Degumming and Centrifuge Selection, Optimization and Maintenance
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1 Degumming and Centrifuge Selection, Optimization and Maintenance IUPAC-AOCS Workshop on Fats, Oils and Oilseeds Analysis and Production Andrew Logan Alfa Laval Copenhagen A/S
2 Physical Refining Crude Oil Chemical Refining Water Degumming Gums drying Crude Lecithin Acid Gums To meal or feed lecithin Special Degumming Dewaxing Alkali Neutralisation Dewaxing Soapstock splitting Acid Oil Bleaching Bleaching Hydrogenation Deacidification/ Deodorisation Edible Oil Deodorisation Edible Oil Fatty Acid Distillate
3 Purpose of Degumming Commercial Lecithin production Prevent crude oil settling during storage or transport Waste water (prevent acidulation of gums) Physical Refining Reduction in neutralisation losses
4 Physical Refining Feedstock Parameters Seed Oil (Soybean, Rapeseed, Sunflower) FFA < 2% higher FFA indicates low quality oil and may not be suitable for physical refining Phosphorous < 5 ppm, <2 desired Iron < 0.2 ppm
5 Chemical Refining Feedstock Parameters Seed Oil (Soybean, Rapeseed, Sunflower) FFA < 3% Phosphorous < 1200 ppm, < 200 ppm desired
6 Water Degumming Process Steps Heat oil to C Water addition and mixing Hydration mixing 30 minutes Centrifugal separation of hydrated gums Vacuum drying of degummed oil Gums - dried for edible lecithin or recombined in meal
7 Water Degumming Mixer Reactor Vacuum Water Crude oil Vacuum dryer Gums To storage Heater Steam Separator Heater Steam
8 Water Degumming Target Results: Phosphorous in oil - 50 to 200 ppm max. AI% in dried gums - 65 to 70%. Moisture in dried oil - < 0.1%.
9 Acid Degumming Process Steps Heat oil to C Acid addition and mixing Hydration mixing 30 minutes Centrifugal separation of hydrated gums Vacuum drying of degummed oil Gums - recombined in meal
10 Acid Degumming Reactor Water Mixer Mixer To drying/storage Crude oil Steam Heater Acid Separator Gums
11 Acid Degumming Target Results: Phosphorous in oil - 20 to 50 ppm max. AI% in dried gums - 65 to 70% Moisture in dried oil - < 0.1%
12 Major Deep Degumming Methods Alfa Laval Special Degumming Super/Uni Degumming TOP Degumming Organic Refining Process Soft Degumming Enzymatic Degumming
13 Deep Degumming Deep degumming utilizes a reagent like acid to chelate Iron, Calcium, and Magnesium away from the NHP complex. Once the Iron, Calcium, and Magnesium are removed from the NHP complex the phosphatide becomes hydratable Enzymatic degumming utilizes an enzyme to modify the NHP into a hydratable form.
14 Alfa Laval Special Degumming Heat oil to 60 o C % Phosphoric Acid with intensive mixing Partially neutralise with dilute lye (hydration water) Gentle mixing and holding for 60 minutes Gums centrifugation Optional water wash step for lower phosphorous Oil drying
15 Alfa Laval Special Degumming Mixer Mixer Reactor Cooling water Steam To drying/storage Steam Lye Gums Crude oil Heater Acid Water Oil temperature trimmer Separator
16 Alfa Laval 2-stage Special Degumming Mixer Mixer Reactor Cooling water Steam Mixer To drying/ storage Crude oil Heater Steam Oil temperature Neutralising trimmer route Water Separator Gums or soapstock Separator Waste water Acid Lye
17 Alfa Laval Special Degumming Target Results: Phosphorous in oil - 20 to 30 ppm max. Phosphorous in oil - 8 to 10 ppm max. with washing AI% in dried gums - 50 to 60% Moisture in dried oil - < 0.1%
18 Disc Stack Centrifuges Alternative name: High Speed Separators (HSS)
19 Gravitational to Centrifugal Force 1. Centrifugal separation vessel with disc-stack >5000 g
20 Clarification Removal of solids phase from a mixture of liquid and solids
21 Concentration Liquid/liquid separation (also solids if present) Maximum cleaning of the heavy phase Therefore holes in disc-stack closer to the centre
22 Purification Liquid/liquid separation (also solids if present) Maximum cleaning of the light phase Therefore holes in disc-stack closer to the periphery
23 HSS Bowl Development
24 HSS Unit Capacities Year 1892 Capacity (TPD)
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