Characteristics of Newly-Introduced Accessions In The USDA-ARS Rice Quarantine Program 1

Transcription

1 BREEDING, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY Characteristics of Newly-Introduced Accessions In The USDA-ARS Rice Quarantine Program 1 W.G. Yan, J.N. Rutger, R.J. Bryant, F.N. Lee, and J.W. Gibbons ABSTRACT Seventy-five accessions of international germplasm of rice were classified into three maturity groups and evaluated for grain yield, milling yield, grain shape, and grain quality in These accessions had been identified in 1999 and 2000 quarantine programs as having high yield potential. There were 47 accessions from Ivory Coast, including two derivatives of Oryza sativa/o. glaberrima and 30 accessions of tropical Oryza crosses (Tox), three accessions from Bangladesh, four from Brazil, ten from Egypt, one from Japan, five from Korea, and five from the Philippines. Bogra from Bangladesh in early group 1, GZ from Egypt in intermediate group 2, and Tox from Ivory Coast in late group 3 had both grain and milling yields comparable with or higher than LaGrue. The two derivatives in group 1 yielded less than U.S. cultivars due to lack of uniformity, but one derivative had a comparable milling yield. Egyptian Jasmin in group 2 had intermediate yield and good head rice. Of the 75 accessions, variation for amylose ranged from 16.5 to 27.5%; for protein from 7.7 to 11.0%; for length of brown rice from 5.3 to 7.9 mm; for width of brown rice from 2.0 to 2.9 mm; for length/width ratio from 1.9 to 3.7; for 1000 brown rice kernel weight from 16.2 to 24.6 g; and for 1000 rough rice kernel weight from 18.9 to 28.9 g. 1 This is a completed study. 112

2 B.R. Wells Rice Research Series 2002 INTRODUCTION As new rice germplasm is introduced, the Plant Germplasm Quarantine Office (PGQO) establishes passport data and conducts quarantine. Then the germplasm is released to the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) for assigning Plant Introduction (PI) number and to the Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DB NRRC) for seed increase in order to establish seed stocks for description or characterization and public distribution. Seeds were increased for 222 accessions from the PGQO in 1999 and 240 accessions in 2000 at the DB NRRC. The objective of this study was to evaluate 75 high-yielding accessions during the seed increase in order to enrich the database of the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) and to provide additional choices of rice germplasm to breeders. PROCEDURES Seventy-five accessions, 27 from 1999 and 48 from 2000 seed increases, were characterized for grain yield, milling yield, grain shape, and grain quality. Most of the accessions (47) were from Ivory Coast, including two hybrid derivatives of Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima and 30 accessions of tropical Oryza crosses (Tox). Others were from Bangladesh (3), Brazil (4), Egypt (10), Japan (1), Korea (5), and the Philippines (5). Based on heading records in the prior quarantine seed increases, the accessions were divided into three maturity groups in 2001: early, intermediate, and late. Two highyielding accessions, Japan (PI ) (Yan et al., 1996) and GP-2 (PI ) (Dilday et al., 2001), and three U.S. cultivars, Wells, Bengal, and LaGrue were included in each group as checks. The test was seeded on 20 April 2001 in a split-block design (group as main block) with four replications at the University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC), Stuttgart. The plots were 15 ft long and 6 rows wide with 8-in. spacing between rows. Seedlings emerged 1 May At maturity, the center 12 ft from two center rows in each plot were harvested for grain yield. Other aspects of field management and methods of recording heading, height, milling yield, and grain quality were as described by Dilday et al.(2001). Lodging was recorded on a 1 to 9 scale, with 1 as 0 to 10% plants lodged and 9 as 81 to 100% plants lodged. Lipid analysis was conducted by a Soxtec system (FOSS North America, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN). Thirty grams of each accession were dehulled for brown rice measurements by the FOSS GrainCheck 312 video image system. Rough rice grain weight was determined on another 30 g sample. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Evaluation of Grain Yield and Milling Yield Early Group 1 Two accessions from Bangladesh were comparable to the U.S. check varieties for both rough rice yield and milling yield (Table 1). The four accessions from Brazil had 113

3 AAES Research Series ### lower grain yield than the check varities, but had comparable total milling yields. Carajas and Iac 47 had head rice yield similar to the check varieties. None of the seven Egyptian lines yielded as much as the check varieties, but five lines had head rice yield comparable to the check varieties. The two Ivory Coast hybrid derivatives, Wab450-I-B-P-62- hb and Wab P18-hb, had low yield, but head rice yield of Wab P18-hb second at 65% was as high as the U.S. long-grain check varieties. The other two Ivory Coast accessions did not yield more than the check varieties. Mirim-67, one out of four accessions from South Korea, yielded 154 bu/acre, equivalent to LaGrue (153 bu/acre), but had a low head rice yield (47%). Two accessions from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) had high head rice yields (61 and 68%), and one of the them, IR , had the highest grain yield of 166 bu/acre in this group. Intermediate Group 2 GZ from Egypt yielded 185 bu/acre that was the highest in this group. Head rice yields of three accessions from Egypt were equivalent to the check varieties. Egyptian Jasmin had a yield of 138 bu/acre, comparable to the U.S. checks. Ten out of 18 Ivory Coast accessions yielded from 133 to 156 bu/acre, compared to LaGrue at 144 bu/acre. Eight accessions had total milling yields of 70% or more, and six accessions had head rice yields of 60% or more. An accession from North Korea, Pyongyang 23, yielded 122 bu/acre and had a total milling yield of 72%, with a head rice yield of 59%. Philippine RP had a good combination of grain yield, 158 bu/acre, and milling yield total of 72% and head rice yield of 65%. Late Group 3 Bhujon Kolpo from Bangladesh yielded 145 bu/acre, comparable to LaGrue at 156 bu/acre, but had a low head rice yield of 48%. Of 25 Ivory Coast accessions, 8 yielded from 131 to 163 bu/acre, which were comparable to LaGrue at 156 bu/acre. Nineteen accessions had total milling yields of 70% or more, and ten had head rice yields of 60% or more. Tox and Tox had the highest head rice yield of 64% with total milling yields of 70 and 71%, respectively. Evaluation of Kernel Shape and Grain Quality Of the 75 accessions, 43 were long-, 28 medium-, and 4 short-grain types (Table 2). Variation for amylose content ranged from 16.5% in GZ to 27.5% in Tox ; for protein content from 7.7% in GZ to 11.0% in Wab450- I-B-P-62hb; for lipid content from 1.1% in Bhujon Kolpo to 3.3% in Iac 47; for alkali spreading values from 3.3 in S 499-B-28 to 6.6 in Bhujon Kolpo; for length of brown rice from 5.3 mm in Banzai to 7.9 mm in Rio Paranaiba; for width of brown rice from 2.0 mm in Tox to 2.9 mm in Pyongyang 23; for length/width ratio of brown rice from 1.9 in Pyongyang 23 to 3.7 in Rio Paranaiba; for 1000 brown kernel weight from 16.2 g in Tox to 24.6 g in Tox ; for 1000 rough grain weight from 18.9 g in Tox to 28.9 in Iac 47; and for 1000 grain hull weight from 1.6 g in Tox to 5.1 g in Egyptian Jasmin. 114

4 B.R. Wells Rice Research Series 2002 Early Group 1 Two medium-grain accessions from Bangladesh had higher amylose than U.S. long-grain check cultivars. Three of four accessions from Brazil were long-grains; one, Carajas, had an amylose content of 16.5% that was more typical for medium- than longgrain rice. Amylose content of the other three accessions, including large mediumgrain Iac 47 was 22.0%. All 7 accessions from Egypt were medium-grain with amylose ranging from 16.5 to 17.6%, and GZ had the highest protein of 11.0%. Amylose of the two hybrid derivatives from the Ivory Coast differed 4.4% with longgrain Wab450-I-B-P-62-hb having 20.9% amylose, close to U.S. long-grains. Three of the four accessions from Korea, had typical amylose content for medium-grains. Two IRRI lines had high amylose even though one was a medium-grain type. Intermediate Group 2 Egyptian Jasmin had a length/width ratio similar to Wells and an amylose content about 1% lower than U.S. long-grains. Another from Egypt, GZ , was a medium-grain type with atypical amylose of 25.3%. Thirteen long-grain and four mediumgrain accessions from the Ivory Coast had high amylose ranging from 22.0 to 26.4%, while one long-grain, Tox , had 19.8% amylose content. Except for Tnau 7893 at 1.1% and Tox at 3.3%, all Ivory Coast accessions had 2.2% lipid content. Short-grain Pyongyang 23 from North Korea had an amylose content of 20.9%, typical for long-grain rice. Conversely, long-grain Nj from the Philippines had an amylose content of 16.5%, typical for medium- or short-grains. Late Group 3 Medium-grain Bhujon Kolpo from Bangladesh had atypical amylose of 26.4%, and a low lipid content of 1.1%. Amylose content of 20 long- and four medium-grains from the Ivory Coast was high and ranged from 24.2 to 27.5%, while medium-grain S 499-B-28 had 19.8% amylose. Protein ranged from 7.7 to 9.9%. One, Tox , had a high lipid content of 3.3% and three had low lipid contents of 1.1%. Four accessions had large grain size with a 1000 seed rough grain weight of 27.0 g or more, and two accessions had small grain size with weight less than 20.0 g for 1000 rough rice seeds. SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS The U.S. rice germplasm collection data was enriched with the high-yielding rice germplasm. The wide range of agronomically important characteristics of the new germplasm including hybrid derivatives of Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima, and Egyptian Jasmin, offers more options to breeders and rice scientists in the U.S. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was partially funded by rice producer check-off funds from the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board that were managed by the University of 115

5 AAES Research Series ### Arkansas. The authors appreciate the outstanding help and support of Tony Beaty, Patricia Calvert, and William Richter. LITERATURE CITED Dilday, R.H., W. Yan, K.A.K. Moldenhauer, J.W. Gibbons, F.N. Lee, and R.J. Bryant Chinese and other foreign germplasm evaluation. In: R.J. Norman and J.-F. Meullenet, (eds.). B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies University of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment Station. Research Series 485:1-12. Yan, W., R.H. Dilday, and G.C. Eizenga Evaluation of Japanese rice germplasm from the USDA, ARS germplasm collection. Proc. 26 th Rice Technical Working Group, San Antonio, TX. Feb , p

6 B.R. Wells Rice Research Series 2002 Table 1. Evaluation of new germplasm from the USDA-ARS quarantine program for agronomic characteristics in Quaran. 50% Plant Grain Milling Milling number Variety Country heading height Lodging yield total head (days) (in.) (bu/acre) (%) Early group Khoia Bangladesh Bogra Bangladesh Iguape Brazil Iac 47 Brazil Rio Paranaiba Brazil Carajas Brazil GZ Egypt AC46(G-177/Pi No.4) Egypt GZ Egypt GZ Egypt GZ Egypt GZ Egypt GZ Egypt Wab450-I-B-P-62-hb Ivory Coast Wab P18-hb Ivory Coast Guang 6ai-4 Ivory Coast Ita 416 Ivory Coast Banzai Japan Pyongyang 21 K1 Korea, N Sijung-10 Korea, N Mirim-67 Korea, S Yenan-2 Korea, S IR Philippines IR Philippines CK1 Japan Japan CK2 GP-2 China continued 117

7 AAES Research Series ### Table 1. Continued. Quaran. 50% Plant Grain Milling Milling number Variety Country heading height Lodging yield total head (days) (in.) (bu/acre) (%) Early group 1 - Continued CK3 Wells USA CK4 Bengal USA CK5 LaGrue USA LSD CV Intermediate group GZ Egypt Egyptian Jasmin Egypt GZ Egypt Xan Sc Ivory Coast Faro 44 (SIPI ) Ivory Coast Fkr 19 (Tox 728-8) Ivory Coast Let 3137 Ivory Coast Kshira Ivory Coast S 992-F B Ivory Coast Tnau 7893 Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Pyongyang 23 Korea, N Nj Philippines continued 118

8 B.R. Wells Rice Research Series 2002 Table 1. Continued. Quaran. 50% Plant Grain Milling Milling number Variety Country heading height Lodging yield total head (days) (in.) (bu/acre) (%) Intermediate group 2 - continued RP Philippines S972B Philippines CK1 Japan Japan CK2 GP-2 China CK3 Wells USA CK4 Bengal USA CK5 LaGrue USA LSD CV Late group Bhujon Kolpo Bangladesh Fkr 48 Ivory Coast Ad 9246 Ivory Coast Chinne Shakar Ivory Coast Cica 8 Ivory Coast Ita 406 Ivory Coast S 499-B-28 Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast continued 119

9 AAES Research Series ### Table 1. Continued. Quaran. 50% Plant Grain Milling Milling number Variety Country heading height Lodging yield total head (days) (in.) (bu/acre) (%) Late group 3 - continued Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast Tox Ivory Coast CK1 Japan Japan CK2 GP-2 China CK3 Wells USA CK4 Bengal USA CK5 LaGrue USA LSD CV

10 B.R. Wells Rice Research Series 2002 Table 2. Evaluation of new germplasm from the USDA-ARS quarantine program for grain quality and grain shape characteristics in Quaran Grain Alki Length Width Dehulled Rough number Variety Country type Amylose Protein Lipid spread (L) (W) L/W grains grains (%) (%) (%) (mm) (mm) (Ratio) (g) (g) Early group Khoia Bangladesh M Bogra Bangladesh M Iguape Brazil L Iac 47 Brazil M Rio Paranaiba Brazil L Carajas Brazil L GZ Egypt M AC46(G-177/Pi No.4) Egypt M GZ Egypt M GZ Egypt M GZ Egypt M GZ Egypt M GZ Egypt M Wab450-I-B-P-62-hb Ivory Coast L Wab P18-hb Ivory Coast M Guang 6ai-4 Ivory Coast S Ita 416 Ivory Coast L Banzai Japan S Pyongyang 21 K1 Korea, N. M Sijung-10 Korea, N. M Mirim-67 Korea, S. M Yenan-2 Korea, S. S IR Philippines M IR Philippines L CK1 Japan Japan M CK2 GP-2 China M continued 121

11 AAES Research Series ### Table 2. Continued Quaran Grain Alki Length Width Dehulled Rough number Variety Country type Amylose Protein Lipid spread (L) (W) L/W grains grains (%) (%) (%) (mm) (mm) (Ratio) (g) (g) Early group 1 - continued CK3 Wells USA L CK4 Bengal USA M CK5 LaGrue USA L LSD CV Intermediate group GZ Egypt M Egyptian Jasmin Egypt L GZ Egypt M Xan Sc Ivory Coast L Faro 44 (SIPI ) Ivory Coast L Fkr 19 (Tox 728-8) Ivory Coast M Let 3137 Ivory Coast L Kshira Ivory Coast M S 992-F B Ivory Coast M Tnau 7893 Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast M continued 122

12 B.R. Wells Rice Research Series 2002 Table 2. Continued Quaran Grain Alki Length Width Dehulled Rough number Variety Country type Amylose Protein Lipid spread (L) (W) L/W grains grains (%) (%) (%) (mm) (mm) (Ratio) (g) (g) Intermediate group 2 - continued Pyongyang 23 Korea, N. S Nj Philippines L RP Philippines M S972B Philippines L CK1 Japan Japan M CK2 GP-2 China M CK3 Wells USA L CK4 Bengal USA M CK5 LaGrue USA L LSD CV Late group Bhujon Kolpo Bangladesh M Fkr 48 Ivory Coast L Ad 9246 Ivory Coast L Chinne Shakar Ivory Coast L Cica 8 Ivory Coast L Ita 406 Ivory Coast L S 499-B-28 Ivory Coast M Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast M Tox Ivory Coast M Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L continued 123

13 AAES Research Series ### Table 2. Continued Quaran Grain Alki Length Width Dehulled Rough number Variety Country type Amylose Protein Lipid spread (L) (W) L/W grains grains (%) (%) (%) (mm) (mm) (Ratio) (g) (g) Late group 3 - continued Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast M Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast M Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L Tox Ivory Coast L CK1 Japan Japan M CK2 GP-2 China M CK3 Wells USA L CK4 Bengal USA M CK5 LaGrue USA L LSD CV