces described must be at least one and one half times the length of the tractor-trailer. The manoeuvre will be learned from both sides. Completion of offset backing manoeuvres includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1. Check mirror set up. 2. Drive the tractor-trailer forward out of the starting position. 3. Align the tractor-trailer with the target space while driving forward into the pull up area. 4. Secure the vehicle and activate the warning flashers. 5. Exit the vehicle to examine the manoeuvre space from outside the vehicle and check vehicle position if necessary. 6. Re enter the vehicle, open windows and silence audio devices. 7. Sound vehicle horn briefly. 8. Reverse into the space at idle speed. 9. Move the tractor-trailer forward no more than twice to align it during the manoeuvre. 10. Exit the tractor-trailer to examine space and vehicle alignment no more than twice during the manoeuvre. 11. Complete the reverse movement while staying entirely within the manoeuvre space. 12. Stop tractor-trailer movement upon reaching the desired position. 13. Stop the tractor-trailer gently when backing up to a solid fixture. 14. Complete the backing manoeuvre within 10 minutes. 27

28 Element Performs alley dock backing manoeuvres with a commercial vehicle in a safe manner. Manoeuvre space: alley dock backing manoeuvres will be into a space that is between 3.5 m and 3.7 m wide, and at least as long as two thirds the length of the tractor-trailer, starting with the vehicle positioned perpendicular to the space. The pull up space in front of the backing target space must be no deeper than the length of the vehicle. The manoeuvre will be learned from both sides. Completion of alley dock backing manoeuvres includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1. Check mirror set up. 2. Drive the vehicle forward out of the starting position. 3. Align the tractor-trailer with the target space while driving forward into the pull up area. 4. Secure the vehicle and activate the warning flashers. 5. Exit the vehicle to examine the manoeuvre space from outside the vehicle and check vehicle position if necessary. 6. Re enter the vehicle, open windows and silence audio devices. 7. Sound vehicle horn briefly. 8. Reverse into the space at idle speed. 9. Pull up the vehicle no more than twice to align it during the manoeuvre. 10. Exit the vehicle to examine space and vehicle alignment no more than twice during the manoeuvre. 11. Complete the reverse movement while staying entirely within the manoeuvre space. 12. Stop vehicle movement upon reaching the desired position. 13. Stop the vehicle gently when backing up to a solid fixture. 14. Complete the backing manoeuvre within 10 minutes. 28

29 Legislative Requirements and Standards Learning outcome 5.2 Element Deliver (lecture, pairs, group, demo etc.) Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Apply Assess Observe Apply On-Road (practice, (show, do, Instructor (practice, perform (driving perform, etc.) quiz, test etc.) (watching etc.) along) instruction) At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to perform coupling and uncoupling manoeuvres with a tractor-trailer. Couples a tractor trailer in a safe manner. Completion of coupling tasks includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1. Start the coupling task: inspect lower couplers and connectors while outside the vehicle enter the vehicle and begin reversing slowly, approach the trailer with the tractor as straight in line as possible, overcome any challenges involving ground surface conditions Off- Road (backing) Continue coupling with a tractor with fixed suspension: align the tractor and trailer, reversing the vehicle until the fifth wheel is just ahead of trailer, touching the trailer or slightly under, but not against the kingpin exit the tractor and check the upper coupler and confirm that the kingpin is aligned (no more than 10 cm {4 in.} from the center of the fifth wheel lower coupler), adjust height if necessary so that contact of the upper coupler will be on the bottom half of the fifth wheel lower coupler re-enter the vehicle and continue reversing toward the trailer, monitor the trailer s position during coupling using the mirrors to confirm proper alignment reverse the tractor, gently but firmly engage the fifth wheel listen for and feel the fifth wheel latch into its locked position 3. Continue coupling with a tractor having air suspension offering a suspension drop feature: reverse the vehicle slowly toward the trailer until the fifth wheel just touches the trailer, or is about to touch it exit the tractor and check vehicle height 29

30 re-enter the tractor and release (dump) the tractor air suspension, then reverse the tractor until the fifth wheel lower coupler is fully under the front of the trailer, but still ahead of the king pin restore the tractor air suspension to its normal height monitor the trailer s position during coupling using the mirrors to confirm proper alignment reverse the tractor, gently but firmly engaging the fifth wheel listen for and feel the fifth wheel latching into its locked position 4. Complete the coupling for all suspension types: attempt to move the tractor forward (perform a tug test) exit the vehicle and visually confirm the fifth wheel is locked by checking the fifth wheel contact, the release handle position and the latch connect the air and electrical lines properly, and confirm normal operation raise the trailer landing gear fully and stow the handle into its retainer re-enter the vehicle and supply air to the trailer with the trailer supply valve, monitor the air pressure gauges, and confirm air pressure gauges show normal pressure levels drive forward slowly a short distance and apply either the trailer service brakes only, or the full service brakes to test brake operation Element Uncouples a tractor trailer in a safe manner. Completion of uncoupling tasks includes performing the following sub tasks. The driver will: 1) Start the uncoupling task: confirm the location is suitable and safe for uncoupling park the trailer in the selected location and apply the trailer parking brakes secure and exit the tractor place any required wheel chocks and blocks, or engage locks into position place adequate support material under the landing gear if necessary operate trailer air suspension controls as required lower the trailer landing gear until it is just above the ground, just touches the ground, but does not raise the trailer from the fifth wheel 30

31 leave the landing gear handle in low range and stow the handle disconnect air and electrical connections and stow them release the fifth wheel coupler lock 2) For a tractor with fixed suspension: re enter the vehicle and drive forward slowly to release the fifth wheel, watch the trailer in the mirrors or out of the rear window, confirm the trailer is stable when the fifth wheel lower coupler is fully out from under the trailer, but the tractor is still under the front of the trailer, exit the tractor and check that the trailer is stable and secure re enter the vehicle and drive forward slowly until the tractor is clear of the trailer 3) For a tractor with air suspension having suspension drop feature: re enter the vehicle and drive forward slowly far enough to unlatch the fifth wheel coupler and stop operate the control to drop the tractor suspension watch the trailer in the mirrors or out of the rear window, confirm the trailer is stable when the fifth wheel lower coupler is fully out from under the trailer, but the tractor is still under the front of the trailer, exit the tractor and check that the trailer is stable and secure re enter the vehicle and drive forward slowly until the tractor is clear of the trailer 31

32 DOCUMENTS, PAPERWORK AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 6 Legislative Requirements and Standards Learning outcome 6.1: Learning Environment (hours) Classroom In-Yard In-Cab Total Deliver Apply Assess Observe Apply On-Road Off-Road (lecture, pairs, (practice, (show, do, Instructor (practice, perform, (driving (backing) group, demo perform, etc.) quiz, test etc.) (watching. etc.) along) etc.) instruction) At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to administer written workplace documents, and communicate effectively through written means. 3.5 Learning Indicators 6.1 Elements Know the meaning of messages and symbols on cargo packaging and cargo documents such as waybills, packing lists, delivery documents, instructions, workplace hazard information, etc Identifies and describes the basic purpose, importance and proper condition of required vehicle related documents Accesses information and reference tables such as those related to vehicle weights and dimensions Legibly record information onto, track and manage cargo-related documents such as waybills Access written workplace information such as practice, procedure and policy documents related to cargo securement, job task analyses, hazard assessments, etc. Learning outcome 6.3: At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to complete basic mathematical calculations related to commercial vehicle operation. Elements Calculate route and trip distances Estimate fuel consumption rates, and estimate how far a vehicle can travel on a particular quantity of fuel. 32

33 6.3.3 Calculates actual and allowable axle weights Knows vehicle dimensions and axle spacing requirements, and complete necessary calculations to confirm compliance with vehicle requirements such as: bridge formulas etc Estimates and records cargo weight. Learning Outcome 6.4: At the end of this training program the graduate will be able to plan ahead, anticipate problems, and begin to deal with an emergency situation. Learning Indicators Explains the risk of traveling to an unfamiliar location without first confirming facilities and preferred routes Identifies some special requirements relating to a vehicle, load, routing or commodity Describes the need to carry required emergency equipment on or inside the vehicle Describes how and when to use emergency equipment carried in the vehicle such as: fire extinguisher, safety warnings devices (triangle reflectors, spill kits, etc.) Describes typical vehicle workplace risks and hazards Describes how to use cargo access doors in a safe manner, and protect against potential falling cargo when opening doors Explains the driver s responsibility to deal with a build up of snow or ice on their vehicle(s). Elements Accesses sources of maps and electronic route information Accesses sources of information about commercial vehicle routes, road construction, road closures, height clearances, weight restrictions, permit requirements, etc Prepares a route plan that considers vehicle size and weight Identifies sources of reliable information about weather and road conditions. 33

34 6.5.5 Ability to use some basic hand tools Properly wears or otherwise uses appropriate personal protective equipment Locates emergency contact information Adjust the vehicle s fifth wheel setting, axle position, or suspension system as necessary Applies safe driving technique when proceeding through construction zones and detours. 34