DST s Programme on Bio-fuels

Transcription

1 DST s Programme on Bio-fuels Sanjay Bajpai Department of Science & Technology (DST) Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India Website: Acknowledgement: All Academicians, Scientists and Technologists who enthusiastically responded to DST s foray in Biofuels and Contributed to enrichment of the Programme.

2 Department of Science and Technology (DST) DST, currently enjoys the status of India s main Extra Mural Research Support system with a share of about 50% of funding for research through EMR route

3 * 07-08* YEAR R&D Expenditure GNP (%) PE RCE N T A G E O F G N P R& D E X PE N D IT U RE (RS. CRO RE S) NATIONAL R&D EXPENDITURE AND ITS PERCENTAGE TO GNP

4 NATIONAL R&D EXPENDITURE SECTOR- WISE, Central Govt. 57% Private Sec. Ind. 26% Higher Edu. Sec. 4% Public Sec. Ind. 5% Central Govt. Private Sec. Ind. State Govt. 8% State Govt. Total = Rs Crores Public Sec. Ind. Higher Edu. Sec.

5 R&D SUPPORT BY CENTRAL S&T AGENCIES DURING OTHERS AICTE UGC DAE CSIR DRDO ICMR MOCIT Total Approved cost = Rs Cr Total Projects = 3515 MOS DBT DST Others include : DOC,MOEF,MNRE,PCRA,ISRO,DSIR and AYUSH

6 Select Mandate of DST S&T Policies (1983, 2003) R&D in emerging areas ( Biotechnology, Renewable Energy, Environment, Earth System, Nano Technology etc.) Interdisciplinary & multi Institutional R&D (Gyrotron, Hospital Waste Incineration, Water Purification etc.) Demonstration of technology for replication (Micro Hydel) International Cooperation on Science & Technology Collation of R&D Data

7 Illustrative examples Inter Disciplinary & Multi Institutional R&D CooperationGyrotron Institutional Responsibilities Collector magnet coils (IPR) Electron gun (CEERI) Cavity (BHU) Cathode (CEERI) Electron Beam Collector (CEERI) IIT (R) Gun magnet coil (IPR) Collector insulator Main Magnet coil (IPR) Power Supply (IPR) Window (SAMEER)

8 Illustrative examples Industry Institute Collaboration Plasma Technologies Plasma Pyrolysis System Development Hospital Waste disposal

9 Ilustrative examples Industry Institute Collaboration Safe Drinking Water Distributed Energy Generation Arsenic Removal 2 X 50 kw Micro Hydel Project at Thuvopisu, Nagaland Defluoridation

10 Pan IIT Initiative Department of Science and Technology has initiated a PAN IIT network programme on solar energy research Thematic Network research Solar energy materials Solar energy devices (for user direct load applications) Storage devices Power electronics for grid synchronization Convergent Solar thermal technology solutions (25 kw to 1 MW) Off Grid 24X7 complete with storage and power electronics Convergent Solar PV technology solutions Power plant requirements

11 100s kw Energy Sources Power Electronics Other Options Can link to Main Grid Batteries Autonomous Grid with Utility Connectivity Fuel Cells with Fuel Flexible PV Others PV Amorphous Si PV CIGS PV Concentrators PV High Efficiency Si Solar Thermal Islanded Grid 1 MW 8 hour per day Storage Pool of Expertise from different IITs and other institutions; DST funding

12 Solar Desalination Saline Feed Utilisation of concentrated solar Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum thermal energy for supplying potable water to a costal Steamin Vapour Vapour Vapour community in Ramanathapuram Solar- Multi Effect Desalination Condensate (MED) Systems delivers 6000 lts/ Brine Discharge Brine Discharge Brine Discharge hour potable water. Integration of Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) based solar thermal steam generating system with the MED system and performance evaluation Fresh Water A parallel feed multi-effect distillation process

13 Hybrid Biomass- Solar Power Plant Pilot scale Demonstration power plant (in association with Thermax) Off grid village level hybrid technology A 256 kw Solar Thermal Technology Demonstration Project at village Shive, Pune in partnership with M/S Thermax Ltd. Operation with solar energy and biomass boiler as backup during the noninsolation period. Parabolic Trough at Shive Village, Pune

14 International Cooperation EPSRC-DST Joint Initiative (Joint fund of 10 million UK pounds with India supporting Indian researchers and UK supporting UK researchers) complete with IPR sharing on reciprocity and parity principle Joint workshop among researchers of India and UK in solar PV research was held Joint call was made and project support mechanism developed EU-India S&T cooperation in solar energy research 5 million Euro on either side earmarked Coordinated call for proposals with joint peer review mechanism placed on ground

15 Allocation of Business to DST on Biofuels ( 3 rd April,2006) Development of indigenous technologies concerning Biofuel : - Production - Processing - Standardisation and - Application R&D to promote utilisation of by-products

16 National Consultations by DST Workshop on Strategies for utilisation of Biofuels (2003)- at Bangalore Interaction on R&D activities on bio-fuels and by-products (2006)- at Pune

17 Outcome of National Consultations - Major Recommendations - Feedstock: Jatropha and Karanja - Use of Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) : scientific validation and field trials - Development of Small capacity Bio-diesel Plant : design, fabrication and demonstration - R&D on value addition in by- products, seed variety, engine performance etc

18 Use of Straight Vegetable Oil Findings Use of Straight vegetable oils leads to severe carbon deposits on engine parts-cylinder Heads, Pistons etc, and Clogging of Injector. Erosion marks 10 % SVO + Diesel White deposit formation 10 % blend High injector deposits 10 % blend

19 Remedial Measures Suggested Filtration and Preheating of the Vegetable Oils before injection, and Frequent Maintenance: Injector clearing fuel filter change, Tube oil change, fuel pump clearing, engine overhauling etc. Outcome Retrofit for pre-heating and Dual Fuel Engine developed for Karanja and Jatropha SVO utilization in single cylinder engine Retrofit For Preheating 10 kw Dual Fuel Engine

20 Indigenous technology for Bio-Diesel Production (Public Private Partnership) Demonstrations at - Chhattisgarh - Uttar Pradesh - Karnataka - Orissa - Uttarakhand - Assam - Arunachal Pradesh

21 Features of the Plant Feedstock - Karanja and Jatropha Crushing Capacity 1 tonne seeds per day Yield 250 ltrs per day Bio-diesel as per BIS standards Plant Cost - Rs lakhs

22 Center for Biofuels (TIFAC) Set up at NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram Mandate is to promote bio-refinery related technologies through - Cutting edge research activities - Knowledge based training - Collaboration with international agencies - Development of strategies and technologies

23 Centre for Bio-fuel technologies- Achievements Technology demonstration of lignocellulosic bio-ethonal for 5 select feedstocks Study report on `Availability of Indian Biomass resources for Exploitation Efficient utilisation of Jatropha seedcake by detoxification and recovery of residual hydrocarbon

24 Research & Development - Ongoing By-Product Utilisation (Karanja) - Use of Cake for development of protein and starch based products - Removal of toxins from Jatropha and Karanja cake - Value added products from crude glycerol

25 Research & Development - Ongoing Studies on Biodiesel / SVO Long term oxidation stability of Biodiesel Bio-diesel blends SVO blends Bio-diesel production through alternate routes - Cellulosic biomass etc. Upscaling of production capacity 250 ltrs to 5000 ltrs per day Catalysts for trans-esterification process

26 Research & Development (Future Efforts) Engine Performance & Oil Characteristics Spray research and detailed combustion studies Reduction of NOx from exhaust Next Generation Biofuels

27 Partners Institutions : IIT-D, IIT-K, IIT-M, IISc, Orissa Agri. University, NERIST,DCE, JSS Academy of Technical Education, CSMCRI, IICT, CIRT, SASTRA Industries : MICO, Ashok Leyland, OFDC, Indian Oil, NTPC Financial Institutions: North Eastern Development Financial Institution, Guwahati

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