Analysis of turbocharged DI Diesel Engine fuelled With Linseed Methyl Ester

Transcription

1 International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences ISSN Volume 12, Number 6 (2017), pp Research India Publications Analysis of turbocharged DI Diesel Engine fuelled With Linseed Methyl Ester Chiranjeeva Rao Seela #1, K. Sathi Reddy 2, N.Ramesh 3 #1 and 2, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract There is a rapid increase in utilization of fossil fuels due to increasing fuel power plants, use of automobiles and leads to scarcity and depletion of those fuels. To avoid this scarcity of fossil fuels, there is an emphasis on study of biofuels. Biodiesel is a long chain fatty acids made of mono alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. In this work, Biodiesel is prepared from the non-edible linseed oil by transesterification process is used for preparation of biodiesel from linseed. Experiments were conducted on singe cylinder diesel engine to check the performance and emission parameters with and without turbocharger fuelled with Linseed Methyl Easter (LME). The results showed that the thermal efficiency of the engine is almost similar for the diesel and biodiesel modes. Whereas the total fuel consumption is comparatively lower for a turbocharged engine than natural diesel engine. The emission characteristics are favourable with turbocharged engine.. Keyword: Turbocharger, Linseed, Performance, Emissions I. INTRODUCTION Fossil fuels are non-renewable natural resources, which means that one day they will run out in future which include crude oil, coal, gas or heavy oils and other resources from earth s crust. So there is need for alternate fuel production. The fuel that replaces the fossil fuels is biofuels. Biodiesel is a substitute for diesel fuel that can be made from a variety of oils, fats and greases. Biodiesel is prepared from bio wastes and other naturally occurring resources. Transesterification process is used for the preparation of biodiesels like linseed, soybean, and waste cooking oil [1].

2 1160 Chiranjeeva Rao Seela, K. Sathi Reddy and N.Ramesh The raw materials used in the production of biodiesel many contaminants such as water, glycerol which may get included in the final which badly changes the characteristics of biodiesel [2]. The performance of turbo charged diesel engine fuelled with the bio diesel yields positive results by increasing efficiency and reducing carbon emissions [3].Turbochargers are good at generating more power with the same amount of fuel or the same amount of power with less fuel consumption [4-6]. Emission of particulate matter is also a serious problem which are also controlled by the turbochargers [7]. It is observed that turbocharger assisted diesel engines have higher performance in terms of efficiency and less harmful emissions when compared with naturally aspirated diesel engines [8]. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Linseed raw oil was procured form the Vizianagaram rural, Andhrapradesh, India through personal communication. The diesel fuel and chemicals were purchased from local markets. A. Preparation of linseed oil Methyl Ester The procured raw Linseed oil was filtered and treated with acid at 60 C. Then 100 ml methanol and 2 to 3 ml of sulphuric ac id is added to it as shown in Figure:1 (a) Settling is carried out for 3 hour and pulp is separated from it. In the next stage the oil was treated with base at 60 C and sodium methoxide (250 ml methanol (Figure:1 (b) dissolved in 6 to 7.5 gm. sodium hydroxide (Figure:1 (c)) )was added to the acid treated oil. It was settled for 6 hour to separate the glycerine is settled at the bottom of the decanter which is drained out as shown in Figure:1 (d). Then the base treated oil was washed with distilled water as shown in Figure:1 (e). Finally the clean oil was dehydrated at 100 C to obtain the bio diesel. Figure:1(a) Figure:1(b) Figure:1(c) Figure:1(d) Figure:1(e) Figure: 1 (a) Raw linseed oil on magnetic stirrer cum heater, (b) Methanol, (c) Weighing of sodium hydroxide pallets, (d) Separation of biodiesel and glycerine, Water washing with distilled water

3 Analysis of turbocharged DI Diesel Engine fuelled With Linseed Methyl Ester 1161 B. Properties of test fuels: The biodiesel properties are nearer to neat diesel [11, 12].The properties of LME were found experimentally and tabulated as follows Table 1: Properties of LME (linseed Methyl Ester) Properties Bio diesel Viscosity (CP) at 20 C 8.2 Kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) 3.36 Density (gm./cc) H.C.V (KJ/Kg) Flash point (K) 449 III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND EXPERIMENTATION Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder four stroke water cooled diesel engine, shown in Figure:2 The engine is coupled to Rope brake dynamometer for loading it Figure: 2. Experimental setup Figure: 3. Turbocharger A. Specifications of the engine Engine : Kirloskar diesel engine Model : AV1 Maximum H.P : 5HP Stroke : 110 mm Bore : 80 mm RPM : 1500

4 1162 Chiranjeeva Rao Seela, K. Sathi Reddy and N.Ramesh B. Description The inlet of the turbocharger was connected to exhaust manifold of the engine and the outlet was connected to inlet manifold of the engine as shown in Figure: 3. The fuel flow rate was measured on volumetric basis using burette and a stopwatch. A Crypton exhaust gas analyser shown in Figure: 4, was used to analyse the exhaust gas for the emissions Figure 4. Exhaust gas analyser IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The following results are obtained regarding the performance and emission characteristics DWOT: Diesel fuel without turbo charger, DWT: Diesel as fuel with turbo charger, BWT: Biodiesel as fuel with turbocharger Figure 5. Load vs Brake thermal efficiency The brake thermal efficiency of the engine is more with the turbocharger. The turbocharged engine fuelled with bio diesel has resulted in 1 to 2% improvement in

5 Analysis of turbocharged DI Diesel Engine fuelled With Linseed Methyl Ester 1163 efficiency compared to normal engine. This is because of more cetane number [9, 10] of biodiesel and improved mixing of air and fuel as in Figure: 5. Figure: 6: Load vs Brake specific fuel consumption From the Figure: 6 it is evident that, the turbocharger has ensured the better and smooth burning of the fuel. So, the specific fuel consumption is less compared the normal engines for both the diesel and biodiesel fuel Figure 7. Load vs HC emissions

6 1164 Chiranjeeva Rao Seela, K. Sathi Reddy and N.Ramesh For all the cases the HC emissions were increased with the increase in load. With the turbo charged engine fuelled with neat diesel, these emissions are less compared to normal engine. Also observed that there was further decrement in HC emissions with biodiesel, Figure: 7 Figure 8. Load vs CO emissions From the Figure: 8. it was evident that the CO emissions were greatly decreased compared to DWOT and DWT. This is an indication that the inbuilt Oxygen in biodiesel ensures the complete combustion. Figure: 9. Load vs CO emissions

7 Analysis of turbocharged DI Diesel Engine fuelled With Linseed Methyl Ester 1165 The turbo charger ensures the better burning and smoke levels are decreased for the DWT and BWT as in Figure: 9.. V. CONCLUSIONS From the experimental analysis resulted the following conclusions 1. With the turbocharger there was a slight improvement in the efficiency 2. The LME has given lesser emissions 3. The performance of the engine is more with turbocharger and fuelled with LME compared to normal engine REFERENCES [1] Y. Han, L. Zhang, Z. Liu, and J. Tian, Investigation of transient deterioration mechanism and improved method for turbocharged diesel engine, Energy, vol. 116, pp , [2] P. Geng, C. Yao, Q. Wang, L. Wei, J. Liu, W. Pan, and G. Han, Effect of DMDF on the PM emission from a turbo-charged diesel engine with DDOC and DPOC, Appl. Energy, vol. 148, pp , [3] A. Grönman, P. Sallinen, J. Honkatukia, J. Backman, and A. Uusitalo, Design and experiments of two-stage intercooled electrically assisted turbocharger, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 111, no. x, pp , [4] N. F. Sakellaridis, S. I. Raptotasios, A. K. Antonopoulos, G. C. Mavropoulos, and D. T. Hountalas, Development and validation of a new turbocharger simulation methodology for marine two stroke diesel engine modelling and diagnostic applications, Energy, vol. 91, no. January, pp , [5] C. O. Katsanos, D. T. Hountalas, and T. C. Zannis, Simulation of a heavy-duty diesel engine with electrical turbocompounding system using operating charts for turbocharger components and power turbine, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 76, pp , [6] M. Karabektas, The effects of turbocharger on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel, Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 4, pp , [7] J. C. Cazarolli, R. Guzatto, D. Samios, M. do C. R. Peralba, E. H. de S. Cavalcanti, and F. M. Bento, Susceptibility of linseed, soybean, and olive biodiesel to growth of the deteriogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 95, no. PB, pp , 2014.

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