Energy Systems and Storage Integration R&D at NREL

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1 Energy Systems and Storage Integration R&D at NREL David Mooney April 5, 2011 By 2035, 80% of America s electricity will come from clean energy sources Support deployment of 1 million electric vehicles (EVs) on the road by 2015 Double renewable energy generation by 2012 Reduce our daily petroleum consumption in 2020 by 3.5 million barrels (18%), from a 19-million barrel baseline, and by 85% by 2050 Reduce energy-related greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2020 and 83% by 2050, from a 2005 baseline Sustainable Energy System NREL Roles and Strategic Intents The Built Environment Distributed & Utility Scale Renewable Power Electricity Generation & Delivery Systems Community & Industrial Systems Highly Efficient Integrated Renewables Integrated and Sustainable Integrated Systems Sustainable Design Highly Efficient Fuel Flexible Transportation Systems Provide Credible and Objective Data and Analyses to Inform Policy and Investment Decisions Deliver Market Relevant Scientific and Technical Knowledge and Sustainable Energy Innovations Enable Integration of Renewable and Efficiency Technologies in Systems at all Scales Renewable Fuels Fuel Production Systems Increase the Speed of Commercialization and the Scale of Deployment Create the Lab of the Future to Support Innovation and Serve as a Leadership Example for Sustainable Development

2 Storage Technology Efforts at NREL Concentrating Solar Power Offers Near-Term Storage Solutions Parabolic Troughs: Commercial, utility-scale deployments Central Receiver: Pre-commercial, pilot-scale deployments

3 Parabolic Trough Power Plant Parabolic Trough Power Plant w/ 2-Tank Indirect Molten Salt Thermal Storage Hot Tank HX Cold Tank

4 50 MW AndaSol One and Two Parabolic Trough Plant w/ 7-hr Storage, Andalucía Scenario Wind PV CSP w storage Low penetration (10% wind, 1% solar) 13.5% 35.0% 94.5% Med penetration (20% wind, 3% solar) 12.8% 29.3% 94.8% High penetration (30% wind, 5% solar) 12.3% 27.7% 95.3% Wind2Battery Project The first installation of a battery (1 MW Sodium- Sulfur) as a direct wind energy storage device in the United States Xcel Energy an NREL are conducting the Wind2Battery project in order to evaluate the effectiveness of NaS battery technology in facilitating the integration of wind energy onto the grid. This includes the investigation of: Basic Generation Storage, Economic Dispatch, Frequency Regulation, Wind Smoothing, and Wind Leveling NREL supported Xcel Energy s analysis efforts through: Modeling of the W2B system including battery and related power systems Creation of a web application for use in data processing and visualization NREL also created a battery model that can be used to model any configuration and type of battery, accessible from a web application

5 Container Integrated Concept Mobile Hybrid Power for Forward Operations Storage in Grid Integration Studies

6 What Do Large-Scale Integration Studies Find? Storage is always useful, but may not always be economic Detailed simulation of power system operation find no need for storage up to 35% penetration Experience with more than 31,000 MW of installed wind in the US shows no need for storage However: storage can be very beneficial with and without RE Depends on cost-benefit Large-scale studies (EWITS and WWSIS) do not find a need for storage at RE penetrations up to 35% of all electricity, although storage does have value Flexibility and Economics are Key In addition to storage, additional sources of flexibility may be needed at high penetration rates newer types of generation: CTs, reciprocating engines Institutional flexibility Fast energy markets Sub-hourly scheduling protocols with neighboring balancing areas Demand response Plug-hybrid vehicles in the future

7 Dispatch during mid-april No Wind/Solar 35% Wind/Solar Current and Future Integration Labs

8 NREL Distributed Energy Resource Test Facility Advancing Renewable, Distributed Energy, and Hydrogen Technologies DC Bus Allows up to 10 DC device (Battery, PV) connections AC Bus (3Phase, 480V, 400A rated) Allows up to 15 AC device (inverters, microturbine, generators) connections Switch Panel Computer controlled. Allows tester to easily configure systems. Distributed Energy Interconnection Distributed Energy Resources Interconnection Technologies Electric Power Systems Fuel Cell PV Functions Power Conversion Utility System Power Conditioning Microturbine Wind Inverter Power Quality Protection Microgrids DER and Load Control Loads Energy Storage PHEV - V2G Ancillary Services Communications Local Loads Load Simulators Generator Switchgear, Relays, & Controls Metering

9 ESIF The Future of Integration R&D at NREL Laboratories HPC Offices ESIF Snapshot S&TF RSF ESIF 180,000 sq. ft. ft Laboratories 400 Teraflop Computer 200 researchers Design Construction start 2011 Completion early 2013 Visitor Center

10 ELGAR Grid Simulator #1 Configurable fused disconnect (FD) ( lug or plug ) AC Bus 1 Venus AC Bus 2 Venus AC Bus 3 Venus AC Bus 4 Venus Power Electronics Test Bench PAD1 PAD2 PAD3 PAD4 PAD9 PAD10 PAD11 PAD12 Each relay shown includes integrated voltage and current sensing with communication to the master SCADA PAB1 PAB2 PAB3 PAB4 Power Electronics AC Bus 4 Relay PAD5 PAD6 PAD7 PAD8 FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD DUT PAD13 PAD14 PAD15 PAD16 Device Under Test (DUT) AC Output Power Electronics AC Bus Device #8 AC Bus 1 Mars AC Bus 2 Mars AC Bus 3 Mars AC Bus 4 Mars ELGAR Grid Simulator #2 ESIF Design Integration RD&E for PV CSP Wind H2 Built environment Demand side tech Storage Smart grid Microgrids Indoor and outdoor labs and test beds Creating Unique National Assets High-power (2+ MW scale at 480V and 13kV) capability to test prototype hardware Renewable and efficiency hardwarein-the-loop testing of components and systems into full scale simulations of the distribution and transmission systems as well as the built environment Virtual utility operations and simulation dedicated to integration of RE and EE technologies at scale Smart grid testing and validation lab 400+ teraflop computer with petabyte data center dedicated to EE and RE 3 kw Load Bank 15 kw Load Bank Inverter #1

11 Hardware Validation and System Simulation Integration Hardware- State of the art and Systems-in-the-Loop electric systems simulation and visualization in an HPC environment Component and systems testing and validation at MWscale powers Integration of functioning systems with utility system simulations for realtime, real-power evaluation of high penetration scenarios Subdevelopment with PV at end of circuit Utility Substation Actual utility circuit model Inverter is replicated in 100 homes on circuit Visualization Interface Simulation and Visualization at ESIF HIL I/O Interface Load Banks PV Array Unit under test Grid Simulator Actual hardware at ESIF Integration of Transmission and Distribution Systems Operations Actual Hardware Distributed Generation Distribution Model Transmission Model Building Loads Grid Simulator Hardware/ Distribution Simulation Interface NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) Integration of actual and simulation distributed generation and local loads and the distribution system Distribution/ Transmission Interface PNNL Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center (EIOC) Managing the transmission and sub transmission networks of regional utilities ESIF will enable the development of the tools and techniques needed to actively manage the distribution system and have it reliably interface with the transmission system under high RE penetration scenarios.

12 Thanks!