TABLE OF CONTENTS. Copyright 2013 Innovative Research and Products (irap), Inc., Stamford, CT, USA

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...!! STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES... XXI REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY... XXI CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY... XXII SCOPE AND FORMAT... XXIII METHODOLOGY... XXIII INFORMATION SOURCES... XXIV WHOM THE STUDY CATERS TO... XXV AUTHOR S CREDENTIALS... XXVI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... xxviii SUMMARY TABLE - GLOBAL MARKET FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND XXXI SUMMARY FIGURE - ILLUSTRATION OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR ULTRACAPACITORS, BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND XXXII INDUSTRY OVERVIEW... 1 BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRACAPACITORS... 4 TYPES AND APPLICATIONS... 7 TABLE 1 - BROAD APPLICATION AREAS AND POSSIBLE ENERGY/POWER FUNCTIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS TABLE 2 - BROAD APPLICATION AREAS AND POPULARLY USED ULTRACAPACITORS MARKET DOMAINS TABLE 3 - APPLICATIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS BY MARKET DOMAIN STATIONARY ENERGY STORAGE Stationary Substation Battery Replacement Substation Battery Replacement for Long Duration Outages... 15

2 Mitigating Electric Service Voltage Fluctuations Produced by Pulsing Customer Loads Distributed Generation Wind Energy Storage Solar Power INDUSTRIAL ENERGY STORAGE Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) OEM Equipment OEM Equipment Retrofits Telecommunication Electric Fork Trucks TABLE 4 - BATTERY COST V/S ULTRACAPACITOR COST COMPARISON IN CLASS-1 LIFT TRUCKS Rubber-Tire Gantry Cranes (RTGCs) FIGURE 1 - TYPICAL LOAD CYCLE OF RUBBER-TIRED GANTRY CRANE Power Tools CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ENERGY STORAGE Computer Solid State Drives (SSDs) Mobile Phone Camera Flash and Power Management Automotive Meter Reading Other Consumer Applications Toys Home Appliances (Small UPS) Office Equipment Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN) FIGURE 2 -APPLICATION OF ULTRACAPACITORS IN VIBRATIONAL ENERGY HARVESTING WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORK MODULE... 31

3 TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE Distributed Power Power Actuators MARKET SEGMENTS Storage of Regenerated Braking Energy in HEVs, PHEVs, EVs Auto Engine Cranking Engines...69 Power Backup for Electromechanical Brakes of Hybrid Passenger Cars: Capture of Regenerated Braking Energy in Heavy Duty Trucks, Transit Buses and Delivery Vans: Capture of Regenerated Braking Energy in Electric Trains/Trams38 Boardnet Stabilization, 42V Distributed Pwer Modules in High End Cars...72 Integrated Starting Alternators...74 Integration With Fuel Cells...74 Integration with Battery-Hybrid Battery/Ultracapacitor Combination: FIGURE 3 -FUNCTIONING OF AN ULTRACAPACITOR USED WITH A BATTERY FIGURE 4 - FUNCTIONING OF AN ULTRACAPACITOR, BATTERY AND BUCK- BOOST CONVERTER IN REGENERATING BRAKING ENERGY IN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TABLE 5 - TARGET PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS DOE GUIDELINES Hybrid Battery/Ultracap Combination with Electric Steering, Electromechanical Braking, and LED Front Lighting: FIGURE 5 - ILLUSTRATION OF ULTRACAPACITORS USED IN A 42V SYSTEM TO MEET SPECIFICATIONS IN PASSENGER CARS LITHIUM BATTERIES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ULTRACAPACITORS COST AND BUSINESS ISSUES...47

4 COST ISSUES COST OF MATERIALS TABLE 6 - TYPICAL PRICE STRUCTURE OF LARGE-FORMAT ULTRACAPACITORS AND UNIT CELL COST COMPARISON CHALLENGE FROM LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES TABLE 7-COMPARISON OF ULTRACAPACITORS AND LI-ION BATTERIES51 CASE STUDY TAVRIMA CANADA INC MARKET SIZE AND SHARE TABLE 8 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND FIGURE 6- SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND STATIONARY ENERGY STORAGE TABLE 9 -GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS, BY CATEGORY OF STATIONARY APPLICATIONS.. 58 INDUSTRIAL ENERGY STORAGE TABLE 10 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY CATEGORY OF INDUSTRIAL ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ENERGY STORAGE TABLE 11 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS.. 61 TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE TABLE 12 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION IN TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE...62 KEY POINTS IN TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE AREAS FOR POTENTIAL GROWTH IN TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE. 63 Hybrid Transit Buses, Postal Vans, Urban Shuttles Delivery Vans and Heavy Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid cars... 65

5 Integrated Starting Alternators MARKET SIZE BY REGION TABLE 13 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY REGION, 2013 AND FIGURE 7 - REGIONAL PERCENTAGES OF MARKET SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS, 2013 AND MARKET SIZE BY ULTRACAPACITOR FORM FACTOR TABLE 14 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY SIZE, 2013 AND FIGURE 8 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY SIZE, 2013 AND MARKET SIZE BY TECHNOLOGY TABLE 15 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2013 AND FIGURE 9 - GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2013 AND ULTRACAPACITOR TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS DEFINITIONS BASIC ASPECTS OF ULTRACAPACITOR TECHNOLOGY ULTRACAPACITORS VS. BATTERIES Ultracapacitors vs. Lithium-Ion Batteries ULTRACAPACITORS VS. CAPACITORS TABLE 16 - COMPARISON OF ULTRACAPACITOR AND BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS FIGURE 10 - RAGONE PLOTS FOR AN ARRAY OF ENERGY STORAGE AND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS WORKING OF A TYPICAL SYMMETRIC EDLC (PURE EDLC USING AQUEOUS ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR)... 82

6 CURRENT MATERIALS FOR ULTRACAPACITORS TABLE 17 - CURRENT MATERIALS USED IN ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS (EDLCS) BY TECHNOLOGY, EMERGING MATERIALS: CARBON NANOTUBE ULTRACAPACITORS90 FIGURE 11- EMERGING MATERIALS STRATEGIES AIMED AT INCREASING CAPACITANCE AND VOLTAGE IN ULTRACAPACITORS TABLE 18 - EMERGING MATERIALS USED IN EDLCS SIZING OF ULTRACAPACITORS FIGURE 12 - INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDRICAL ULTRACAPACITOR SINGLE CELLS FIGURE 13 - ELECTRODE, SEPARATOR AND ELECTROLYTE INTERACTION IN A CYLINDRICAL ULTRACAPACITOR SIZING ACCORDING TO POWER Low Voltage (Less than 10V) FIGURE 14 - DIFFERENT FORM FACTORS OF COMMERCIAL ULTRACAPACITORS High Voltage (More than 10V) Very Low Voltage2.7 volt SIZING ACCORDING TO SHAPES Compact Cells TABLE 19 - TYPICAL SIZES OF COMPACT ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS Coin Type TABLE 20 - TYPICAL SIZES OF COIN ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS Large-Size Module ULTRACAPACITORS IN SERIES FIGURE 15 - ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS IN SERIES TO FORM A MODULE Modular Configurations

7 TABLE 21 - TYPICAL SIZES OF LARGE-SIZE MODULES OF ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS QUALIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR ULTRACAPACITORS INDUSTRY STRUCTURE TABLE 22 - ULTRACAPACITOR PRODUCT LINE REFERENCE, TABLE 23 - ULTRACAPACITORS-RELATED PARTS SUPPLIERS, MANUFACTURERS, SYSTEM INTEGRATORS PRODUCT LINE REFERENCE RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS MARKET DYNAMICS MARKET DYNAMICS IN THE TRANSPORT SEGMENT Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) Suppliers Small medium enterprises COMPETITION AND MARKET TRENDS ALLIANCES TABLE 24 - ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS OF COMPANIES MANUFACTURING ULTRACAPACITORS, 2009 TO JANUARY RANKING OF MARKET PLAYERS TABLE 25 TOP MANUFACTURERS OF ULTRACAPACITORS FOR TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE IN PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS LIST OF PATENTS ELECTRODE FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE WITH MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES METHOD OF PROCESSING HIGH VOLTAGE CAPACITORS ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

8 ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE HAVING A COLLECTOR PLATE METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE AND INORGANIC PLATELETS AND THEIR NANOCOMPOSITES SPACER-MODIFIED NANO GRAPHENE ELECTRODES FOR SUPERCAPACITORS METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SCALED INORGANIC PLATELETS PRODUCTION OF CHEMICALLY FUNCTIONALIZED NANO GRAPHENE MATERIALS MASS PRODUCTION OF PRISTINE NANO GRAPHENE MATERIALS PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DISPERSIBLE AND CONDUCTIVE NANO GRAPHENE PLATELETS FROM NON-OXIDIZED GRAPHITIC MATERIALS124 LOW-TEMPERATURE METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATELETS AND THEIR NANOCOMPOSITES PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DISPERSIBLE NANO GRAPHENE PLATELETS FROM OXIDIZED GRAPHITE METHOD OF CHARGING DOUBLE ELECTRIC LAYER ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS MULTI ELECTRODE SERIES CONNECTED ARRANGEMENT SUPERCAPACITOR CONDUCTIVE ELECTRODE USING CONDUCTING METAL OXIDE FILM WITH NETWORK STRUCTURE OF NANOGRAINS AND NANOPARTICLES, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF AND SUPERCAPACITOR USING THE SAME DRY PARTICLE BASED ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE PRODUCT METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN ELECTRODE OR CAPACITOR PRODUCT ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES WITH SEPARATOR BETWEEN ELECTRODES AND METHODS FOR FABRICATING THE DEVICES METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN ELECTRODE PRODUCT

9 CAPACITOR START-UP APPARATUS AND METHOD WITH FAIL-SAFE SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION GRAPHITE-CARBON COMPOSITE ELECTRODE FOR SUPERCAPACITORS128 METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE AND INORGANIC PLATELETS AND THEIR NANOCOMPOSITES PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATELET NANOCOMPOSITE ELECTRODES FOR SUPERCAPACITORS ELECTRODE FOR USE WITH DOUBLE ELECTRIC LAYER ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS HAVING HIGH SPECIFIC PARAMETERS POWER SUPPLY THAT USES A SUPERCAPACITIVE DEVICE ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE THERMAL INTERCONNECTS FOR COUPLING ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES METHOD FOR FABRICATING SELF-ALIGNING ELECTRODE MULTI ELECTRODE SERIES CONNECTED ARRANGEMENT SUPERCAPACITOR METHOD OF PRODUCING EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE, FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE, AND NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATELETS ACTIVE VOLTAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE ULTRACAPACITOR ELECTRODE WITH CONTROLLED SULFUR CONTENT133 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CURRENT COLLECTOR FOR A DOUBLE ELECTRIC LAYER CAPACITOR DRY PARTICLE BASED ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE PRODUCT PARTICLE BASED ELECTRODES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATELETS WITH A HIGH LENGTH-TO-WIDTH ASPECT RATIO TERMINAL CONNECTOR

10 MASS PRODUCTION OF NANO-SCALED PLATELETS AND PRODUCTS CONTINIOUS PRODUCTION OF EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE COMPOSITE COMPOSITIONS AND FLOW FIELD PLATES NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODES METHOD OF MAKING AND ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE FOR AN ULTRACAPACITOR ELECTRODE APPARATUS HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATE NANOCOMPOSITES ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE HAVING A SEPARATOR BLOCKING PARASITIC IONS THERMAL INTERCONNECTION FOR CAPACITOR SYSTEMS SELF ALIGNING ELECTRODE COUPLING OF CELL TO HOUSING WET ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR POWER SUPPLY ELECTRODE FOR ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR (EDLC), MANUFACTURING METHOD, EDKLC AND CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE CURRENT COLLECTOR FOR A DOUBLE ELECTRIC LAYER CAPACITOR ELECTRODE AND CURRENT COLLECTOR FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR WET ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS METHOD OF MAKING, APPARATUS, AND ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURING FOR AN ELECTRODE TERMINATION CONTACT INTERFACE

11 ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR, CONTROL METHOD THEREOF, AND ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM USING THE SAME PROCESS OF PRODUCING ACTIVATED CARBON FOR ELECTRODE OF ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR METHOD OF MAKING A MULTI-ELECTRODE DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR HAVING HERMETIC ELECTROLYTE SEAL ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR UTILIZING A MULTI-LAYER ELECTRODE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR AND ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION THEREFOR ULTRACAPACITOR MODULE ASSEMBLY DESIGN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM DENSIFICATION OF COMPRESSIBLE LAYERS DURING ELECTRODE LAMINATION CHARGE STORAGE DEVICE COMPOSITION FOR POLYELECTROLYTES, POLYELECTROLYTES, EDLC AND NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY CELLS ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR PRETREATED POROUS ELECTRODE ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR ELECTROLYTE FOR AN ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE PATENT ANALYSIS TABLE 26 - NUMBER OF US PATENTS GRANTED TO COMPANIES IN THE ULTRACAPACITOR (EDLC) DESIGN CATEGORY FROM 2008 THROUGH DECEMBER FIGURE 16 - NUMBER OF US PATENTS GRANTED TO TOP COMPANIES IN THE ULTRACAPACITOR (EDLC) DESIGN CATEGORY FROM 2008 THROUGH DECEMBER

12 INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW OF U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN ULTRACAPACITORS TABLE 27 - NUMBER OF US PATENTS GRANTED FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY ASSIGNED COUNTRY/REGION FROM JANUARY 2008 THROUGH DECEMBER METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRODE PLATE GROUP UNIT FOR LITHIUM-ION CAPACITOR, AND LITHIUM-ION CAPACITOR CONDUCTIVE GRAPHENE POLYMER BINDER FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL ELECTRODES MASS PRODUCTION OF PRISTINE NANO GRAPHENE MATERIALS MESOPOROUS METAL OXIDE GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITE GRAPHENE/RU NANO-COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR SUPERCAPACITOR AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF ULTRACAPACITORS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING METHOD FOR PREPARING GRAPHENE-BASED FLEXIBLE SUPER CAPACITOR AND ELECTRODE MATERIAL THEREOF ELECTRODE MATERIAL AND CAPACITOR ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR GRAPHENE/RU NANO-COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR SUPERCAPACITOR AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF COMPANY PROFILES ADA TECHNOLOGIES, INC ADVANCED CAPACITOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (ACT JAPAN) AMERICAN SHIZUKI CORPORATION (ASC CAPACITORS) ANGLIA COMPONENTS LTD VINA TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD./VINATECH KOREA WIMA YUNASKO LTD

13 START MATERIAL SUPPLIERS ANGSTRON MATERIALS INC Y-CARBON, INC

14 LIST OF TABLES SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND XXXI TABLE 1 BROAD APPLICATION AREAS AND POSSIBLE ENERGY/POWER FUNCTIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS TABLE 2 BROAD APPLICATION AREAS AND POPULARLY USED ULTRACAPACITORS TABLE 3 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS BY MARKET DOMAIN 12 TABLE 4 BATTERY COST V/S ULTRACAPACITOR COST COMPARISON IN CLASS-1 LIFT TRUCKS TABLE 5 TARGET PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS DOE GUIDELINES TABLE 6 TYPICAL PRICE STRUCTURE OF LARGE-FORMAT ULTRACAPACITORS AND UNIT CELL TABLE 7 COMPARISON OF ULTRACAPACITORS AND LI-ION BATTERIES 51 TABLE 8 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY CATEGORY OF STATIONARY APPLICATIONS TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY CATEGORY OF INDUSTRIAL ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION IN TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE... 62

15 TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY REGION, 2013 AND TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY SIZE, 2013 AND TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2013 AND TABLE 16 COMPARISON OF ULTRACAPACITOR AND BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 17 CURRENT MATERIALS USED IN ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS (EDLCS) BY TECHNOLOGY, TABLE 18 EMERGING MATERIALS USED IN EDLCS TABLE 19 TYPICAL SIZES OF COMPACT ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS TABLE 20 TYPICAL SIZES OF COIN ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS TABLE 21 TYPICAL SIZES OF LARGE-SIZE MODULES OF ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS TABLE 22 ULTRACAPACITOR PRODUCT LINE REFERENCE, TABLE 23 ULTRACAPACITORS-RELATED PARTS SUPPLIERS, MANUFACTURERS, SYSTEM INTEGRATORS PRODUCT LINE REFERENCE TABLE 24 ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS OF COMPANIES MANUFACTURING ULTRACAPACITORS, 2009 TO JANUARY TABLE 25 TOP MANUFACTURERS OF ULTRACAPACITORS FOR TRANSPORT ENERGY STORAGE IN TABLE 26 NUMBER OF US PATENTS GRANTED TO COMPANIES IN THE ULTRACAPACITOR (EDLC) DESIGN CATEGORY FROM 2008 THROUGH DECEMBER TABLE 27 NUMBER OF US PATENTS GRANTED FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY ASSIGNED COUNTRY/REGION FROM JANUARY 2008 THROUGH DECEMBER

16 LIST OF FIGURES SUMMARY FIGURE - ILLUSTRATION OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR ULTRACAPACITORS, BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND XXXII FIGURE 1 TYPICAL LOAD CYCLE OF RUBBER-TIRED GANTRY CRANE FIGURE 2 APPLICATION OF ULTRACAPACITORS IN VIBRATIONAL ENERGY HARVESTING WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORK MODULE FIGURE 3 FUNCTIONING OF AN ULTRACAPACITOR USED WITH A BATTERY FIGURE 4 FUNCTIONING OF AN ULTRACAPACITOR, BATTERY AND BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER IN REGENERATING BRAKING ENERGY IN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS FIGURE 5 ILLUSTRATION OF ULTRACAPACITORS USED IN A 42V SYSTEM TO MEET SPECIFICATIONS IN PASSENGER CARS FIGURE 6 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY APPLICATION, 2013 AND FIGURE 7 REGIONAL PERCENTAGES OF MARKET SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS, 2013 AND FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY SIZE, 2013 AND FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE/PERCENTAGE SHARE FOR ULTRACAPACITORS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2013 AND FIGURE 10 RAGONE PLOTS FOR AN ARRAY OF ENERGY STORAGE AND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES FIGURE 11 EMERGING MATERIALS STRATEGIES AIMED AT INCREASING CAPACITANCE AND VOLTAGE IN ULTRACAPACITORS FIGURE 12 INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDRICAL ULTRACAPACITOR SINGLE CELLS... 96

17 FIGURE 13 ELECTRODE, SEPARATOR AND ELECTROLYTE INTERACTION IN A CYLINDRICAL ULTRACAPACITOR FIGURE 14 DIFFERENT FORM FACTORS OF COMMERCIAL ULTRACAPACITORS FIGURE 15 ULTRACAPACITOR CELLS IN SERIES TO FORM A MODULE FIGURE 16 NUMBER OF US PATENTS GRANTED TO TOP COMPANIES IN THE ULTRACAPACITOR (EDLC) DESIGN CATEGORY FROM 2008 THROUGH DECEMBER

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