Green Practices In Electrical System. Confederation of Indian Industry

Transcription

1 Green Practices In Electrical System

2 Electrical System venergy efficiency measures will add $505 billion to India s gross domestic product (GDP) between 2009 and 2017 vimmense energy efficiency potential possible varound 2500 MW of energy savings possible only in electrical system

3 Electrical System GENERATOR TRANSFORMER DISTRIBUTION LOAD

4 THANK YOU

5 Generators Improving Power Factor Of Generator vcan generator be operated in higher power factor than the design value? YES vusually designed for 0.80 PF lag as specified by standards vlower power factor demands higher excitation currents and results in increased losses 1

6 Alternator Capability Curve Source: Cummins Power Improving Power Factor Of Generator vhigher power factor Lower excitation current Higher alternator efficiency Higher generation due to higher efficiency vat the least, 0.4% efficiency improvement possible by improving PF from 0.8 to Unity 2

7 Improving Power Factor Of Generator vtgs rated for 30 MW & MVA voperating at 0.80 PF P.F 100 % Load 75% Load 50% Load 25% Load % 97.98% 97.59% 96.03% Improving Power Factor Of Generator vimproved PF in steps Efficiency improved by 0.59% vaction Taken: Improved power factor from 0.80 to 0.99 in steps vreduced the excitation slowly Installed additional capacitor banks to meet kvar requirement 3

8 Improving Power Factor Of Generator Annual Saving - Rs 35.0 Lakhs Investment - Rs 38.0 Lakhs Simple Payback - 14 Months 4

9 Transformers

10 Transformer vindustries are the not the only one which has transformers A Cell phone chargers also does

11 Transformer va quick calculation Total mobile phones in India = 300 million (According to IDC reports) Assuming 10% of people are habitual of leaving chargers on = 30 million Assuming the charger is left on for 10 hrs for 365 days a year

12 va quick calculation Transformer Charger consumes 0.5 W power Energy Loss per year = MWh vaccording to Nokia switching off cell phone charges can save power equivalent to power consumed in 66,000 European homes

13 Transformer Efficiency venergy Efficiency in transformer system Technology up gradation Fine Tuning of system vtechnology up gradation Amorphorous Transformers vfine Tuning of System Transformer Loss Calculation

14 Transformer Efficiency Iron losses Copper losses

15 Transformer Loss Calculation 132 KV Breaker 50 MVA 11 KV / 132KV 80% Loaded 50 MVA 11 KV / 132KV No Load Bus Coupler

16 Transformer Loss Calculation vlosses from test certificate Iron loss = 25 kw FL. Copper losses = 225 kw Loss calculation vone transformer in operation (25) x (0.80) 2 = 169 kw vadditional loss in stand by transformer 25 kw Iron loss

17 Transformer Loss Calculation 132 KV Breaker 50 MVA 11 KV / 132KV 40% Loaded 50 MVA 11 KV / 132KV 40% Loaded Bus Coupler

18 Transformer Loss Calculation vboth transformers in operation [(25) x (0.40) 2 ] x 2 = 122 kw vreduction in loss : 72 kw Annual Saving - Rs 18.0 Lakhs Investment - Nil

19 Distribution Distribution Loss Case Study vtotal technical & commercial loss in TN > Rs 60,000 Crores Next five years> Rs 1,00,000 Crores vpunjab State Electricity Board s (PSEB) transmission and distribution loss 25% qdecided to reduce losses 1

20 Distribution Loss Case Study vreplaced the existing 3-phase 400V Low Voltage Distribution System feeding Agricultural Pumps, with an 11-kV High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) vbenefits of the project Reduction in transmission losses Energy saved could be used by additional consumers Improved voltage profile to consumers Reduction in failure of transformers due to over loading Distribution A Case Study 6 MW 11kV 11kV 11kV 1000kVA 1000kVA 1000kVA Tr -3 Tr kVA 2500kVA 415V Plant A Load Plant A 415V 415V Plant B load Plant B 2

21 Distribution A Case Study v11 kv feeder of Plant A Not in operation Cable Failure vload of Plant A catered by Transformer 2 of Plant B vthree level voltage transformation used LT HT LT veach voltage transformation has its own efficiency Higher no. of transformations, higher the losses Inherent losses of transformers Distribution A Case Study vaction Taken: Load of Plant A directly connected to secondary of Transformer 2 of Plant B qinstalled bus coupler and separate breakers at the secondary of Plant A distribution transformers Switched off Plant A transformers Annual Saving - Rs 7.00 Lakhs Investment - Rs Lakhs Payback period - 36 Months 3

22 Voltage Drop v Voltage drop is an indication of distribution loss v Causes of voltage drop Poor power factor Inadequate cable size laid Poor contact surface at q Cable Termination q Cable joints q Contactors/Switches Voltage Drop v In a large complex distribution system, voltage drops are very common v Acceptable limit in a 3 Ph. System is 4-5 Volts / Phase v More than 5 V/Phase indicates energy loss in the distribution 4

23 Case Study-Voltage Drops v Voltage drop PCC to MCC Measurements q Voltage at PCC q Voltage at MCC q Drop in Voltage q Load current q Power factor q Cable size = 418 V = 405 V = 13 Volts = 225 A = 0.6 Lag = 1R x 3C x 300 Sq.mm Case Study-Voltage Drops v Cable loss v Capacitor installed at Load end v Reduction cable loss = 5.1 kw = 60 kvar = 2.5 kw Annual savings = 0.76 Lakhs 5

24 Loads Motor - Lighting Operation of VFD vvfds not an universal remedy for energy efficiency vvfds also has efficiency ~96-98% efficient vat full speed, no energy saving venergy loss operating 50 Hz 2% to 2.5 % 1

25 Operation of VFD va plant operated 20 VFDs at full speed vaction taken Bypassed VFDs at full speed Annual Saving - Rs 0.90 Lakhs Investment - Nil Motor Efficiency venergy Efficiency in Motors Technology up gradation Fine Tuning of system vtechnology up gradation Energy Efficient motors vfine Tuning of System 2

26 System Fine Tuning Basic Formulae Power = 3 V I Cos φ Cos φ is power factor Capacity α Torque α Voltage 2 3

27 Optimization Of Lightly Loaded Motors v Options Delta connection to permanent star connection -Steady load application Automatic star-delta-star converters- for variable loads Soft starter cum energy savers - High Starting torque applications Variable voltage devices Down sizing Overall voltage optimization Capacity a Voltage 2 v Impact on motor operating parameters Reduction in voltage dependent losses - Drop in Magnetization current Capacity reduces PF improves Load current drops Load factor improves Efficiency Improves 4

28 Automatic Star-delta-star v Principle of Voltage optimization v Starting torque problems Starting equipment on load v Now available with DOL changer switch for starting purpose Load Sensor Star Mode (Low Load) (High Load) D Mode % L Energy Saving Protection Automatic Star Delta Star Starters for Belt Conveyors v Most of the time lightly loaded v Subject to heavy load Rated KW = 90.0KW(3 nos) Actual load = 35.0 KW In star mode consumes = 32.0 KW Savings in KW = 9.0 KW Annual savings - Rs 2.8 Lakhs Investment - Rs 1.2 Lakhs Payback period - 5 months 5

29 Optimise operating frequency A Case study from a Cement Plant vhas captive power plant 45 MW Operated in island mode Operating frequency : 50 Hz vstudied all major equipment Capacity utilisation : 60 80% Optimise operating frequency vreduced the overall frequency to 49 Hz in steps of 0.2 Hz Observed the operating parameters No effect on production Found reduction in energy consumption Annual Saving - Rs 37.0 Lakhs 6

30 Lighting System Efficiency Improvement vimproving Lighting System Efficiency Technology up gradation Fine Tuning of system vtechnology up gradation Usage of higher efficacy lamps Energy efficiency LED lamps Light pipes Optical fibre vfine Tuning of System Voltage optimisation Technology Up Gradation 7

31 Latest Technologies Light Pipe Latest Technologies Light Pipe 8

32 Latest Technologies Fibre Optics vfibre Optics Popular in medical field qused for lighting in operation theatres Same concept applicable for other applications vfibre optics in combination with solar PV an excellent choice Latest Technologies Fibre Optics 9