400/230 Volt 60Hz UPS Power
|
|
- Naomi Arnold
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 olt 60Hz Power Using ual Voltage standby generation and in one Nothing protects quite like Piller
2 Contents 1 Abstract Introduction Alternative Power istribution Integrating in a 400 V distribution Supplying Essential Loads in a 400 V distribution Integrated power supply of Critical and Essential loads Summary References
3 1 Abstract Within data centers the power used for operating the facility, running IT loads and cooling is the largest expense. With power densities continuing to rise, overall efficiency is still a major issue especially as power cost increases as well. The more the power density per rack raises the more floor space needs to be allocated for power supply components like PUs, breakers and cabling. The power distribution through the building to the IT loads contains several power lines, converters and transformers. Each components losses require equivalent cooling which consumes additional power. Reducing the number of components and operating IT equipment at 400 V will save floor space and will result in greater efficiency and reduced electrical costs. The resulting alternative power distribution allows different ways of integrating modules including the power distribution for the short break loads. A special kind of ual Output iesel Rotary with two output voltages integrates the power supply of critical and essential loads in one unit and additionally reduces upfront capital costs, infrastructure and floor space. 3
4 2 Introduction To understand this new approach to power distribution inside United States data centers, it helps to look at the current standard distribution systems first. The power delivered to most large commercial buildings and IT facilities is either 3-phase or medium voltage 3-phase. In case of a medium voltage feeder the voltage needs to be transformed down to which is the typical voltage level for the facilities internal power distribution. The voltage is 480 V line-to-line and 277 V line-to-neutral with a frequency of, like it is shown in Figure 1. N Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Neutral 277 V 277 V 480 V 480 V 277 V 480 V Figure 1: used for power distribution inside a facility Switch-mode power supplies inside IT equipment typically operate within a voltage range of 100 V to 240 V single-phase, so the voltage level of the power distributed inside the facility is not suitable for this type of equipment. The voltage must be stepped down before it can be fed to the power supplies inside the computer racks. This is achieved by routing the power through an isolation transformer located inside a Power istribution Unit (PU) where it is transformed from to 208/120 V 3-phase, as outlined in Figure 2. -Transformer PU-Transformer Feeder Facility istribution IT istribution 3x AC 3x 208/120 VAC Phase X Phase Z N Phase Y Line X 120 V 208 V 208 V Line Y 120 V 208 V Line Z 120 V Neutral 208 V 120 V Figure 2: 208/120 V standard power distribution for IT equipment 4
5 From the PU, power is typically distributed in three ways: VAC single-phase (line-to-neutral) VAC single-phase (line-to-line) VAC 3-phase (for further distribution before being split into single phases) In the past it was not practical to consider alternative voltage levels for the power distribution because a significant fraction of IT equipment operated from 120 V. But in modern high density data centers most switch-mode power supplies for IT devices are designed for worldwide compatibility and do accept both low-line voltages V and high-line voltages V. So having 120 V available in the rack might be useful to power some legacy devices but should be of no importance in modern data centers. Considering the fact that running the devices at the higher voltages will increase efficiencies by approximately 2 to 3.5% [1], feeding the power supplies with 208 V or higher should be the preferred solution. 5
6 3 Alternative Power istribution As mentioned before virtually all IT equipment manufactured today is designed for worldwide compatibility. This means that it can operate with the North American 208/120 V voltage system, which is also used in Japan, as well as with the European voltage system. Mentioning only two voltage systems takes into account that many derivates like 380/220 V or 415/240 V are already included within the typical tolerance of ±10% related to these standard voltage levels. It is obvious that data centers using the European voltage level of do not need any PU transformers because they can feed the 230 V line-to-neutral directly to the IT devices, like it is shown in Figure 3. -Transformer Feeder Facility + IT istribution 3x AC Line V 400 V N Phase 1 Phase 2 Line 2 Line V 230 V 400 V 400 V 230 V Phase 3 Neutral Figure 3: distribution directly feeding the IT equipment Since all kind of IT equipment uses switch-mode power supplies it operates independently of the frequency of the supply voltage and can be used in 50 Hz and voltage systems as well. Looking at the data sheets of power supplies like the HP ProLiant L380 G5 shows, that operating rack-level equipment at 230 V vs. 208 V will result in up to 1% efficiency gain, and the efficiency gain will be up to 3% compared to equipment that is still running at 120 V. 6
7 The difference between and the typical US Baseline System becomes readily apparent when the power capacity for a three-phase branch circuit is calculated. Assuming that the feeding circuit is designed for 20 A, the power capacity of a 208/120 V circuit is 7.2 kva, while the power capacity of a circuit is 13.8 kva. So based on the same circuit current rating, the distribution is able to provide 92% more power than the 208/120 V distribution. This almost doubles the power density capability per rack without the need of changing the diameter of the cabling of the distribution network. Regarding the overall cabling losses it also needs to be considered that the currents in the main distribution network rise by 20% changing the voltage from 480 V to 400 V. This slightly reduces the positive effect of the above mentioned raised power capability in the branch circuits. Even more important than the cost, size and weight savings in wiring is the elimination of the PU transformers. In a North American data center utilizing high density racks approximately 20-30% of the floor space and the total weight on the high raised floor is consumed by the PUs. Realizing that this impact is lower using racks with less density, the new power distribution system with higher voltages and no PU transformers becomes even more important as the power density of the racks increases. As important as the savings in space and weight are the savings of energy by leaving out the PU transformers. This results in an additional efficiency gain of 1.5% to 2%, based on the typical Energy Star efficiency guideline for PU transformers. Eliminating the PU transformers also leads to increased fault current levels down to the branch breaker level. The positive effect of having this high short circuit current capability is the ability to clear any fault in the branch circuits within a few milliseconds and therefore without effecting the remaining loads. But the increased short circuit currents also need to be considered regarding breaker selection and tuning to guarantee proper electrical discrimination. So considering a modern data center which devices already run at 208 V and which utilizes highly efficient PU transformers the energy savings by changing the distribution voltage to can be expected to be between 2.5% and 3%, but can raise up to 7% if devices are still running at 120 V and less efficient equipment is used. Savings in space, cabling, material and cooling need to be considered additionally and show the high potential of overall savings coming with the change to a distribution. 7
8 4 Integrating in a 400 V distribution Even though the system is very common outside Northern America, standard 400 V units can not be used in the United States. The reason for this is that the standard comes with a frequency of 50 Hz, which is significantly different to the mains frequency in the US. So the distribution voltage needed for North American data centers is, a combination of voltage and frequency which is not a standard, but which easily can be generated from the existing mains by using transformers. There are two basic ways to implement a in such a distribution system: 1. Using a standard 480 V and add an autotransformer to its output to convert the voltage to 400 V. 2. Using a special 400 V with no need for an additional transformer downstream. On the first sight solution #1 seems to be the most convenient because standard 480 V units can be used. But it adds another transformer to the distribution network, which has just been removed. Nevertheless this can still be considered to be an advantage because of the low voltage difference that allows the utilization of autotransformers. This kind of transformer has a much better efficiency and requires less space than the isolation transformers required for the PUs. But the chance to get a distribution network without additional transformers and to avoid their losses, costs and space requirements is still worth being considered. First of all this requires modules that are designed to operate with 400 V. This should not be a serious problem for the manufacturers and so the remaining question is where to get the feeding 400 V from. In case of a 480 V feeder from the utility there again an extra autotransformer is needed to convert the 480 V to 400 V. But, in contrast to place a transformer downstream the, an upstream transformer, like it is shown in Figure 4, can be designed much bigger to feed multiple units, which comes along with a much better efficiency than an autotransformer for a single unit would have. Additionally an upstream transformer has no influence on the s short circuit capability and simplifies the design of the downstream distribution network. 8
9 Figure 4: Moving the transformer upstream the can increase the overall efficiency and simplifies the downstream distribution A medium voltage feeder, like it is common for large data centers with a power consumption above 5 A, allows the generation of 400 V 60Hz without any additional transformers by just using an transformer with 400 V secondary voltage. Figure 5 shows the design simplification as a result of this. Figure 5: A 2 nd transformer becomes unnecessary in case of a 400V feeder So this would be the optimal condition to realize a highly efficient and reliable power distribution for data centers in the world. 9
10 5 Supplying Essential Loads in a 400 V distribution The term Essential Loads describes the type of equipment that is essentially necessary to run a data center but which is less sensitive to power outages than the critical IT loads. In case of a mains outage these short-break or mechanical loads like chillers and pumps for cooling purposes will typically be supplied by iesel generators after a short power interruption of approximately 15 seconds. They are normally directly fed from the common 480 V power distribution and need no additional transformers, as it is outlined in Figure 6. G PU- Transformer 208/120 V Short-Break-Loads Figure 6: Conventional istribution including IT- and Short-Break Loads It is also quite common that these loads are fed by iesel Rotary (R) with a so called ual-output, like it is shown in Figure 7. R PU- Transformer 208/120 V Short-Break-Loads Figure 7: Conventional istribution Scheme utilizing ual Output R 10
11 This type of R utilizes an energy storage which is designed to support the critical loads only, but the iesel engine is strong enough to additionally supply the short break loads once it has been started. The 2 nd output of this kind of R is either taken directly from the output or from an isolated 2 nd winding of the generator. The breaker pair feeding the short-break loads is normally controlled by the R and can be integrated in the R switchgear cabinet as well as in the main distribution switchgear. Most mechanical loads are designed to be supplied by a standard combination of voltage and frequency (i.e. 480 V or 400 V 50 Hz) and are therefore not suited to operate with the unusual combination of 400 V and. So in case of a IT distribution the 480 V for the short-break loads needs to be taken from the line which feeds the or, in case of high power applications, from a separated transformer. An example of a standard 480 V distribution including a supply line for the IT loads is shown in Figure 8. The power for the critical and the essential loads is taken from a common 480 V bus which can be fed by standard 480 V iesel generators to supply both the critical and the short break loads in case of a mains outage. To take the advantage to supply multiple with one transformer the auto-transformers feeding the 400 V IT distribution are placed upstream the. There is no difference in the supply for the essential loads compared to the conventional 208/120 V distribution. G Short-Break-Loads Figure 8: Common 480 V distribution line for and Short-Break-Loads 11
12 Figure 9 shows a solution that does not utilize additional auto-transformers. This scheme uses 2 separate -transformers, each transforming the voltage right to the level needed for the loads. Considering that the power consumption of a big data center requires more than one transformer feeding the loads, this can simply be realized without creating additional costs by splitting the necessary transformers into two groups, each supplying its dedicated distribution network. G G Short-Break-Loads Figure 9: Separated feeders for and loads Locating the iesel generators on the low voltage side a special 400 V generator is needed for the critical loads while the mechanical loads can be supplied by a standard 480 V generator. Installing the iesel generator on the side eliminates this problem but makes the solution more expensive because it utilizes generators and additional switchgear. 12
13 6 Integrated power supply of Critical and Essential loads A very economical and cost efficient solution to supply the equipment in a data center is shown in Figure 10. A ual Output R allows supplying both the critical and the short break loads by using a single generator with two separated windings. In case of a IT distribution this generator can be designed in a way that the 1 st winding generates 400 V for the no-break loads and the 2 nd winding generates 480 V for the short break loads, both with. With this ual Voltage R there is no additional transformer necessary and it is possible to supply the critical loads as well as the short break loads with one iesel engine and one single generator. R M/G INV Short-Break-Loads Figure 10: The ual Voltage R allows supplying both and Short-Break- Loads utilizing one iesel engine and one generator only This kind of compact iesel is available with batteries as well as with kinetic energy storage. Comparing the examples shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 illustrate the advantages of a system configuration utilizing ual Voltage R. In both figures both the critical and the short break loads are supposed to need 3300 kva electrical power, distributed through 4 power path in a 3+1 redundant configuration. So each power supply line is designed to feed 1100 kva. Two 4 A medium voltage transformers, one with and one with secondary voltage, are used to supply the associated loads. The configuration in Figure 11 utilizes 4x 1100 kva R to supply the critical loads and 4x 1100 kva iesel generators to supply the short-break-loads, both with a redundancy of 3+1. So there is the need of 8 iesel generators in total comprising the ones contained in the R including their individual auxiliaries like fuel, cooling and exhaust systems. 13
14 R R R R G G G G Critical-Loads Short-Break-Loads Figure 11 Example of a separated distribution utilizing R and Gen-Sets in a 3+1 configuration In Figure 12 the power supply for the same loads is realized by using 4 ual Voltage iesel Rotary only. Each of the units is able to supply 1100 kva no-break critical load on base of and 1100 kva short-break-load with concurrently. Therefore this configuration does not need additional iesel generator to supply the mechanical loads and the total amount of engines and generators needed to supply the loads is reduced to 4. Each of the iesel engines needs to be twice as big as in the example shown in Figure 11, but needs significantly less floor space and fewer auxiliaries than the solution with 8 engines. Accordingly the costs for equipment and installation and the time needed for installation and maintenance is reduced, too. R R R R Critical-Loads Short-Break-Loads Figure 12 Example of a combined distribution utilizing ual Voltage R in a 3+1 configuration So having everything integrated in one R reduces the infrastructure which is normally necessary for this equipment to a minimum and allows a straight forward and manageable design. 14
15 7 Summary Within data centers the power used for operating the facility, running IT loads and cooling is the largest expense. Reducing the number of components and operating at a higher voltage will save floor space and will result in greater efficiency and reduced electrical costs. A solution suitable for today s IT equipment is to change the supply voltage from 208/120 V to. This voltage level reduces the currents and the losses in the distribution network significantly and makes PU transformers obsolete. A special kind of iesel Rotary allows to supply critical IT loads with and Short-Break-Loads with 480 V using one iesel engine and one generator only. This reduces the infrastructure and the space requirement for the equipment to a minimum and allows a straight forward and manageable design. So combined with a suitable technology changing the supply voltage of IT equipment to is an effective solution to significantly reduce cost for energy and cooling in a modern data center. 15
16 8 References [1] Server Technology, Power Efficiency gains by eploying 415 VAC Power istribution in North American ata Centers, White Paper STI , 31. March 2009 [2] Facilities Engineering Associates (FEA), Power istribution Voltages, by Brian T. Soucy, Spring 2009 [3] The ata Center Journal Increasing Electrical Efficiency ownstream of the, by Christopher M. Johnston 25. June 2009 Frank Herbener, Piller Group GmbH Germany White Paper No / June
Power Conditioning of Microgrids and Co-Generation Systems
Power Conditioning of Microgrids and Co-Generation Systems Nothing protects quite like Piller piller.com Content 1 Introduction 3 2 Basic requirements of a stable isolated network 3 3 Requirements for
More informationReducing Train Weight and Simplifying Train Design by Using Active Redundancy of Static Inverters for the Onboard Supply of Rolling Stock
IJR International Journal of Railway, pp. 89-93 The Korean Society for Railway Reducing Train Weight and Simplifying Train Design by Using Active Redundancy of Static Inverters for the Onboard Supply of
More informationGrounding Of Standby & Emergency Power Systems
July / August 2007 ELECTRICAL LINE 53 Grounding Of Standby & Emergency Power Systems By Andrew Cochran Power continuity is essential in many industrial and commercial installations where a trip out due
More informationUniversity of California, San Diego Cal (IT) 2 Technical Assignment #2. Brian Smith
University of California, San Diego Cal (IT) 2 Technical Assignment #2 Brian Smith Advisor: Dr. Moeck 31 October 2005 Brian Smith Lighting/Electrical Option University of California, San Diego Cal (IT)
More informationABB Data Center Solutions Day 5 July 2013 by Kelvin Sim Myths or Truths: Achieving 99% Efficiency with Single Conversion Backup Power System
ABB Data Center Solutions Day 5 July 2013 by Kelvin Sim Myths or Truths: Achieving 99% Efficiency with Single Conversion Backup Power System Striking the right balance The Data Centre Backup Power / UPS
More informationFlexible and Reliable Power Supply Solution Intelligent Control. Secure Power
Flexible and Reliable Power Supply Solution Intelligent Control. Secure Power Content Todays Data Center needs Different UPS topologies and energy storage Diesel generator systems System configuration
More informationSmall wonder. Station service voltage transformers for small power requirements
Small wonder Station service voltage transformers for small power requirements MATHEW PAUL An estimated 1.3 billion people worldwide have no access to electricity. In small communities, this is often due
More informationFuses still the best form of overload protection
Fuses still the best form of overload protection 2001 George Moraitis (Fuseco Pty. Ltd.) Often when I visit people to talk about circuit protection I hear the comments fuses are a thing of the past and
More informationXIRIA Green, Smart, Compact solution
Green, Smart, Compact solution Automotive Powering business worldwide Aerospace Eaton delivers the power inside hundreds of products that are answering the demands of today s fast changing world. We help
More informationElectric Power Delivery To Big Cities
Problem Definition Electric Power Delivery To Big Cities a) Socio-economic incentives are a major factor in the movement of population to big cities b) Increasing demand of electric power has strained
More informationJoslyn Clark Controls, Inc. Simple, Safe, Retrofit Programs to Significantly Extend Life of Existing Circuit Breakers
Joslyn Clark Controls, Inc. Simple, Safe, Retrofit Programs to Significantly Extend Life of Existing Circuit Breakers 2 Introduction This discussion describes in detail retrofitting medium voltage circuit
More informationA comparison of metal-enclosed load interrupter (ME) switchgear and metal-clad (MC) switchgear
Robert J. Gustin Eaton Fellow Application Engineer, P. E. Southfield, Michigan Definitions Metal-enclosed load interrupter switchgear type ME Metal-enclosed switchgear is defined in ANSI C37.20.3-1987,
More informationQuestions Section: Do you have questions that aren't covered? Please contact us!
Questions Section: 1. What are the screw terminals on the back of my XP600 for? 2. How do I hook up a remote turn-on switch for my XP250 / XP600 / XP1100/ MX series inverter? 3. Can I sell power back to
More informationAchieving the Highest Power Density in the Smallest Footprint
Achieving the Highest Power Density in the Smallest Footprint White Paper Summary For many years, mission critical applications have required high quality power conditioning and uninterruptable power to
More information9/16/2010. Chapter , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS. 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 3 TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 1 Transmitting large amounts of electric energy over long distances is accomplished most efficiently by using high-voltages. Without transformers the widespread distribution
More informationService Entrance Methods
Service Section Typical switchboards consist of a service section, also referred to as the main section, and one or more distribution sections. The service section can be fed directly from the utility
More informationReliable Power Distribution Design for Water and Wastewater Facilities By Van Wagner, P.E., Schneider Electric Water Wastewater Competency Center
Schneider Electric February, 2009 Reliable Power Distribution Design for Water and Wastewater Facilities By Van Wagner, P.E., Schneider Electric Water Wastewater Competency Center Introduction Reliable
More informationSimply Reliable Solutions for Continuous, High Quality Power Tradition. Technology. Innovation.
Rotabloc Diesel Rotary UPS Systems Simply Reliable Solutions for Continuous, High Quality Power Tradition. Technology. Innovation. IEM Power Systems Rotary UPS is a fully integrated system comprising the
More informationVOLTAGE SAGS; A LITTLE STORAGE CAN GO A LONG WAY
WHITE PAPER VOLTAGE SAGS; A LITTLE STORAGE CAN GO A LONG WAY I. Utility power in the U.S. is very reliable; we count on it to be there, expect it to be there, and it usually is. Barring natural disasters
More informationProtectors. Manual motor. Types MS116, MS132, MS45x, MS49x. MS Series. Manual motor protectors. Type MS116. Type MS132. Type MS45x.
Types MS116, MS132, MS5x, MS9x are electromechanical devices for motor and circuit protection. These devices offer local motor disconnect means, manual ON/OFF control, and protection against short circuit,
More informationIndustry Automation Control Components
Industry Automation Control Components SIRIUS 3RV2 Motor Starter Protectors SIRIUS 3RV21 Motor Starter Protectors can be easily and flexibly combined with other SIRIUS devices to reduce space requirements
More informationReview paper on Fault analysis and its Limiting Techniques.
Review paper on Fault analysis and its Limiting Techniques. Milap Akbari 1, Hemal Chavda 2, Jay Chitroda 3, Neha Kothadiya 4 Guided by: - Mr.Gaurang Patel 5 ( 1234 Parul Institute of Engineering &Technology,
More informationUsing OutBack Inverters for 3-Phase 480V Applications
Using OutBack Inverters for 3-Phase 480V Applications Introduction This application note will discuss how to adapt OutBack Power 230V single phase inverters for 60 Hz 480V three-phase applications using
More informationA system fault contribution of 750 mva shall be used when determining the required interrupting rating for unit substation equipment.
General Unit substations shall be 500 kva minimum, 1500 kva maximum unless approved otherwise by the University. For the required configuration of University substations see Standard Electrical Detail
More informationRecent Trades in Distribution System
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor(SJIF): 3.134 e-issn(o): 2348-4470 p-issn(p): 2348-6406 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 2,Issue 3, March -2015 Recent Trades
More informationPower Voltage Transformers for Air Insulated Substations
Power Voltage Transformers for Air Insulated Substations Introduction Trench Power Voltage Transformers (Power VTs) combine the attributes of an inductive voltage transformer with the application of a
More informationPosition Paper of Charging Interface Initiative e.v.
Position Paper of Charging Interface Initiative e.v. Electric Fuel Labelling 24 September 2018 Coordination Office CharIN e. V. c/o innos Sperlich GmbH Schiffbauerdamm 12 10117 Berlin Contact Andre Kaufung
More informationElectric Drive Vehicle Infrastructure Training. Instructor s Manual. National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium
Electric Drive Vehicle Infrastructure Training Instructor s Manual National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium Part 4: : Service Panel to Receptacle Overview of Service Panel The role of the service
More informationEVSE Load Balancing VS Load Shedding 1: Largest number of 30 Amps EVSEs that can be fed as per the code from the 600 volts feeder
EVSE Load Balancing VS Load Shedding 1: Largest number of 30 Amps EVSEs that can be fed as per the code from the 1600A @ 600 volts feeder The schematics shows that the 1600A feeder is split in 7 branches
More informationPowerWave 33 Efficient power protection for today s IT and process-related work environments
ARTICLE OR CHAPTER TITLE PowerWave 33 Efficient power protection for today s IT and process-related work environments Cooling fan UPS control panel Maintenance bypass isolator Input supply isolator Slot
More informationFUSES. Safety through quality
Safety through quality HH HIGH VOLTAGE Over many decades SIBA has developed a global product line of High Voltage Fuses that are comprehensive for any and all applications. Superior engineering, advanced
More informationThree-Phase Power Conversion in a Single Step
Patent Pending Three-Phase Power Conversion in a Single Step 1-STEP Offers Active Power Factor Correction and Isolated, Regulated DC Output with Unparalleled Power Density 78 Boonton Avenue, P.O. Box 427,
More information3.2. Current Limiting Fuses. Contents
.2 Contents Description Current Limiting Applications................. Voltage Rating.......................... Interrupting Rating....................... Continuous Current Rating................ Fuse
More informationExperience and History
Experience and History 1956 Battery no-break 1994 New Mfg Facility 500kVA System 1974 1000kVA System IC with Inner Rotor 1963 4x1600 MV System 1969 First Diesel CPS System (300 kva) 1992 2250kVA Dual Output
More informationMar H: SUPPLEMENTAL PARALLELING GEAR (16315-H)
2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite B Ann Arbor, MI 48105-5759 www.med.umich.edu/facilities/plan/ 263010-H: SUPPLEMENTAL PARALLELING GEAR (16315-H) Related Sections Basis Guideline: N/A For an explanation of
More informationHigh-voltage Direct Inverter Applied to Induced Draft Fan Motor at Takehara Thermal Power Station No. 3 of Electric Power Development Co., Ltd.
Hitachi Review Vol. 53 (2004), No. 3 121 High-voltage Direct Inverter Applied to Induced Draft Fan Motor at Takehara Thermal Power Station No. 3 of Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. Hiroaki Yamada Kiyoshi
More informationRecommended Procedures
Selective Coordination Study Recommended Procedures The following steps are recommended when conducting a selective coordination study.. One-Line Diagram Obtain the electrical system one-line diagram that
More informationThat s how compact transformer protection is today. The customer newsletter of Kries-Energietechnik
The customer newsletter of Kries-Energietechnik www.kries.com A change of paradigm in distribution network transformer protection: the self-powered and IEC 60255-compliant IKI-35 protection relay 05 17
More informationS&C Fault Tamer Fuse Limiter. Outdoor Distribution (15 kv through 25 kv)
S&C Fault Tamer Fuse Limiter Outdoor Distribution (5 kv through 25 kv) Introducing S&C s new generation of pole-top transformer protection... Application Although the S&C Fault Tamer Fuse Limiter handles
More informationProtection of Power Electronic Multi Converter Systems in AC and DC Applications
Protection of Power Electronic Multi Converter Systems in AC and DC Applications Prof. Norbert Grass Technische Hochschule Nürnberg, Institute for Power Electronic Systems, Nuremberg, Germany, Norbert.Grass@th-nuernberg.de
More informationUNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Facilities Services Design Guide. Electrical. Switchboards. Basis of Design. Design Evaluation
Basis of Design This section applies to the design relating to low voltage switchboards. Design Criteria UW Class N1 facilities main switchboards shall be rear accessible. The main, tie and feeder breakers
More informationWelcome. Yaskawa Training Café Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical Training Services
Welcome Welcome to Yaskawa Electric America s Training Café Express Today s Topic is Selecting E7/P7/F7 Drives for Single-Phase Input Applications To make this Café enjoyable for all, please follow these
More informationA Comparison of Typical UPS Designs in Today s Markets
A Comparison of Typical UPS Designs in Today s Markets An Alpha Technologies White Paper by Kevin Binnie, Senior Product Portfolio Manager March 1, 2011 2 White Paper: A Comparison of Typical UPS Designs
More informationD Series: UPS UPTO - 300KVA - Three / Three Phase
D Series: UPS UPTO - 300KVA - Three / Three Phase All in one D Series UPS High Power UPS Systems, Now in India Properties : Standard Properties 1GBT rectifier inverter technology Input power factor correction
More informationABB UPS 3. November 2014
ABB UPS 3. November 2014 Modular Architectures Centralized Parallel Architecture (CPA) In a Centralized Parallel Architectures the system is composed of common system building blocks: MAINS 1 MAINS 2 CENTRAL
More informationCombustion Gas Turbine Fuel Pumps. CIRCOR White Paper
Combustion Gas Turbine Fuel Pumps CIRCOR White Paper The modern combustion gas turbine is one of the most reliable machines in use and a workhorse of the electric power generation industry. It can be on-site
More informationThe cement and minerals industry
A team of drives Multidrives with active front-end technology in the cement and minerals industry Rolf Hoppler, Urs Maier, Daniel Ryf, Leopold Blahous represent a huge chance for energy savings. Especially
More informationLatest Developments in Battery Connector Technology for Commercial Energy Storage Systems
Latest Developments in Battery Connector Technology for Commercial Energy Storage Systems New Components Can Lower Applied Costs, Improve Safety and Enhance Operational Efficiency A JAE White Paper Copyright
More informationCONTINUOUS POWER IN YOUR CONTROL KEM5
CONTINUOUS POWER IN YOUR CONTROL KEM5 Simply Reliable Solutions to Power Quality Issues Banks, Data Centers, Telecoms, Airports, Manufacturing Processes & Major Research Projects, in fact all installations
More informationTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS Transmitting large amounts of electric energy over long distances is accomplished most efficiently by using high-voltages. Without transformers the widespread distribution of electric
More informationSmart Grids. Baltic Environmental Forum Latvia Antonijas iela 3-8 LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
Baltic Environmental Forum Latvia Antonijas iela 3-8 LV-1010 Riga, Latvia www.bef.lv Baltic Environmental Froum Deutschland e. V. Osterstraße 58 20259 Hamburg, Germany www. bef-de.org Smart Metres And
More informationMaster Plus kva
Local Area Networks (LAN) ServerS Data Centers Telecommunication devices e-business (Servers Farms, ISP/ASP/POP) Industrial Processes Industrial PLCs Electromedical Devices Emergency Devices (lights/alarms)
More informationRenewables from a TSO Perspective. M.BENA, SmartGrids Director, RTE, French TSO Vienna, 18 May 2015
Renewables from a TSO Perspective M.BENA, SmartGrids Director, RTE, French TSO Vienna, 18 May 2015 RTE in Europe 8500 employees Owner and Operator of the Assets 100 000 km UHV and HV lines (400 kv -> 63
More informationDon t Discriminate: The importance of selective coordination in electrical installations
Don t Discriminate: The importance of selective coordination in electrical installations Prepared by: Design Engineer: Anthony Unsworth anthonyunsworth@sudlows.com What is Discrimination? Discrimination,
More informationThe behavior of the cycloconverter fed gearless drive under abnormal electrical conditions
Mining The behavior of the cycloconverter fed gearless drive under abnormal electrical conditions Reprint Authors: Kurt Tischler Siemens AG, Mining Technologies, Erlangen, Germany Reprint: WORKSHOP SAG
More informationA Cost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Schemes and Ground Grid Design
A Cost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Schemes and Ground Grid Design Presented at the 2018 Transmission and Substation Design and Operation Symposium Revision presented at the
More informationOutdoor Distribution (15 kv through 25 kv) S&C Fault Tamer Fuse Limiter
Outdoor Distribution (5 kv through 25 kv) S&C Fault Tamer Fuse Limiter Introducing S&C s new generation of pole-top transformer protection... Application Although the S&C Fault Tamer Fuse Limiter handles
More informationParallel connection of fuses
Parallel connection of fuses Volker Seefeld SIEMENS AG, Regensburg, Germany, volker.seefeld@siemens.com Keywords: parallel connection, parallel fuses, semiconductor fuses in parallel Introduction Parallel
More informationModular Standardized Electrical and Control Solutions for Fast Track Projects
Modular Standardized Electrical and Control Solutions for Supporting fast track projects ABB is the leading supplier of electrical and control equipment for power plants. The company offers a comprehensive
More informationLiebert NXC. 10kVA - 60kVA. Compact, Efficient, and Reliable Power Solution
10kVA - 60kVA Compact, Efficient, and Reliable Power Solution Enabling Tomorrow s CRITICAL EDGE INFRASTRUCTURE We helped some of the largest names in the industry bring new capacity online faster and at
More informationIEEE Guide for the Design of Low Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary Systems for Substations
1 IEEE1818-2017 Guide for the Design of Low Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary Systems for Substations Sponsored by the IEEE Substations Committee Presented By Joe Gravelle Organization of the Guide 1. Scope
More informationGET GROUNDED. Renewable Energy System Grounding Basics
GET GROUNDED Renewable Energy System ing Basics by Christopher Freitas ASK TEN RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLERS ABOUT SYSTEM GROUNDING and you ll likely get ten different opinions as to what the National Electrical
More informationoff-grid Solutions Security of supply Basics: Off-grid energy supply
RENEWABLE OFF-GRID ENERGY COMPLETE off-grid POWER solutions off-grid Power with AEG Power Solutions Security of supply Getting renewable energy to two billion people living in the world s poorest countries
More informationSectionalizing. Rick Seeling. Pete Malamen. Introduction Philosophy. Three Phase Reclosers High-Side Protection Specific Applications
Sectionalizing Rick Seeling Introduction Philosophy Pete Malamen Three Phase Reclosers High-Side Protection Specific Applications History Early 1970 s Small Substation Transformers
More informationNEW Solutions for Underground System Growth
NEW Solutions for Underground System Growth Cooper s Single-Phase Voltage Regulator Improved Power Quality More Economical Improved System Reliability Increased Safety Better Aesthetics Lower Maintenance
More informationSymmetra PX 100 kw. Scalable from 10 kw to 100 kw Modular, scalable, high-efficiency power protection for data centers
Symmetra PX 100 kw Scalable from 10 kw to 100 kw Modular, scalable, high-efficiency power protection for data centers High-performance, right-sized, 3-phase power protection with high efficiency and availability
More informationPower Connect RX50. Series. Specification sheet. Features and benefits. Weight, size and sound level
Specification sheet TM Power Connect RX50 Series Features and benefits Robust product design and testing - The generator is designed to operate under extreme environmental conditions including cold weather
More informationMKN-DSP SERIES - THREE PHASE
Output Power Factor 0.9 MKN-DSP SERIES - THREE PHASE Double conversion True On-Line UPS 3 Phase Input - 3 Phase Output 10 KVA 15 KVA 20 KVA 30 KVA 40 KVA 50 KVA 60 KVA Model for: 208/120 V 220/127 V /
More informationComputer Aided Transient Stability Analysis
Journal of Computer Science 3 (3): 149-153, 2007 ISSN 1549-3636 2007 Science Publications Corresponding Author: Computer Aided Transient Stability Analysis Nihad M. Al-Rawi, Afaneen Anwar and Ahmed Muhsin
More informationPower Systems Trainer
Electrical Power Systems PSS A self-contained unit that simulates all parts of electrical power systems and their protection, from generation to utilisation Key Features Simulates generation, transmission,
More informationC-series Marine GeneraTors
C-Series Marine GeneratorS C-Series Marine GeneratorS PREINSTALLED PARALLELING CONTROLLER the first of its kind The KOHLER Decision-Maker 3500 paralleling controller is factory-installed and pre-tested;
More informationRex Healthcare Medium Voltage System Presentation APEC 2015 March 15-19, 2015
Rex Healthcare Medium Voltage System Presentation APEC 2015 March 15-19, 2015 Maximizing the Efficiency of Hospital Distribution Systems Through the Use of Advancing Technology and Design Creativity MISSION:
More informationTransformer Protection
Transformer Protection Course No: E01-006 Credit: 1 PDH Andre LeBleu, P.E. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774 info@cedengineering.com
More informationCost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Systems
Cost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Systems Presented at the 71st Annual Conference for Protective Engineers Brian Ehsani, Black & Veatch Jason Hulme, Black & Veatch Abstract
More informationElectrical Existing Conditions and Building Load Summary Report
Electrical Existing Conditions and Building Load Summary Report Executive Summary: This Electrical Existing Conditions and Building Load Summary Report will describe the general and specific characteristics
More informationDESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPLICATION OF SHUNT CAPACITORS IN HEAVY HATER PLANT (TUTICORIN)
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPLICATION OF SHUNT CAPACITORS IN HEAVY HATER PLANT (TUTICORIN) -A.R. Subraaanian -R.A.A. Palani -J. Thomson A new 3.3 K.V. 4200 KVAR auto switching capacitor bank has been installed
More informationBaldor Basics: Motors
Baldor Basics: Motors Edward Cowern, P.E. A continuing series of articles, courtesy of the Baldor Electric Co., dedicated primarily to motor basics; e.g. how to specify them; how to operate them; how and
More informationDesign considerations for generator set mounted paralleling breakers
Our energy working for you. Design considerations for generator set mounted paralleling breakers White Paper Hassan Obeid, Application Group Cummins Power Generation Cummins Power Systems has been delivering
More informationABB POWER SYSTEMS CONSULTING
ABB POWER SYSTEMS CONSULTING DOMINION VIRGINIA POWER Offshore Wind Interconnection Study 2011-E7406-1 R1 Summary Report Prepared for: DOMINION VIRGINIA POWER Report No.: 2011-E7406-1 R1 Date: 29 February
More informationSustainable Energy Mod.1: Fuel Cells & Distributed Generation Systems
Sustainable Energy Mod.1: Fuel Cells & Distributed Generation Systems Dr. Ing. Mario L. Ferrari Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) - DiMSET University of Genoa, Italy : fuel cell systems (power conditioning)
More informationGuideline for Parallel Grid Exit Point Connection 28/10/2010
Guideline for Parallel Grid Exit Point Connection 28/10/2010 Guideline for Parallel Grid Exit Point Connection Page 2 of 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE... 3 1.1 Pupose of the document... 3 2 BACKGROUND
More informationJoseph Lookup Senior Thesis 2005 Wegmans Fairfax. Section 2.0. Electrical Depth
Section 2.0 Electrical Depth 2.0 Electrical Depth 2.1 Introduction The electrical distribution system was analyzed to determine if any improvements could be made, to analyze its capabilities, to verify
More informationSteering Actuator for Autonomous Driving and Platooning *1
TECHNICAL PAPER Steering Actuator for Autonomous Driving and Platooning *1 A. ISHIHARA Y. KUROUMARU M. NAKA The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is running a "Development
More informationPower Consumption Reduction: Hot Spare
Power Consumption Reduction: Hot Spare A Dell technical white paper Mark Muccini Wayne Cook Contents Executive summary... 3 Introduction... 3 Traditional power solutions... 3 Hot spare... 5 Hot spare solution...
More informationEmbracing the Challenge of the Broadband Energy Crisis
Embracing the Challenge of the Broadband Energy Crisis Alpha Technologies Examines Improving Efficiency and Energy Consumption by Replacing Aging Power Supplies WHITE PAPER MARCH 2016 Executive Summary
More informationWORKSHOP SPECIFICATIONS
WORKSHOP SPECIFICATIONS DPX 3 160 & 250 MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKERS THE GLOBAL SPECIALIST IN ELECTRICAL AND DIGITAL BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURES DPX 3 RANGE Not only do DPX³ 160 and DPX 3 250 MCCBs provide
More informationDon t Stop Shift on Fly
Shift on Fly 67 Don t Stop Shift on Fly Abstract Since decades, modern agricultural tractors have experienced a strong development in drive train and gearbox technologies. Common technologies like power
More informationMEDIA RELEASE. June 16, 2008 For Immediate Release
MEDIA RELEASE June 16, 2008 For Immediate Release Recommendations to Keep Trolleys Released Alternative Proposal for Trolleys Ensures City s Sustainability The Edmonton Trolley Coalition, a non-profit
More informationMASTERYS IP+ 10 to 80 kva
MASTERYS IP+ 10 to 80 kva OBJECTIVES The aim of these specifications is to provide: the information required to choose the right uninterruptible power supply for a specific application. the information
More informationThe Smart Grid by Siemens.
The Smart Grid by Siemens. Solutions to better manage energy system change. Dr. Jan Mrosik CEO Smart Grid Division Infrastructure & Cities Sector Siemens AG Amsterdam, Siemens Schutzvermerk AG 2012. /
More informationEkip Link logic- zone discrimination protection system
54 ABB REVIEW Ekip Link logic- zone discrimination protection system A modern dynamically positioned () vessel will have a sophisticated electrical power system driving the propulsion that keeps it on
More informationTECHNICAL WHITE PAPER
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER Chargers Integral to PHEV Success 1. ABSTRACT... 2 2. PLUG-IN HYBRIDS DEFINED... 2 3. PLUG-IN HYBRIDS GAIN MOMENTUM... 2 4. EARLY DELTA-Q SUPPORT FOR PHEV DEVELOPMENT... 2 5. PLUG-IN
More informationAPR1400 Electric System Design. KHNP KEPCO E&C November 29, 2017
APR1400 Electric System Design KHNP KEPCO E&C November 29, 2017 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Offsite Power System Design 3. Onsite Power System Design Auxiliary Power System DC & IP System Onsite Power
More informationLow Voltage Systems MNS platform
Low Voltage Systems MNS platform MNS a long successful history ABB is worldwide leader in the production of low voltage switchgears with more than 1.4 million of MNS systems installed since the introduction
More informationDual Power. Protection. Protection
54 Fault Clearing Systems by Damien Tholomier., AREVA T&D Automation, Canada Dual Power Single Battery What if it? Short circuits and other abnormal power system conditions are very rear, but may result
More informationMedium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches
Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches Outdoor Medium Voltage Switch.1 Medium Voltage Switch MVS Product Description............................................. 2 Application Description..........................................
More informationData Bulletin. Ground-Censor Ground-Fault Protection System Type GC Class 931
Data Bulletin 0931DB0101 July 2001 Cedar Rapids, IA, USA Ground-Censor Ground-Fault Protection System Type GC Class 931 09313063 GT Sensor Shunt Trip of Circuit Interrupter Window Area for Conductors GC
More informationULTRACAPACITORS FOR UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)
white paper ULTRACAPACITORS FOR UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) Electricity, flowing continuously through the grid, is something that most of today s amenities rely on. For any electrical device to
More informationEDS SUBSTATION LVAC SUPPLIES
Document Number: EDS 08-1112 Network(s): Summary: EPN, LPN, SPN ENGINEERING DESIGN STANDARD EDS 08-1112 SUBSTATION LVAC SUPPLIES The standard details the requirements and options for the provision of LVAC
More informationDesign Considerations to Enhance Safety and Reliability for Service Entrance Switchboards
Design Considerations to Enhance Safety and Reliability for Service Entrance Switchboards Robert P. Hansen, P.E., PhD GE Specification Engineer Introduction Switchboards are a widely used type of equipment
More information