Clark W Gellings, P.E. Fellow CEPSI 2014 October 29, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transcription

1 Clark W Gellings, P.E. Fellow CEPSI 2014 October 29, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

2 Electric Power Research Institute Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 2

3 The Electric Power System ONE WAY 3

4 Looking Forward Fuel cells, microturbines TWO WAY Residential rooftop solar Energy storage Charging stations Commercial rooftop solar Utility solar 4

5 Distributed Energy Resources Photovoltaics Storage Micro-generation Photo courtesy of NREL Fuel Cells clean exhaust Plug-In Electric Vehicles steam natural gas fuel processor hydrogenrich gas power producing section DC power power conditioner AC power air usable heat & clean water 5

6 How Might the Grid Evolve? Grid Defection Connected, but not Integrated Partially Integrated A Fully Integrated Grid Where we are today Policy, Regulation, Markets, Interconnection Rules and Technology will Drive the Transformation of the Grid 6

7 Growth of PV in Germany and the U.S. German Energy Agency 1 $25 billion of grid investment required by 2020 German Distribution Survey 2 Voltage rise from DG is within accepted limits 1 "Distribution Grid Study," Deutsche Energie-Agentur (DENA), Berlin, PV in Urban Policies Strategic and Comprehensive Approach for Long-Term Expansion. Intelligent Energy Europe

8 Reliability and Energy Transaction Reliability Energy Transaction 8

9 Source: Amprion GmbH 0,0 Solar Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (2013) 0, MW PV D PV-Generation Germany Installiert PV D Installed Capacity 0,0 PDE max. PV : MW approx. 72% of inst. capacity ( , 14:00) 0, , , , h 9 Klaus Kleinekorte: Germany's Energy 9 Goals and Realities 3rd h-values for 2013

10 Source: Amprion GmbH RES: Installed Capacity and Production h-values since MW EE Renewable D Energy Installiert Installed EE Capacity D Jahres-Mittel yearly average EE PDE max. RE*: MW wind: MW PV: MW approx. 56% ( ) min. RE*: 148MW wind: 148MW PV: 0MW approx. 0,2% ( ) 0 1 Klaus Kleinekorte: Germany's Energy 10 Goals and Realities 3rd h-values since 2011

11 Power (MW) Era of the Duck Curve? ENEL Substation - Power Flow Source; ENEL Measured Data from Southern Italy MW - Lunedì, 30 Agosto 2010 MW - Lunedì, 29 Agosto 2011 MW - Lunedì, 27 Agosto

12 Value of Integrated Grid to Power System Interconnected Value of Grid Connectivity Integrated Value of DER and Grid Reliability Startup Power Energy Transaction Voltage Quality Efficiency Integration Enables Values of all Resources 12

13 Increasing Penetration Level Increasing Penetration Level Power System Impact Understanding System Impacts of DER Energy, Capacity & Ancillary Central Generation Generation Capacity & Ancillary Service Frequency Support Transmission Voltage & Frequency Stability Loss Reduction Sub-transmission Increasing Re-dispatch Transmission Constraint T&D Avoided Capacity Substation Reverse Power Flow Reactive Power Balance Loss Reduction Distribution Prevalent voltage, Capacity & Protection Issues Voltage Support Customer Localized Voltage & Capacity in Long Circuits 13

14 DER Penetration Feeder Hosting Capacity: A Brief Primer PV Systems Baseline No PV PV Penetration 1 PV Penetration 2 PV Penetration 3 Beyond Process is repeated 100 s of times to capture many possible scenarios Increase Penetration Levels Until Violations Occur voltage protection power quality thermal 14

15 Maximum Feeder Voltages (pu) DER Penetration Hosting Capacity: Sample Results Minimum Hosting Capacity Maximum Hosting Capacity Total PV: 1173 kw Voltage violation ANSI voltage limit 2500 cases shown Each point = highest primary voltage Increasing penetration (kw) No observable violations regardless of size/location Possible violations based upon size/location Observable violations occur regardless of size/location Total PV: 540 kw 15

16 Overall Benefit Cost Utility Operations (people and how they do their jobs: non-fuel O&M, non-production assets, safety) System Operations (the power system and its efficiency: losses, combustion, dispatch optimization, emissions) Utility Assets (production assets required: GT&D) Reliability & Power Quality (frequency and duration of customer interruptions, harmonics, sags/swells, voltage violations) Customer (equipment & other direct customer costs) Society (environmental and other economic costs and benefits Utility- Cost Function Customer Perspective 16

17 Foundation of An Integrated Grid 1. Grid Modernization 2. Communication Standards and Interconnection Rules 3. Integrated Planning and Operations 4. Informed Policy and Regulation 17

18 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity Download Your Copy of the Paper For additional information contact Karen Forsten at Ben York at Ron Schoff at