NHTSA Vehicle Safety Research Efforts UMTRI Automotive Safety Conference February 16, 2011

Transcription

1 NHTSA Vehicle Safety Research Efforts 2011 UMTRI Automotive Safety Conference February 16, 2011

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3 NHTSA s Missions Safety Save lives, prevent injuries and reduce economic costs due to road traffic and non-traffic crashes through education, research, safety standards and enforcement activity. Consumer Programs Increase fuel economy, damageability protection, and theft protection, reduce odometer tampering, and provide consumer information. 3

4 Fatality 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, , Data - Fatalities and Fatality Rate, by Year Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100M VMT Fatality Rate

5 2009 Data - People Injured and Injury Rate, by Year Persons Injured 4,000,000 Injury Rate 200 3,000, ,000, ,000, Persons Injured

6 2009 Data - VMT and Fatality and Injury Rates Estimated VMT increased Fatality and Injury Rates per 100M VMT Measure Change % Change Fatality Rate % Injury Rate % Source: FARS, GES, and FHWA VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled (in Millions) Measure Change % Change VMT 2,973,509 2,979,321 +5, % Source: FHWA, 2009 is an estimate from FHWA s April 2010 TVT FHWA will update VMT later in 2011 Fatality and injury rates declined 6

7 2009 Data - Overall Statistics Fatalities Motorists and Non-occupants Killed in Traffic Crashes Description Change % Change Total* 37,423 33,808-3, % Motorists Killed in Passenger Vehicles 25,462 23,382-2, % Passenger Cars 14,646 13,095-1,551-11% Light Trucks 10,816 10, % Large Trucks % Motorcycles 5,312 4, % Non-occupants Killed Pedestrians 4,414 4, % Pedalcyclists % Other/Unknown Source: FARS 2008 [Final], 2009 Annual Report File [ARF] * Total includes occupants of buses and other/unknown vehicles not shown in table 7

8 Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes 2009 Front 24% Side 12% Rear 3% Other 1% Multi- Vehicle 40% Non- Occupant 14% Single Vehicle Non- Rollover 24% Single Vehicle Rollover 22% Front 15% Side 5% Rear <1% Other 3% Passenger Car 8% Light Truck 12% Large Truck 1% All Other Vehicles 1% Pedestrian 12% Pedalcyclist 2% 8

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10 Strategic Planning Process Data Drives Priorities Develop 3 year NVS Priority Plan -And- Develop 3-5 year & longer- term Research Plans 10

11 Crash Avoidance PRE - CRASH Crashworthiness CRASH EVENT POST- CRASH 11

12 Crash Avoidance NORMAL DRIVING CRASH IMMINENT Crashworthiness CRASH EVENT POST- CRASH 12

13 Crash Avoidance NORMAL DRIVING CRASH IMMINENT Crashworthiness CRASH EVENT POST- CRASH PASSENGER CARS/TRUCKS Driver Distraction Driver Support Systems Blind Spot Detection Alcohol Detection Drowsy Driver Detection Forward Crash Warning Lane Departure Warning Automatic Braking Lane Keeping V2V & V2I. Advanced Airbags Dynamic Rollover Oblique/Off-set Frontal Adaptive Restraints Child Side Impact Elderly Occupants. Auto Crash Notification Advanced ACN Medical Outcome (CIREN) First Responder Safety HEAVY VEHICLES - Truck/Bus Driver Distraction Drowsy Driver Detection Enhanced Vision Systems Blind Spot Detection ESC/RSC Forward Collision Warning Lane Change Warning V2V & V2I Underride Electronic Data Recorders ACN? MOTORCYCLES Conspicuity ABS/CBS V2V Helmet Use Airbags ACN? PEDESTRIANS Quiet Car Detection Lighting Systems for Peds Pedestrian Warning Automatic Braking P2V GTR Hoods / Bumpers ACN? 13

14 Crash Avoidance NORMAL DRIVING CRASH IMMINENT Crashworthiness CRASH EVENT POST- CRASH PASSENGER CARS/TRUCKS Driver Distraction Driver Support Systems Blind Spot Detection Alcohol Detection Drowsy Driver Detection Forward Crash Warning Lane Departure Warning Automatic Braking Lane Keeping V2V & V2I. Advanced Airbags Dynamic Rollover Oblique/Off-set Frontal Adaptive Restraints Child Side Impact Elderly Occupants. Auto Crash Notification Advanced ACN Medical Outcome (CIREN) First Responder Safety HEAVY VEHICLES - Truck/Bus Driver Distraction Drowsy Driver Detection Enhanced Vision Systems Blind Spot Detection ESC/RSC Forward Collision Warning Lane Change Warning V2V & V2I Underride Electronic Data Recorders ACN? MOTORCYCLES Conspicuity ABS/CBS V2V Helmet Use Airbags ACN? PEDESTRIANS Quiet Car Detection Lighting Systems for Peds Pedestrian Warning Automatic Braking P2V GTR Hoods / Bumpers ACN? BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES Charging Safety Lithium Ion Battery Shut-Down Strategies Lithium Ion Battery Electrical Isolation First Responder Safety ELECTRONICS RELIABILITY & SECURITY Fail-Safe Strategies Software Reliability Fault Detection & Reporting & HMI Control System Management Strategies & HMI Control System Management Strategies Electronic Data Recorders 14

15 Crash Avoidance NORMAL DRIVING CRASH IMMINENT Crashworthiness CRASH EVENT POST- CRASH PASSENGER CARS/TRUCKS Driver Distraction Driver Support Systems Blind Spot Detection Alcohol Detection Drowsy Driver Detection Forward Crash Warning Lane Departure Warning Automatic Braking Lane Keeping V2V & V2I. Advanced Airbags Dynamic Rollover Oblique/Off-set Frontal Adaptive Restraints Child Side Impact Elderly Occupants. Auto Crash Notification Advanced ACN Medical Outcome (CIREN) First Responder Safety HEAVY VEHICLES - Truck/Bus Driver Distraction Drowsy Driver Detection Enhanced Vision Systems Blind Spot Detection ESC/RSC Forward Collision Warning Lane Change Warning V2V & V2I Underride Electronic Data Recorders ACN? MOTORCYCLES Conspicuity ABS/CBS V2V Helmet Use Airbags ACN? PEDESTRIANS Quiet Car Detection Lighting Systems for Peds Pedestrian Warning Automatic Braking P2V Pedestrian Impact Hoods / Bumpers ACN? BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES Charging Safety Lithium Ion Battery Shut-Down Strategies Lithium Ion Battery Electrical Isolation First Responder Safety ELECTRONICS RELIABILITY & SECURITY Fail-Safe Strategies Software Reliability Fault Detection & Reporting & HMI Control System Management Strategies & HMI Control System Management Strategies Electronic Data Recorders 15

16 Crash Avoidance Systems Connected Vehicles Driver Support Systems Distraction Alcohol Quiet Cars Pedestrian Crash Avoidance Heavy Vehicle Electronic Control Safety 16

17 Crash Avoidance Systems Reduce or eliminate crashes thru: Driver Advisories Driver Warnings Vehicle Control Relying on Radar and Camera Vision Systems Blind Spot Monitoring and Alert Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Braking Lane Departure Warning and Lane Keeping Being Deployed Now 17

18 Crashes of all Severities 2007 GES Vehicle Based Crash Avoidance Systems are being introduced, which can address a portion of Crash Scenarios Others 25 % Crossing Paths Lane Departure Warning Stability Control 23 % Off Roadway 9 % Lane Change Blind Spot Detection 28 % Rear-End Forward Crash Warning Mitigation Braking 18

19 Crashes of all Severities 2007 GES Communicative Crash Avoidance Systems can address 82% of Crash Scenarios involving unimpaired drivers Head-on Collision Avoidance Curve Speed Warning Lane Keeping Lane Departure Warning Stability Control 23 % Off Roadway Others 25 % Crossing Paths 9 % Lane Change Intersection Movement Assist Stop Sign & Signal Violation Warnings Lane change and merge assist Blind Spot Detection 28 % Rear-End Avoidance Braking Forward Crash Warning Mitigation Braking 19

20 Connected Vehicle Program A national, multi-modal surface transportation system that features a connected transportation environment among vehicles, the infrastructure, and portable devices to serve the public good by leveraging technology to maximize safety, mobility and environmental performance V2V for Safety Connected Vehicles V2I for Safety Mobility Applications Traffic Management Environmental Information and a suite of targeted research and development initiatives that support cross-modal ITS solutions 20

21 V2V - It s All About Connectivity Opportunity for Safer Driving Greater situational awareness Your vehicle can see nearby vehicles and knows roadway conditions you can t see Reduce or eliminate crashes thru: Driver Advisories Driver Warnings Vehicle Control Opportunity for Greater Mobility & Efficiency Connected Vehicles have the potential to address 82% of the vehicle crash scenarios involving unimpaired drivers Create an information-rich environment for multi-modal transportation solutions. Enable environmental management through V2I capability 21

22 Interoperability & Security Infrastructure Certificate Authority V2V Application Safety Implementing a Functional Safety Program for applications that may impact vehicle control systems V2V Security Effects of both malicious and inadvertent erroneous data 2-way secure communications Node 2-way secure communications Infrastructure Nodes Certificate renewals / reloads Certificate revocation list distribution Misbehavior reporting 22

23 NHTSA Distraction Program Eliminate Crashes Due to Distraction Initiative 1 Initiative 2 Initiative 3 Initiative 4 Improve the Understandin g of the Problem Reduce Workload from Interfaces Keep Drivers Safe Recognize Risks and Consequences Data Approach Vehicle Approaches Behavioral Approach 23

24 Driver Monitoring and Support Systems Mercedes Attention Assist analyzes vehicle behavior (e.g., steering and more) to determine if drivers are alert and provides an alert if the drivers are inattentive. Volvo Driver Alert Control analyzes lane position and other factors to determine if drivers are fatigued and provides and alert. Lexus Driver Monitoring System monitors drivers head position and uses this information to adjust collision warning and pre-collision systems NHTSA Distraction Monitoring Can similar algorithms detect and warn distracted drivers? Inattentive drivers? 24

25 DADSS -Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety End Goal: A noninvasive, seamless technology to measure driver BAC and reduce the incidence of drunk driving Development undertaken as a step-by-step, data-driven process to ensure that effective technologies are developed Devices are intended to prevent alcohol-impaired drivers (BAC 0.08) from driving their vehicles Five-year, cooperative program between NHTSA and Industry intended to support a non-regulatory, market-based approach to preventing drunk driving 25

26 Quieter Cars and the Safety of Pedestrians Research Goal: Examine Quieter Cars risk for pedestrians, identify possible countermeasures; and review their potential effectiveness and acceptability. Activities: Phase 1 Completed 3/2009 Phase 2 Completed 12/2010 Phase 3 Beginning Spring 2011 Support Rulemaking as per Congressional mandate Overall A-weighted Sound Pressure Level at Various Locations Cottage Farm Ambient 1 Volpe Center Ambient 2 26

27 Pedestrian Crash Avoidance Mitigation (PCAM) Identify the top pedestrian crash scenarios Assess current and nearterm (within 5 years) forward-looking Develop objective test procedures

28 Heavy Vehicle Research (tractor-trailers, straight trucks, buses) Crash Avoidance Main focus Stability Control Forward Collision Warning with Active Braking Vision Enhancement Departmental Motorcoach Plan Crash avoidance technology V2V Safety for Commercial Heavy Vehicles 28

29 Vehicle Electronics Research Activities Migrating to Fundamental Vehicle Controls Can provide increased functionality for customer ABS, ESC, Brake Assist, Crash-Imminent-Braking Electronic Throttle & Torque Control Electric Power Steering Assist, Active Steering Inter-Vehicle Communications Antenna Seat Belt Pre-tensioner Heads-up Display Vision System Camera Forward Radar Sensors Infrared Camera GPS Antenna Electronic Stability Control Side Camera & Radar Brake Assist 29

30 Electronic Control Systems Reliability Fail Safe Strategies Diagnostic Strategies and Trouble Codes Software strategies and Validation Requirements Hardware and System Validation Electromagnetic Compatibility Cybersecurity On-board tamper-proofing Hacking and malicious external control Human/Machine Interface Shared control Transitional Control Control failure warning and notification 30

31 Research Needs Potential Future Crash Avoidance Topics CA or Near-Miss Data Sets & Mining Tools Accelerated Deployment of Crash Avoidance Technologies Minimizing Driver Distraction & Workload Deployment of Connected Vehicles & Roads Reliability and Security of Electronic Control Systems Semi-Autonomous Driving Other ideas. 31

32 Low Offset/Oblique Frontal Dynamic Rollover Child Safety Side Impact Lithium Ion Battery Safety Advanced Restraints Countermeasures for lightweighted vehicles Advanced Automatic Crash Notification 32

33 Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes 2009 Front 24% Side 12% Rear 3% Other 1% Multi- Vehicle 40% Non- Occupant 14% Single Vehicle Non- Rollover 24% Single Vehicle Rollover 22% Front 15% Side 5% Rear <1% Other 3% Passenger Car 8% Light Truck 12% Large Truck 1% All Other Vehicles 1% Pedestrian 12% Pedalcyclist 2% 33

34 Fatalities in Frontal Crashes Despite Seat Belts and Air Bags NASS fatalities for model year vehicles where occupant was restrained Vulnerable Occupant, 12% Tall Narrow Object, 3% Other, 7% Severe, 40% Underride, 14% Oblique, 11% Corner, 10% Corner Oblique, 3% 34

35 Oblique - Vehicle-to-Vehicle Vehicle-to-vehicle tests able to reproduce real-world crashes Oblique Offset Example CIREN case Crash Test 35

36 Moving Deformable Barrier Test Procedure Small Overlap Overlap 15% Angle 7 degrees Theoretical DV = 30 mph THOR-NT Dummy Small Overlap Example NASS case Crash Test 36

37 THOR-NT Dummy THOR provides improved biofidelity and measurement capability Highlights: Improved head/neck design allow for more biofidelic head kinematics and neck injury assessment Enhanced multi-point chest and abdomen instrumentation for improved evaluations of advanced restraints and steering wheel and belt interactions More biofidelic knee, femur and hip to assess lower extremity injury Multi-point Chest & Abdomen Deflection THOR-LX Lower Leg Acetabular Load Cell 37

38 Dynamic Rollover Protection Rollover Restraints Measure occupant motion with different restraint Laboratory and full scale rollover testing Dynamic Test Development Multi year contract Study rollover crash environment Understand occupant injury mechanisms Evaluate test methods and ATD kinematics Agency Decision

39 UVA/NHTSA Research Collaboration August 2009-July 2014 Repeatability Fidelity to Rollover Crash Conditions Assessment of the Injury Risks to Occupants Common and Severe Conditions Identify Potential Benefit Occupant Response Vehicle Crashworthiness Analytical Epidemiological Rollover Testing Computational Goal: Rollover Test Method to evaluate countermeasures Injury Biomechanics Experimental Vehicle Dynamics 39

40 Heavy Truck Underride Research from belt and bag report FMVSS 223 and 224 Obtaining new fleet data Continues to be significant problem NVS team effort ~1 year research program 40

41 Advanced Restraints CAMP ARS demonstrated tailored restraints to occupant size and coupled with assumed pre-crash information resulted in improved overall occupant performance. Dual stage load limiter Programmable Vent Module Lap and shoulder belt pretensioners

42 CRS Side Impact Test Development Sled velocity 20 mph, based on small vehicle FMVSS 214 tests Sled pulse ½ sine with peak ~28g Sled impact angle range from 0 o - 20 o Sled on Sled test design 42

43 Lithium-Ion Vehicles: Hybrid Electric (HEV), Plug-in/Range Extended Hybrids (PHEV), Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) ( ) 2009 Mercedes S400 Hybrid 43

44 Battery Vehicles Research Activities Battery / Electric Vehicles Lithium Ion safety Cell level thermal runaway Pack level overheating & venting Vehicle level crash/crush Controls Safety Monitors cell/pack health, SOC, etc Communicates through CANBus Hardware reliability? Software reliability? 44

45 Simulations for Lightweighted Safety Develop simulation tool to evaluate crash safety for future lightweighted vehicles Demonstrate safety countermeasures for lightweight vehicles for future research Utilize finite element models for existing and future lightweight vehicles Report Final Design Confirmation Benchmark Technology Assessment Gauge Optimization Design Confirmation Detail Design Linear-Static Topology Optimization Non-Linear Dynamic Topology Optimization (LF3G) 45

46 Advanced Automatic Crash Notification - AACN Crash information transmitted from AACN systems to the appropriate response/medical personnel has the potential to significantly improve outcomes of crash victims Areas of expected benefits: Faster emergency response given earlier notification and knowledge of crash location Improved pre-hospital response/care and hospital dispatch decisions (community hospital vs. trauma center, e.g.) given knowledge of crash severity and a probability of severe injury Probability of severe injury estimated using predictive algorithms CDC Expert Panel on AACN recommended using delta V, belt use, crash direction, multiple impacts, and vehicle type as inputs to algorithm?? 46 46

47 Biomechanics - Key Programs Anthropometric Test Device Research (crash dummies) Vulnerable Occupant Injury Analysis Computer Aided Engineering CIREN Program 47

48 WorldSID Dummy Conduct fleet evaluation with WorldSID Test Matrix consist of current MY vehicles certified to the FMVSS 214 pole Testing ongoing with 50%th Future testing planned with WorldSID 5 th WorldSID Dummy development Ongoing as part of an international collaborative effort Developing dummy family with 50 th and 5%th 48

49 Future Advanced Child Dummies Rulemaking/Research Priority Plan includes agency decision on advanced child dummies Experimental testing and modeling being done together to develop new biofidelity requirements that will be used to evaluate existing and develop new advanced child dummies 49

50 Older Occupant Research Efforts Well-established finding that older occupants have greater thoracic injury risk in frontal crash Analysis of NASS-CDS and CIREN data to determine effects of age on injury risk In different crash modes By body region and anatomical structure Young thorax Older thorax 50

51 CIREN Focused Multidisciplinary Research Advanced Crash Data + State-of-the-Art Medical Data = Improved Engineering 51

52 Developing Brain Rotational Injury Criterion (BRIC) Use validated human brain FE model (SIMon) Use side impact tests with ES-2 dummy and frontal impact tests with HIII dummy Run SIMon and calculate cumulative strain damage measures (CSDMs) Correlate to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) 2011 ESV Paper PAC and CSF layer Blood vessels Brainstem Cerebrum Falx Ventricles Tentorium Cerebellum 52

53 Research Needs Potential Future Crashworthiness Topics Accelerated dummy development Improved computer modeling capabilities Crash avoidance sensing information for adaptive restraints Adaptive restraints for vulnerable occupants Methods to improve belt use Other ideas. 53

54 Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Program Purpose International Technical Conference organized by participating Governments from Asia Pacific, Europe, and North America to share and discuss latest vehicle safety research technologies. Objective Each participating Government to host the conference on a rotational basis bi-annually. NHTSA sponsors the conference with leadership responsibility for technical program planning by the Office of Vehicle Safety Research (VSR). A Student Safety Technology Design Competition was introduced in 2005 to encourage young scientists to take part in sharing their vehicle safety research innovations. Conference participation has reached over 1,000 attendees and exhibitors with expectations for future growth. 54

55 THANK YOU 55