London Buses Emissions Reduction. Finn Coyle Environmental Manager, Transport Emissions

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1 London Buses Emissions Reduction Finn Coyle Environmental Manager, Transport Emissions 1

2 NO 2 Exceedences of EU Limit Value in 2011 Inner London and along major roads EU limit value Heathrow 2

3 Modelled Road Transport Sources of NOx Emissions in London NO x Other 1% 2015, GLA Area, Nox (tonnes) Artic HGV % Motorcycles % Licensed Taxis % Gas 38% Road Transport 42% Rigid HGV % Cars % LGV % Regulated Industrial Processes 7% Rail, Aviation & Shipping 12% Bus and Coach % 3

4 / / / / / / / / / / / / /10 Bus Kilometres Operated per Year (millions) Passenger Kilometres per Year (millions) The London Bus Network Buses operate 24 hours per day, 7 days a week Network contracted by TfL from Private Operators 600 London bus network: service volume and usage million journeys per week day ,500 bus stops Bus km Operated (millions) Pax km (millions) routes 8,700 buses

5 Speed (km/h) Calculating the Environmental Impact of the Bus Fleet TfL developed with Millbrook a real world drive cycle based on Route 159 from Brixton to Oxford Street Every new type of bus is tested to ensure CO 2, PM and NOx emissions meet TfL s requirements Enables TfL to model the impact of the Bus Fleet on London emissions and predict the impact of interventions Test Time (secs)

6 PM10 and CO2 emissions p.a. NOx emissions p.a. Fleet Emission Trends PM10 - Tonnes CO2 - Kilotonnes NOx - Tonnes TfL Retrofitted Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) on all its Euro II and III buses (6500 buses)

7 Clean Air Fund DPF Retrofit to Euro IV & V

8 NOx Abatement Retrofit 10 million funding (DfT/TfL) to retrofit 900 Euro 3 buses with SCR NOx reacts with ammonia over the catalyst and reduces it to nitrogen and water (NO and NO 2 ) + NH 3 N 2 + H 2 O N 2 O + NH 3 (Secondary Emissions) Technology Approved for 3 bus types - Denis Trident & Dart, Volvo B7 2 Suppliers took part in the pilot programme - Eminox and HJS Technology was proven on the 3 bus types over 6 months in service performance was monitored 3 suppliers Eminox, HJS and Proventia taking part in 900 bus roll out 8

9 SCR Emissions Test Results Eminox:- 88% NOx Reduction achieved on both the Denis Dart and Volvo Double Deck 9

10 SCR Roll-out 359 Buses fitted with SCR (12/09/13) all 900 buses will be fitted by March Routes for retrofit were chosen based on both: Routes that pass through areas of high NO2 concentrations and where buses are a large contributor to vehicle NOx Emissions Routes that have the longest contract end date so that benefits are realised over a sufficient time period (3 year target) Routes that operate Euro III Dart, Trident and Volvo buses 10

11 SCR Roll-out Route Selection 11

12 Short to Medium Term Strategy - Hybrid Buses The hybrid programme has spurred bus manufacturers to develop hybrid buses hybrid buses now in service from 4 manufacturers to be in service by 2016 (including 600 New Buses for London) Emissions testing has shown a significant reduction in fleet average hybrid emissions compared to fleet average Euro IV: 30% reduction in CO2 21% reduction in NOx New Bus for London with second generation hybrid technology demonstrates even more significant benefits 47% reduction in CO2 78% reduction in NOx

13 Biodiesel Pilot 120 bus pilot of B20 bio diesel at Stagecoach London s Barking bus garage sustainably sourced bio-diesel made from used cooking oil and animal tallow B20 chosen as is the maximum blend warranted by engine manufacturer B20 will have approximately 15% lower well to wheel CO2 emissions than mineral diesel

14 Electric, Plug-in Hybrid Bus & Induction Charging Trial TfL is planning a demonstration of a plug-in hybrid (or range-extended electric) bus Recharging will be by induction (wireless) charging Primary infrastructure will be installed in TfL bus stations at either end of a suitable route 6 Pure Electric Buses from BYD and OPtare

15 Long Term Strategy - Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses Zero tailpipe emission buses A fleet of 5 hydrogen buses are in operation (rising to eight by Summer 2013) Aim to achieve operation as close as possible to diesel buses New maintenance and refuelling facility constructed within a standard bus depot

16 Emissions Projections Ecodriving New bus for London Hybrids Euro VI NOx retrofit

17 Questions? 17