DRAFT SAINT LUCIA NATIONAL STANDARD DNS 67 SPECIFICATION FOR UNLEADED GASOLINE

Transcription

1 DRAFT SAINT LUCIA NATIONAL STANDARD DNS 67 SPECIFICATION FOR UNLEADED GASOLINE For Public comment Stage 40 - Enquiry stage January 2014 Copyright SLBS Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards, (2014) No part of this standard may be reproduced in any form without the prior consent of the Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards in writing. This does not preclude quotation(s) from the standard for the purpose of review or comments. SAINT LUCIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS P. O. BOX CP 5412 BISEE INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CASTRIES SAINT LUCIA TEL: FAX: slbs@candw.lc i

2 Website: GENERAL STATEMENT The Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards was established under the Standards Act (No. 14 of 1990) and started operations on 01 April A broad-based 15-member Standards Council directs the affairs of the Bureau. The Standards Act gives the Bureau the responsibility to develop and promote standards and codes of practice for products and services for the protection of the health and safety of consumers and the environment as well as for industrial development in order to promote the enhancement of the economy of Saint Lucia. The Bureau develops standards through consultations with relevant interest groups. In accordance with the provisions of the Standards Act, public comment is invited on all draft standards before they are declared as Saint Lucia National Standards. The Bureau also administers the Metrology Act No. 17 of This legislation gives the Bureau the responsibility to regulate all weights and measures and to manage and co-ordinate the metrication of Saint Lucia. The Bureau operates a Product Certification Scheme applicable to all products for which national standards exist. If a product satisfies all the requirements for certification, a licence to carry the Saint Lucia Standard Mark is issued to the manufacturer of the product. The presence of the mark on a product indicates that the product conforms to all the requirements of a specific national standard and assures consistent quality (of the product) to the consumer. The Bureau is a member body of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), an affiliate member of the International Electrochemical Commission (IEC) and a member of the CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality (CROSQ) and the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT). The Bureau is the local agent for several foreign standards bodies such as the British Standards Institution (BSI) and the ASTM International (formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials). The Bureau serves as the enquiry point for the World Trade Organisation (WTO) on matters pertaining to the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement. The Bureau also serves as the National CODEX Alimentarius enquiry point with responsibility for coordinating national positions on CODEX matters. In accordance with good practice for the adoption and application of standards, Saint Lucia National Standards are subject to review every five years. Suggestions for improvements are always welcomed at any time after publication of the standard. ii SLBS 2014

3 SPECIFICATION FOR UNLEADED GASOLINE AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE LAST PUBLICATION Amendment no. Date of issue Type of Amendment Text(s) affected SLBS 2014 iii

4 ATTACHMENT PAGE FOR SLBS AMENDMENT SHEET iv SLBS 2014

5 SAINT LUCIA NATIONAL STANDARD DNS 67 SPECIFICATION FOR UNLEADED GASOLINE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR MECHANICAL PRODUCTS AND PRACTICES The following persons comprised the Technical Committee which was responsible for the formulation of the standard: Chairman Verne Emmanuel Representing General Interest Members Rodriguez Hyacinth Marius Modeste Tera Victor Ministry of Infrastructure Ports Services and Transport National Consumers Association General Interest Marc Sifflet Minvielle and Chastnet (Texaco distributor) Chad Maurice Texaco West Indies Ltd. Daren Cenac Godfrey Aimable Saint Lucia Air and Sea Ports Authority Saint Lucia Fire Service Francis Raphael Ministry of Commerce, Business Development, Investment and Consumer Affairs, Consumer Affairs Department Cornelius Gedeon Sir Arthur Lewis Community College SLBS 2014 v

6 DRAFT AINT LUCIA NATIONAL STANDARD DNS 67 SPECIFICATION FOR UNLEADED GASOLINE WORKING GROUP FOR MECHANICAL PRODUCTS AND PRACTICES The following persons comprised the Technical Committee which was responsible for the formulation of the standard: Members Verne Emmanuel Tera Victor Shane Wells Randall Bain Godfrey Ferdinard Eugenie Dalson Chad Maurice Sheldon Julien (Technical Secretary) Jilian King (Standards Assistant) Representing General Interest General Interest Beachcomber Ltd Northwest Ltd National Council on Public Transportation Sol EC Ltd Chevron West Indies Ltd Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards vi SLBS 2014

7 Contents Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and Definitions Labelling Requirements Methods of test... 6 Annex A (normative) Sampling of gasoline... 8 Tables Table 1 Anti-knock values for grades of gasoline... 5 Table 2 Reproducibility of RON/MON test method... 5 Table 3 Specification limits and test methods for all grades of unleaded gasoline... 7 SLBS 2014 vii

8 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK viii SLBS 2014

9 Foreword In this standard, the minimum acceptable quality requirements for unleaded petrol sold or used in Saint Lucia are specified with the objective of addressing protection of the environment and the consumer or user against danger to health. The application of this standard will also allow for reduction in the number of reported cases of damaged engines due to poor petrol quality. The standard stipulates quality requirements and accompanying test methods for unleaded petrol termed as gasoline to be provided on the local market. It is intended that this standard will form the basis for procurement by petroleum dealers to specify the minimum requirements of fuel to be supplied to Saint Lucia. The information provided to the consumer or user will permit a selection of the required grade of petrol. The selection of a particular grade by the consumer will require consideration of the fuel price and availability; engine maintenance considerations; engine size and design; emission control systems; speed and load ranges; frequency of changes in speed, load and atmospheric conditions. In the preparation of this national standard assistance was derived from: ASTM D 525 Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method); BS EN 228: 2008 Automotive fuels unleaded Petrol - requirements and test methods TTS 269: 2007 Unleaded gasoline for motor vehicles - specification Annex A is a normative annex which specifies the requirements for sampling of gasoline. 1 Scope This standard specifies the properties and test methods for unleaded gasoline intended for use in Saint Lucia. The standard is applicable to unleaded gasoline formulated for, but not limited to, motor vehicles. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASTM D 86 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure; SLBS

10 ASTM D 95 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous materials by Distillation; ASTM D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent) ASTM D 130 Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness of Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test; ASTM D 323 Standard Test Method for Vapour Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method); ASTM D 381 Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation; ASTM D 525 Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method); ASTM D 1266 Standard Test Method for Sulphur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method); ASTM D 1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity) or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method; ASTM D 1319 Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption; ASTM D 2533 Standard Test Method for Vapour-Liquid Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels; ASTM D 2699 Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel; ASTM D 2700 Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel; ASTM D 3227 Standard Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulphur in Gasoline, Kerosene, Aviation turbine and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric Method); ASTM D 3231 Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline; ASTM D 3237 Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; ASTM D 3606 Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography; ASTM D 4052 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter; 2 SLBS 2014

11 ASTM D 4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products; ASTM D 4294 Standard Test Method for Sulphur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry; ASTM D a Standard Specification for Automotive Spark Ignition Engine Fuel; ASTM D 4815 Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-amly Alcohol and C1 to C2 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography; and ASTM D 5191 Standard Test Method for Vapour Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method). ISO 3830: 1993 Petroleum products Determination of lead content Iodine monochloride method. Institute of Petroleum - IP 30/92: 02, Aromatic hydrocarbons- Test for presence of mercaptans (thiols) Doctor test; Institute of Petroleum - IP 224: 04, Determination of low lead content of light petroleum distillates by dithizone extraction and colorimetric determination. 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this standard the following definitions apply: 3.1 additive a chemical substance added to gasoline usually in small quantities, to impart desirable properties to, or to prevent deterioration of the gasoline 3.2 adulteration the blending of a higher grade gasoline with lower grades or solvents 3.3 anti-knock index (A.K.I.) a calculated value obtained by adding the Research Octane Number(RON) and the Motor Octane Number (MON),and dividing the sum by two. NOTE 1 Anti-knock Index is also referred to as Octane index (O.I.) NOTE 2 A.K.I. = (RON + MON) /2 3.4 gasoline a volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark- ignition internal combustion engines 3.5 gasoline-alcohol blend a blend consisting primarily of gasoline and a substantial amount of one or more alcohols SLBS

12 3.6 gasoline-oxygenate blend a blend consisting primarily of gasoline and a substantial amount of one or more oxygenates 3.7 knock a characteristic high-pitch metallic noise, or pinging sound that occurs when the unburnt gases ahead of the flame front spontaneously ignite, resulting in an excessive rate of pressure rise 3.8 motor octane number (MON) the octane number determined by the motor method under more severe conditions than those used in the research method, that is, high temperature in the entry mixture and relatively high engine speed 3.9 octane number a measure of the anti-knock characteristics of gasoline 3.10 oxygenate an oxygen-containing ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement 3.11 research octane number (RON) the octane number arrived at by the research method which the anti-knock behaviour of the gasoline under slightly severe conditions of operation or rather low temperature in the entry mixture or blend and relatively low revolutions in the motor 4 Requirements 4.1 General Requirements When tested in accordance with 6.2 there shall be no adulteration of gasoline When sampled in accordance with Annex A and tested in accordance with the methods given in Table 3, the gasoline shall comply with the limiting requirements given in that table The finished gasoline shall be visually free of water, sediment, and suspended, and matter; it shall be clear and bright at ambient temperature of 27 C which is higher Adulteration of gasoline shall be detectable by the use of a suitable identifying agent or marker The marker used shall be 9, 10-Anthracenedione-1, 4-dihydroxy in Esso Aromatic 200(a mixed petroleum solvent). This is comprised of approximately: 60% Heavy Aromatic Solvent naphtha, 40% Middle Distillate Solvent Extract and consist predominantly of C 9 C 15 hydrocarbons, primarily C 10 C 12 and approximately 13 weight % naphthalene. The concentration shall be 40 ppm (weight to volume ratio). 4.2 Requirements for anti-knock values 4 SLBS 2014

13 4.2.1 Gasoline shall be designated depending on the limiting anti-knock values. The limiting anti-knock values can be expressed as RON, or the nominal MON When sampled in accordance with Annex A, and tested in accordance with ASTM D 2699 or ASTM D 2700, the anti-knock values for premium grade expressed as RON or MON shall be not be less than the minimum values given in Table 1. Table 1 Anti-knock values for grades of gasoline Where there is only one determination of the anti-knock value which is less than the nominal value, then the product shall be considered to have failed the specification limit, with 95% confidence, only if the determination X is such that. where Property Premium Super Regular X < A 0.84 x R 2 Test Method RON ASTM D a MON ASTM D a X is the anti-knock value; R is the reproducibility of the test method given in Tables 2 and 3; and A is the minimum RON or MON for the grade. NOTE 1 Reproducibility is a quantitative expression if the random error associated with operators working in different laboratories, each obtaining a single result on a portion of the same sample. It is the difference between two such single and independent results that would be exceeded in the long run in only one case in twenty in the normal and correct operation of the test method. This is known as the 95% probability level. NOTE 2 Extensive data obtained from consumer and producer laboratories over a number of years for many samples of conventional gasoline have shown that the reproducibility of fuel ratings between laboratories varies with octane number level. Table 2 Reproducibility of RON test method Limiting Antiknock Value Reproducibility,R Property RON MON NOTE The reproducibility of the test method as specified in Table 3 is based on information contained in ASTM D Colour coding gasoline shall be undyed and contain natural colour. SLBS

14 5 Labelling The following information shall be legibly marked on each dispensing pump and each container of unleaded gasoline intended for sale to the public: a) the name or trademark of the supplier or vendor of the unleaded gasoline; b) the nominal RON value of the unleaded gasoline; and c) the grade designation. 6 Methods of test 6.1 General Tests for the properties outlined in Tables 1 and 3 shall be performed using the corresponding test methods given in those tables. 6.2 Test for detecting adulteration Adulteration of Premium gasoline shall be tested by the following method: 5 ml of a reagent which consist of 50 % glycerine, 45 % water and 5 % sodium hydroxide shall be added to 95 ml of premium gasoline. This shall be left to stand for approximately two minutes, against a white background. A purpose colour will be observed if there is adulteration. 6 SLBS 2014

15 Table 3 Specification limits and test methods for all grades of unleaded gasoline Properties Unit Limit Reference test Minimum Maximum method Water and suspended % by ASTM D 95 matter (non-visible) volume Distillate evaporated at % by o C volume Distillate evaporated at % by o C volume ASTM D 86 Distillate evaporated at % by o C volume Final Boiling Point o C Residue % by - 2 Temperature for vapour/liquid ratio volume o C 60 - ASTM D 8414/ D2533 Density Kg/m ASTM D 1298/ D4052 Corrosion resistance a - - Classification ASTM D e1 (Copper), 3h at 50 o C 1 Sulphur content % by mass ASTM D 1266 /D Phosphorus content mg/l ASTM D 3231 Existent gum mg/100ml - 5 ASTM D 381 Oxidation stability minutes ASTM D 525 Lead content b g/l ISO 3830/ASTM D 3237 / IP224 Mercaptan Sulphur % mass ASTM D 3227/ D235 or IP 30/92 Reid vapour pressure kpa - 62 ASTM D / D e1 Benzene content % by - < 3 ASTM D volume Olefins % by - 20 ASTM D 1319 volume Oxygen % by mass ASTM D 4815 a The corrosive effects of gasoline is verified by the use of the Copper Strip method. Classification 1 indicates least corrosion. b The intentional addition of lead is not permitted. SLBS

16 Annex A (normative) Sampling of gasoline A.1 General A.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, all sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant procedures of ASTM D (2000) and, additionally as detailed in A.2. NOTE Attention is drawn to the special precautions required in obtaining samples for the determination of Reid Vapour Pressure (see ASTM D ). A.2 Sampling from gasoline pumps A.2.1 Sampling cans A2.1.1 Cans for sampling from gasoline pumps shall be of 1 litre and 5 litre capacities. A The construction of the cans shall comply with the appropriate safety requirements for cans that are to hold highly flammable material. They shall be provided with screw caps incorporating a petroleum resistant washer in good condition. A.2.2 Preparation of cans There shall be cans kept solely for the purpose of taking gasoline samples. New cans shall be rinsed with gasoline before being used, remove any residual traces of oil left during manufacturing operations, and then allowed to dry. Before use, all cans shall be checked to ensure that they are in sound condition and free from leaks. A.2.3 Sampling procedures A.2.3.1From the pump nozzle, 5 litres of petrol shall be drawn carefully into a cool 5 litres can using a clean dry funnel. Immediately afterwards, this sample shall be decanted carefully into the requisite number of 1l cans, using a funnel and filling the cans within 15 mm of the brim. A If more than 5 litres are needed, the operation shall be repeated immediately and before the pump has been used for any other purpose. The screw caps shall be tightened fully and the cans checked to ensure that there are no leaks. NOTE 1 where practicable, the sampling should not be carried out in direct sunlight because not only is there an increased possibility of losing the volatile components of the sample, but also the hazard of fire or explosion is increased. Changes in fuel quality, especially octane number, may also occur. NOTE 2 A quantity of 1 litre is sufficient for the determination of octane number and certain other tests but it is advisable to provide each laboratory with 2 litres of sample in case further work is needed: it is essential that these 2 litres be of identical material. 8 SLBS 2014

17 A.3 Storage, labelling and transport A.3.1 Samples shall be kept in a cool place although it is not necessary to keep them refrigerated. A.3.2 Full and legible information relating to the source of the sample shall be attached to the can in such a manner that it will not easily become detached. NOTE 1 Where applicable, the storage of the sample should be in direct sunlight because not only is there an increased possibility of losing the volatile components of the sample but also the hazard of fire or explosion is increased. There is also the possibility that cans will balloon. NOTE 2 If required, the sample may be sealed and labelled to maintain its legal integrity. NOTE 3 If the sample has to be sent to a laboratory by public transport, it will be necessary to comply with the general regulations covering transportation of flammable materials and with the requirements of the transport authority concerned. Information on the appropriate procedures and the type of packaging required should be obtained from the transport authority involved. SLBS