This is the Electric Power Grid

Transcription

1 Smart Grid and its Role in Managing Efficient Power Systems IEEE International Conf on Emerging Technologies 8-9 October, 2012 Islamabad, Pakistan Keynote speech by Prof. Saifur Rahman This is the Electric Power Grid 2 1

2 10/8/12 Difference Between a Normal Grid And a Smart Grid Normal Phone Smart Phone Smart Grid Defini;on According to United States Department of Energy s modern grid ini;a;ve, an intelligent or a smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods and integrated communica;ons into the current electricity grid. 4 2

3 Star;ng and End Points of a Smart Grid From Generator to Refrigerator Power Plant Transmission Distribution Home Business End-use Appliances Components of the Smart Grid SCADA, PMUs, FACTs, Advanced Conductors Substation Automation Distribution Automation Advanced Metering, Demand Response and Distributed Resources Microgrid Source: Michael Montoya, Southern California Edison, Smart Grid Strategy & Development 6 3

4 Evolu;on of the Grid Source: Altalink, Alberta, Canada Building Blocks of the Smart Grid Saifur Rahman 4

5 Merging Power Flow with Information Flow: Integrated Communications 9 Electric Power & Communica;on Infrastructures 1.Power Infrastructure Data network Users Central Generating Station Step-Up Transformer 2. Information Infrastructure Control Center Distribution Substation Gas Turbine Receiving Station Distribution Substation Recip Engine Microturbine Distribution Substation Photo voltaics Residential Data Concentrator Recip Engine Fuel cell Commercial Cogeneration Batteries Flywheel Residential Industrial Commercial Source: EPRI 10 5

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8 10/8/12 Changing Landscape for the Electric Utility 15 Impact of Wind on Peak Load Load in MW Wind in MW 01 Oct 2012 Peak load and Wind unbalance will cause sharper peak and less efficient system operation 02 Oct Load in MW Wind in MW Source: BPA.gov 8

9 Solar/Wind intermittency and Demand Response Solar and wind electricity are considered nega;ve loads or fuel- savers If during peak hours the wind/solar electricity produc;on is low, then the peak remains about the same This requires high cost peaking genera;on to operate Demand response or load management can offer some relief Load Dura;on Curve Dominion Virginia Power (2010) Probability that peak loads exceed 16,000 MW is only 5% of the time Peak load of 19,140 MW 3,140 MW or 16.5% of peak load 9

10 Smart Grid for Efficient Power System Opera;on Load management as opposed to load shedding Turn the AC off, not the whole house Technical loss reduc;on through beaer voltage management Reduce Voltage to reduce distribu=on power loss Conserva;on voltage reduc;on allows customer bill savings Voltage reduc=on results in lower energy consump=on Voltage Control (120V +/- 5%) US standards Off Peak VC Off Opportunity Peak VC Opportunity ANSI C84.1 Limits 20 10

11 Voltage Control (120V +/- 5%) Conserva;on Voltage Reduc;on Customer voltages were higher near the substa;on and were lower near the end of the circuit. For each 1% reduc;on in voltage, there was as much as a 0.5% to 1% decrease in energy use. ANSI C84.1 Limits 22 11

12 Benefits of the smart grid Peak load reduction, generator efficiency improvements and distributed generation integration are major benefits of the smart grid Demand response can provide significant peak load reductions A smooth load shape allows better asset utilization 23 Summary Smart grid makes distributed genera;on more prac;cal through demand management which can absorb large fluctua;ons in generator output Smart grid will allow higher energy sales for the same capacity, higher load factor Enabling technologies Integrated communica;ons Sensing and measurement Advanced appliances Advanced control methods Improved interfaces and decision support 12

13 Thank you Professor Saifur Rahman