PARTICULATES Plenary Meeting
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1 PARTICULATES Plenary Meeting 27 and 28 January 03, Brussels Theodor Sams ID-NR
2 Contents of Presentation Test Engines and Fuels Test Sequence Test-bed Set up Project Status - AVL Sa-NR.-2
3 Contents of Presentation Test Engines and Fuels Test Sequence Test-bed Set up Project Status - AVL Sa-NR.-3
4 Engines and Fuels Test Engines (2l / cyl) EU 3 serial HDDE - without aftertreatment system EU 4 prototype HDDE - with EGR and CRT-System EU 5 prototype HDDE - with SCR-System / without Particulate Trap Sa-NR.-4
5 Engines and Fuels EU 3 12 Litre Engine Sa-NR.-5
6 Engines and Fuels EU 4 12 Litre Engine Sa-NR.-6
7 Engines and Fuels EU 5 12 Litre Engine Sa-NR.-7
8 Engines and Fuels Test Fuels FUEL Engine D-6 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 (300ppm S) (300ppm S) (50ppm S) (10ppm S) (S. Class 1) EU 3 EU 4 EU 5 Sa-NR.-8
9 Contents of Presentation Test Engines and Fuels Test Sequence Test-bed Set up Project Status - AVL Sa-NR.-9
10 Test Sequence Measurements Warm-up Test Programme (Road load + 0,5 h full load, rated speed) Dummy ESC ESC WP 300 protocol Regulated gaseous and PM emissions ETC + TrDMPS ETC + TrDMPS WP 300 protocol Regulated gaseous and PM emissions NH3 on EU-5 only Test Sequence Extended Steady States - ECE R-49 Mode 2 - ESC Mode 5 - ESC Mode 12 - Road load, speed 50/50 A/C - 25% load, speed A-10% - 50% load, 50% speed Change of fuel Cleaning of equipment (WP 300 protocol). SMPS in place of CPC to provide size distribution on wet branch NOTE : For SMPS measurements at all extended steady state conditions Stabilise engine, temperatures, gaseous emissions Run series of 2 minute SMPS scans Stop after 3 stable SMPS scans are achieved PAH and Aldehyde measurements at modes 5 and 12 only (1 fuel block only) Sa-NR.-10
11 Test Sequence Steady State Load Points related to ESC Test ESC (OICA / ACEA Cycle) 8% 9% 8% % 5% 5% Load % Additional modes determined by certification personnel % 5% 5% Steady state load points 10% 5% 5% % A B C Idle Engine speed % Sa-NR.-11
12 Test Sequence Fuel / Engine Sequence Test Block EU-3 EU-4 EU-5 1 D-2 D-5 D-3 1 D-3 D-3 D-4 1 D-5 D-4 D-5 1 D-4 1 D-6 2 D-5+ R* D-4+ R* D-5+ R* 2 D-4+ R* D-5+ R* D-3+ R* 2 D-2+ R* D-3+ R* D-4+ R* 2 D-6+ R* 2 D-3+ R* 3 D-6 D-3 D-4 3 D-4 D-4 D-5 3 D-3 D-5 D-3 3 D-5 3 D-2 3 Total Sa-NR.-12
13 Contents of Presentation Test Engines and Fuels Test Sequence Test-bed Set up Project Status - AVL Sa-NR.-13
14 Test-bed Set up PM - Measurement Equipment DDMPS TrDMPS Diluter Thermodenude r Exhaust ELPI Secondary Diluter DC CPC SMPS CPC Sa-NR.-14
15 Test-bed Set up Sa-NR.-15
16 Test-bed Set up Sa-NR.-16
17 Test-bed Set up Sa-NR.-17
18 Test Programme Test Cycle - Measuring Equipment Test cycle ESC ETC Extended Steady State Measurement Equipment Particuates: AVL Smart Sampler DDMPS TrDMS ELPI SMPS DC EU 4, 5 EU 4, 5 EU 4, 5 CPC EU 4, 5 EU 3 overflow Gaseous emissions: AVL-Combustion Emission Bench Aldehydes: Gas Chrom. - Mass Spectroscopy PAH: Gas Chrom. - Mass Spectros. NH3: MS: Mass Spectroscopy EU 5 EU 5 Modes 5, 12 Modes 5, 12 EU 5 Sa-NR.-18
19 Contents of Presentation Test Engines and Fuels Test Sequence Test-bed Set up Project Status - AVL Sa-NR.-19
20 Test Fuels FUEL Engine D-6 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 (300ppm S) (300ppm S) (50ppm S) (10ppm S) (S. Class 1) EU 3 EU 4 EU 5 Sa-NR.-20
21 Global Results Sa-NR.-21
22 NOx - ESC Test NOx - ESC emission Fuel D5 NOx [g/kwh] 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Test block 1 Test block 2 Test block 3 EU 3 EU 4 Engine EU 5 Sa-NR.-22
23 Particulates - ESC Test PM - ESC emission Fuel D5 0, ,05 PM [g/kwh] 0,04 0,03 0,02 0,01 0 Lube Fuel Insol EU 3 EU 4 EU 5 Engine Sa-NR.-23
24 NOx - ETC Test NOx - ETC emission Fuel D5 NOx [g/kwh] Test block 1 Test block 2 Test block 3 Test block 3 - Prof. Reischl 0 EU 3 EU 4 EU 5 Engine Sa-NR.-24
25 Particulates - ETC Test 0,16 PM - ETC emission Fuel D5 PM [g/kwh] 0,08 0,07 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,02 0,01 Lube Fuel Insol 0 EU 3 EU 4 EU 5 Engine Sa-NR.-25
26 DDMPS Dual Differential Mobility Particle Sizer Sa-NR.-26
27 EU 3 Engine - ESC - DDMPS dn/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 EU 3 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ESC Particle Number Size Distribution DDMPS Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-27
28 EU 4 Engine - ESC - DDMPS dn/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 EU 4 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ESC Particle Number Size Distribution DDMPS Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-28
29 EU 5 Engine - ESC - DDMPS dn/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 EU 5 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ESC Particle Number Size Distribution DDMPS Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-29
30 EU3, 4, 5 - ESC - DDMPS <30 nm Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,E+08 1,E+07 1,E+06 1,E+05 1,E+04 1,E+03 Total Number Concentration DDMPS <30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3 / 4 / 5 <30 nm EU3_D5 <30 nm EU4_D5 <30 nm EU5_D5 test block 1 test block 2 test block 3 Sa-NR.-30
31 1,E+08 EU3, 4, 5 - ESC - DDMPS >30 nm Total Number Concentration DDMPS >30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3 / 4 / 5 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,E+07 1,E+06 1,E+05 1,E+04 1,E+03 >30 nm EU3_D5 >30 nm EU4_D5 >30 nm EU5_D5 test block 1 test block 2 test block 3 Sa-NR.-31
32 SMPS Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Sa-NR.-32
33 dw/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 EU 3 Engine - ESC - SMPS EU 3 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ESC Particle Number Size Distribution SMPS Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E+05 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-33
34 EU 4 Engine - ESC - SMPS EU 4 Engine dw/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 Fuel D5 2. Block ESC Particle Number Size Distribution SMPS Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E+05 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-34
35 EU 5 Engine - ESC - SMPS EU 5 Engine dw/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 Fuel D5 2. Block ESC Particle Number Size Distribution SMPS Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E+05 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-35
36 EU3, 4, 5 - ESC - SMPS <30 nm 1,00E+07 Total Number Concentration, SMPS < 30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 Sum for stages below 30 nm multiplied with the ESC weight factor Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 1,00E+03 <30nm EU3_D5 <30nm EU4_D5 <30nm EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-36
37 EU3, 4, 5 - ESC - SMPS >30 nm 1,00E+08 Total Number Concentration, SMPS > 30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 Sum of stages above 30 nm multiplied with the ESC weight factor Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,00E+07 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 1,00E+03 >30nm EU3_D5 >30nm EU4_D5 >30nm EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-37
38 ELPI Electrical Low Pressure Impactor Sa-NR.-38
39 EU 3 Engine - ESC - ELPI 1,0E+07 EU 3 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ESC (13 Mode Test) Particle Number Size Distribution ELPI dw/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-39
40 EU 4 Engine - ESC - ELPI dw/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 EU 4 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ESC (13 Mode Test) Particle Number Size Distribution ELPI Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-40
41 EU 4 Engine - ESC - ELPI dw/dln(dp) [/cm3] 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 EU 5 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ESC (13 Mode Test) Particle Number Size Distribution ELPI Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 12 Mode 13 1,0E Dp [nm] Sa-NR.-41
42 EU3, 4, 5 - ESC - ELPI >30 nm Total Number Concentration, ELPI > 30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 1,00E+06 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 1,00E+02 1,00E+01 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 1,00E+00 >30nm EU3_D5 >30nm EU4_D5 >30nm EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-42
43 DC Diffusion Charger Sa-NR.-43
44 EU4, 5 - ESC - Diffusion Charger 1,0E+05 Diffusion Charger, Surface to volume ratio Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 Sum of 12 modes multiplied with the ESC weight factor Diffusion Charger [ym2/cm3] 1,0E+04 1,0E+03 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 1,0E+02 EU3_D5 EU4_D5 EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-44
45 TrDMPS Transient Differential Mobility Particle Spectrometer Sa-NR.-45
46 EU 3 - ETC - TrDMPS Total Total Number Concentration EURO3 Engine, ETC Test, D5c, Series 1 Total Number Concentration N_tot, [/cm³ ] 1E+009 1E+008 1E+007 1E+006 Torque N_tot Torque, [Nm] 1E Time after Start (-20s), [ s ] Sa-NR.-46
47 EU 4 - ETC - TrDMPS Total Total Number Concentration EURO4 Engine, ETC Test, D5c, Series 1 Total Number Concentration N_tot, [/cm³ ] 1E+007 1E+006 1E+005 Torque N_tot Torque, [Nm] 1E Time after Start (-20s), [ s ] Sa-NR.-47
48 EU 5 - ETC - TrDMPS Total Total Number Concentration EURO5 Engine, ETC Test, D5b, Series 1 Total Number Concentration N_tot, [/cm³ ] 1E+008 1E+007 1E+006 1E+005 Torque N_tot Torque, [Nm] 1E Time after Start (-20s), [ s ] Sa-NR.-48
49 EU 5 - ETC - TrDMPS Size Size Distribution EURO3 Engine, ETC Test D5C, Series 1: Section 1 D5b Sa-NR.-49
50 EU 3 - ETC - TrDMPS Mean Mean Diameter EURO3 Engine, ETC Test, D5c, Series 1 Geometric Mean Particle Diameter, [nm] Torque GMD Torque, [Nm] Time after Start (-20s), [ s ] Sa-NR.-50
51 EU 4 - ETC - TrDMPS Mean Mean Diameter EURO4 Engine, ETC Test, D5c, Series 1 Geometric Mean Particle Diameter, [nm] Torque GMD Torque, [Nm] Time after Start (-20s), [ s ] Sa-NR.-51
52 EU 5 - ETC - TrDMPS Mean Mean Diameter EURO5 Engine, ETC Test, D5b, Series 1 Geometric Mean Particle Diameter, [nm] Torque GMD Torque, [Nm] Time after Start (-20s), [ s ] Sa-NR.-52
53 ELPI (transient) Electrical Low Pressure Impactor Sa-NR.-53
54 EU 4 - ETC - ELPI Total Total Number Concentration Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 EU 4 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ETC ELPI Mean total number concentration: 1,49E Engine Torque [N] ELPI Torque 1,0E Time [sec] Sa-NR.-54
55 EU 5 - ETC - ELPI Total Total Number Concentration 1,0E+08 EU 5 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ETC ELPI Mean total number concentration: 4,47E ELPI Torque Total Number Concentration[/cm3] 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E Engine Torque [N] 500 1,0E Time [sec] Sa-NR.-55
56 CPC Condensation Particle Counter Sa-NR.-56
57 EU 3 - ETC - CPC Total Total Number Concentration Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 EU 3 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ETC CPC Mean total number concentration: 1,68E Torque [Nm] CPC RPM 1,0E Time [sec] Sa-NR.-57
58 EU 4 - ETC - CPC Total Total Number Concentration EU 4 Engine 1,0E+08 Fuel D5 2. Block ETC (Trancient Test) Total number concentration CPC 5000 CPC RPM Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 Mean total number concentration: 3,28E Torque [Nm] 1,0E Time [sec] Sa-NR.-58
59 EU 5 - ETC - CPC Total Total Number Concentration 1,0E+08 EU 5 Engine Fuel D5 2. Block ETC (Trancient Test) CPC 5000 CPC RPM Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 Mean total number concentration: 8,66E Torque [Nm] 1,0E Time [sec] Sa-NR.-59
60 EU3, 4, 5 - ETC - CPC 1,0E+08 Condensation Particle Counter Fuel D5 / ETC / EURO 3/4/5 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 Block 2 1,0E+03 EU3_D5 EU4_D5 EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-60
61 Comparison Measuring System - Results Sa-NR.-61
62 Comparison - ESC - DDMPS and SMPS <30 nm Total Number Concentration DDMPS <30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3 / 4 / 5 1,00E+08 Total Number Concentration, SMPS < 30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 Sum of stages below 30 nm multiplied with the ESC weight factor 1,E+08 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,E+07 1,E+06 1,E+05 1,E+04 test block 1 test block 2 test block 3 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,00E+07 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 1,E+03 <30 nm EU3_D5 <30 nm EU4_D5 <30 nm EU5_D5 1,00E+03 <30nm EU3_D5 <30nm EU4_D5 <30nm EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-62
63 Comparison - ESC - DDMPS and SMPS >30 nm 1,E+08 Total Number Concentration DDMPS >30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3 / 4 / 5 1,00E+08 Total Number Concentration, SMPS > 30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 Sum of stages above 30 nm multiplied with the ESC weight factor Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,E+07 1,E+06 1,E+05 1,E+04 test block 1 test block 2 test block 3 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,00E+07 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 1,E+03 >30 nm EU3_D5 >30 nm EU4_D5 >30 nm EU5_D5 1,00E+03 >30nm EU3_D5 >30nm EU4_D5 >30nm EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-63
64 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,E+08 1,E+07 1,E+06 1,E+05 1,E+04 1,E+03 Comparison - ESC - DDMPS - SMPS >30 nm - ELPI - Diffusion Charger Total Number Concentration DDMPS >30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3 / 4 / 5 >30 nm EU3_D5 >30 nm EU4_D5 >30 nm EU5_D5 test block 1 test block 2 test block 3 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,00E+08 1,00E+07 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 Total Number Concentration, SMPS > 30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 Sum of stages above 30 nm multiplied with the ESC weight factor >30nm EU3_D5 >30nm EU4_D5 >30nm EU5_D5 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Total Number Concentration, ELPI > 30 nm Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 1,0E+05 Diffusion Charger, Surface to volume ratio Fuel D5 / ESC / EURO 3/4/5 Sum of 12 modes multiplied with the ESC weight factor 1,00E+06 Total Number Concentration [/cm3] 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 1,00E+02 1,00E+01 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Diffusion Charger [ym2/cm3] 1,0E+04 1,0E+03 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 1,00E+00 >30nm EU3_D5 >30nm EU4_D5 >30nm EU5_D5 1,0E+02 EU3_D5 EU4_D5 EU5_D5 Sa-NR.-64
65 Contents of Presentation Test Engines and Fuels Test Sequence Test-bed Set up Example Test Results Project Status - AVL Sa-NR.-65
66 Project Status AVL Work Programme Demand - Work Progress WP 400 and 500 Demand: HD engine tests to assess concept effects Progress: Test bed work is completed WP 600 Demand: Analysis and evaluation of results Progress: In progress, will be finished end of February Sa-NR.-66
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