Role of System Operator in a Vibrant Power Market & Smart Grid

Transcription

1 Role of System Operator in a Vibrant Power Market & Smart Grid S.K. Soonee Chief Executive Officer Power System Operation Corporation Ltd. (POSOCO) NLDC 1

2 Indian Power System : Amongst the Largest in the World MidWest ISO (USA) 159GW Capita: 40m PJM (USA) 165GW Capita: 51m National Grid (UK) 68GW Capita: 65m SO - UPS (Russia) 146 GW Capita: 144m SGCC (China) 900GW Capita: 1000m RTE (France) 93GW Capita: 65m Red Electrica (Spain) 93GW Capita: 47m ONS (Brazil) 100GW Capita: 170m Terna (Italy) 57GW Capita: 60m Eskom (South Africa) 43.5GW Capita: 49m PGIL (India) 163GW Capita: 1200m Tepco (Japan) 64GW Capita: 45m KPX (South Korea) 70GW Capita: 49m Source: VLPGO

3 Some Numbers Demand :~ 110 GW Generating Units :~ kV & above Trans. Line :~ 700 Transformers :~ 2000 Busses :~ 5000 Control Areas :~ 100 Inter-State Metering Points :~ 3000 Schedule Matrix Elements :~ 96 X 100 X (~10) ~= Open Access transactions typical daily :~ 100 Captives participating in market :~ 125

4 Five Regional Grids Two Frequencies August 2006 North synchronized With Central Grid March 2003 West synchronized With East & Northeast NEW Grid October 1991 East and Northeast synchronized South Grid SR Synch By North West South East Northeast Five Regional Grids Five Frequencies Inter Regional Capacity: 22 GW Central Grid MERGING OF MARKETS Installed Capacity: 167 GW Renewable: 16.8 GW Target 2012: 200 GW

5 Market Design Four Pillars of Market Design ELECTRICITY MARKET SCHEDULING & DISPATCH CONGESTION MANAGEMENT ANCILLARY SERVICES IMBALANCES Making Competition Work in Electricity, Sally Hunt

6 Evolution of Power Market in India Ancillaries, Grid Code Feb REC 2010 PX 2008 Open Access 2004 Settlement System NLDC 6

7 Control Area Issues Nested Control Areas NLDC RLDCs Control Area Metering SLDCs

8 INDIAN ELECTRICITY MARKET ENABLERS Legislation Indian Electricity Act 2003 National Electricity Policy 12-Feb-2005, Para 5.7.1(d) Regulation IEGC-Feb 2000 ABT Order-Jan2000 Open Access-May-2004 Power Exchange-Feb-2007 Execution CTU/STU, RLDC/SLDC Grid & Market Operation Control Centres & SEMs ABT settlement: in stages STRUCTURE Balancing Mechanism Frequency linked Unscheduled Interchange Short-term Bilateral Contingency Day-ahead Day-ahead Power Exchange Multiple Power Exchanges Short-term Bilateral First-come-first served Three-month ahead Long-term Bilateral Shared resources (ISGS) Own resources

9 Settlement System ABT & UI ABT is a scientific settlement system for contracted sale & purchase of power Has three components Fixed Charges or capacity charge Linked to day-ahead declared availability/subscription Variable Charges or fuel charges Linked to before the fact energy schedules Charges for deviation from commitments Frequency actuated signal Signal transmitted at the speed of dynamics to be controlled Real time pricing stretched to its physical limits Merit order Economic load management Incentives for helping the grid Opportunities for a diligent player Simple, dispute-free weekly settlement system

10 Coordinated Multilateral Model Time 09:00 10:00 Availability Declaration Entitlements 15:00 18:00 22:00 I S G S Collective Transactions (PX) Injection Schedule Revision in DC R L D C Requisition & Bilateral Agreements Drawal Schedule Revision in Requisition S L D C 23:00 Final Injection Schedule Final Drawal Schedule 0 to 24 hours Revisions during Current day Revisions during Current day 10-Mar-11 10

11 Daily Max & Min Frequency in NEW Grid (1998 onwards) 11

12 Daily Max & Min Frequency in SR Grid (2001 onwards) 12

13 JULLANDHAR URI KISHENPUR WAGOORA DULHASTI RAVI SATLUJ 765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEM THE POWER HIGHWAY BALLABGARH (DELHI RING) NR KOLHAPUR PONDA KAIGA HISSAR MOGA 2500MW NARENDRA SR A'PUR 2000MW 2000MW BEARILLY LUCKNOW CHICKEN NECK GAZUWAKA 765 KV LINES 400 KV LINES HVDC B/B HVDC BIPOLE TEESTA LAKSHADWEEP MYSORE KOZHIKODE BANGALORE COCHIN SIRSI KAYAMKULAM TRIVANDRUM SALEM M'BAD HOSUR TEHRI MEERUT CHITTOOR SOUTH CHENNAI SINGARPET PUGALUR CUDDALORE KUDANKULAM KARAIKUDI KRISHNAPATNAM KAYATHAR VIJAYAWADA BHUTAN TALA DIHANG DAMWE RANGANADI BHIWADI G'PUR BONGAIGAON JAIPUR AGRA ALLAHABAD M'PUR /UNNAO VARANASI PURNEA SHIROHI MALANPUR SILIGURI/BIRPARA SINGRAULI BARH 500MW KAHALGAON ZERDA VINDHYA- B'SHARIF DEHGAM NAGDA SATNA CHAL MAITHON BINA NORTH LIMBDI GANDHAR/ SIPAT KARANPURA JAMSHEDPUR BANGLA SEONI AMRELI KAWAS DESH JETPUR CHEGAON ROURKELA KORBA VAPI BHANDARA RAIPUR ER PIPAVAV AKOLA HIRMA BOISAR TARAPUR WARDA PADGHEAMRAVATI CHANDRAPUR TALCHER 1000MW JEYPORE WRPARLI DHABOL LONIKAND KOYNA KARAD RAMAGUNDAM KATHAL- GURI MARIANI MISA BADARPUR NER LEGEND EXISTING/ X PLAN NATIONAL IX PLAN GRID TIPAIMUKH Cheap Thermal CHEAP HYDRO POWER FROM THE NORTH-EAST AND PIT HEAD THERMAL POWER FROM THE EAST ENTERS THE RING AND EXITS TO POWER STARVED REGIONS XI PLAN

14 ALL INDIA NETWORK HVDC: BIPOLE Rihand Dadri 2. Chandrapur Padge 3. Talcher Kolar 4. Balia - Bhiwadi BACK To BACK Vindhyachal 2. Bhadravati 3. Gazuwaka TCSC : Muzaffarpur Gorakhpur D/C 2. Purnea Muzzafarpur D/C 3. Raipur Raigarh D/C FSC : Muzaffarpur Gorakhpur D/C 2. Purnea Muzaffarpur D/C 3. Raipur Raigarh D/C 4. Gooty Bangalore 2 * S/C 5. N sagar Cuddapah 2 * S/C 6. Kanpur Ballabgarh S/C 7. Panki Muradnagar S/C 8. Rengali Indravati S/C 9. Jeypore Gazuwaka D/C 10. Meramandali Jeypore S/C 11. Balia Lucknow D/C 12. Ranchi Sipat D/C 13. Seoni Khandwa D/C 14. Allahabad Mainpuri D/C 15. Unnao Bareilly D/C 16. Gorakhpur Lucknow D/C 17. Bareilly Mandaula D/C 18. Pampore Kishenpur 220 kv D/C Legend: Location of FSC & TCSC

15 Uncertainties in Indian grids Forecast errors Weather uncertainties Consumer load and its spatial distribution Generation availability Variation in network topology from what was considered Disparity in project implementation Mid-course changes in project execution Prolonged outages Non-firm maintenance programmes Practical constraints Reconfiguration of switching arrangement Radial operation Opening of bus couplers Opening of 220 kv loops etc. Other uncertainties Changes in long term allocations in Inter State Generating Stations

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17 SKEWED LOAD GENERATION BALANCE Skewed Load-Generation Balance NR Scenarios: WR SR ER+ NER 1. 4S 2. 3S + 1D 3. 2S + 2D 4. 1S + 3D 5. 4D

18 Congestion Management: Bid Area Area Region States N1 North JK, HP, CHD, PUN, HAR N2 North RAJ,DEL, UP, UTT W1 West MP, CHTG W2 West MAH,GUJ, GOA, DD,DNH S1 South AP, KAR, GOA S2 South TN, KER, PONDY E1 East WB, SIK, BIH, JHAR E2 East ORISSA A1 North-East TRIP, MEGH, MANI, MIZO A2 North-East AS, AP, NAGA

19 FLOWGATES NR: Central UP-Western UP UP-Haryana/Punjab WR: Chandrapur-Padghe Chandrapur-Parli Bina-Gwalior Soja-Zerda SR: Vijayawada-Nellore Hossur-Selam Gutty-Neelamangala Gutty-Huddy ER: Farakka-Malda Malda-Purnea Talcher-Rourkela Jamshedpur-Rourkela Farakka-Kahalgaon Kolaghat-Baripada-Rengali

20 Energy (BUs) -----> Number of Transactions ----> Trade under Short-Term Open Access 40 Volume of trade (BUs) No. of transactions * * *Includes Bilateral + Collective transactions 0

21 3/10/2011 POSOCO 21

22 Electricity Market in India: Key Success Factors Control area demarcation & boundary metering Seams Management Robust transmission system Assessment of Transfer Capability by the System Operator Balancing mechanism Clear Methodology for Transmission charge sharing Treatment of transmission losses Streamlined scheduling and settlement mechanism Transparency and non-discriminatory implementation Dispute redressal mechanism Congestion management Automation

23 Reforms in Transmission Pricing Presently a hybrid system Postage Stamp Contract Path Zonal Mandate of the National Electricity Policy Distance and Direction Sensitive Pricing Revamp of Transmission Pricing Methodology Point of Connection Tariff Regulatory framework provided Implementation under progress Target: 2011

24 Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism RE Generators RPS Obligated Entities 1 Electricity to Grid 1 Electricity From Grid Open Access Users Power Exchange 5 DISCOMS Other Obligated Entities REC Purchase Agreement/Trading Captive Generators 1 Energy Accounting 4 Issuance of REC Redemption of RECs SLDC Application to issue REC 3A 2 Central Agency 6 SERC State Agency Confirmation of EA RE Generator Registration 3B 7 Compliance Monitoring Auditors 7 RPO Compliance Reporting State Agency

25 Typical Wind Generation Pattern MW DATE Tamil Nadu Aug 2010 TIME

26 Transparency - Information Sharing Information dissemination through websites Available Transfer Capacity (ATC) Past & Current Transactions Injection & Drawal Schedules Frequency Trend Urgent market information Trippings, load crash, contingencies, etc. 52 week ISTS pooled losses Procedures much more on NLDC/RLDCs websites

27 Changing Paradigm Connectivity, Medium Term & Long Term Access Market Operation Collective & Bilateral Transactions Multiple Power Exchanges MMC Congestion Management & Charges Integration of Renewables Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) Mechanism Implementation of IEGC, 2010 Development of Ancillary Services Sharing of Transmission Charges & Losses Fund Administration Power System Development Fund Renewable Regulatory Fund 27

28 WAMS Technology in Next 5-7 Years PDC at WRLDC PDC at NRLDC Master PDC at NLDC PDC at ERLDC PDC at NERLDC PDC at SRLDC Tentative PMU Locations

29 Experience of PMUs : X Ray vs. Color Doppler Handling huge amount of PMU data pumped to the Control 40 ms!!

30 Thank You!! 30