Urban Sanitation Strategies and City Sanitation Planning

Transcription

1 Urban Sanitation Strategies and City Sanitation Planning Learnings from States and Cities across India International Conference on Water, Waste Water, Sanitation Solid Waste Management and Clean Energy 10, 11, 12 September 2014 Dr. Regina Dube, Project Director, SNUSP GIZ India , Delhi Seite 1

2 Implemented by How we work in urban sanitation sector Phase 1: Three Years ( ); Finished Phase 2: Three Years ( ); Running National Level (NUSP) Support cell at MoUD/CPHEEO NAGUS/Techn. Advisory Committee (TAC) Strengthening of policy making & implementation tools (e.g. NUSP, SLB, DPR, etc.) Three-tiered approach State Level (State Sanitation Strategy) State cell at UD department SSS preparation/implementation Capacity Development Elevator Effect for better coordination, vertical communication and knowledge exchange. XXX City Level (City Sanitation Plan) City cell at the Municipal Corporation CSP preparation/implementation Capacity development Data management Seite 2

3 Urbanization trends in India Urban Population million (31.16 %) Total number of urban centers: 7935 Statutory Towns (4041 nos.) are administered by Urban Local Bodies Census towns have trebled over a decade. Increase in Statutory Towns has been much slower. Type of Urban Units 2011 Census 2001 Census 1. Towns: 7,935 5,161 (a) Statutory Towns 4,041 3,799 (b) Census Towns 3,894 1, Urban Agglomerations Census Towns are administered via rural administration provision of urban services not mandatory in these areas Source: Census of India, 2011 Seite 3

4 Sanitation: Facts & Figures Inadequate sanitation costs India INR 2.4 trillion per year (WSP, 2010) 12% (10 Million) of urban HHs defecate in open (Census, 2011) million (18.5%) households do not have access to a drainage network (National Urban Sanitation Policy) India needs INR 39 lakh crore investment spread out over 20 years, if the country is to sustain, and improve its GDP growth (HPEC Report, 2011) Seite 4

5 Lack of proper sanitation kills!! More than 1000 children under the age of five die every day due to diarrhea in urban India (Source: Unicef/WHO report ). Seite 5

6 Major obstacles Institutional weakness at city, state and partially at central level Lack of inter and intra coordination amongst various departments Governance system Regular transfers of the city officials Lack of strong linkages urban planning & infrastructure management Poor don t have voice! No/Unregulated land use planning No strategy for financial sustainability Development linked to capital grants Innovative technologies are needed but are never the solutions ALONE!!! Seite 6

7 Investment centric approaches do not work So what to do? Do I always have to eat this rubbish??? Process oriented approaches with focus on institutional development, efficiency, O&M, monitoring and accountability needed Seite 7

8 National Award Scheme (Annexure III) Implemented by National Urban Sanitation Policy Vision All Indian cities and towns become totally sanitized, healthy and livable and ensure and sustain good public health and environmental outcomes for all their citizens with a special focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the urban poor and woman. City Sanitation Plan (Annexure II) State Sanitation Strategy (Annexure I) Technical assistance DPR Financial assistance Program/Mission JNNURM-II, RAY. ULB Internal Resources Finance Commission Devolutions External funds / borrowings Seite 8

9 Implemented by Preparation of City Sanitation Plans (CSPs) April 2010 Formulation of City Sanitation Task Force Preparation of Status Report Preparation of City Sanitation Plan Submission to the respective States August 2011 Seite 9

10 Implemented by 5 Strategic dimensions of good CSPs Governance & Institutional Strengthening Ensure regulation surrounding sanitation Accountability Transparency Constitutional amendment Efficient M&E Finances Investigate finance options Channelization of funds Enhanced service delivery Financial sustainability Capacity Enhancement Improve capacity to plan, implement, operate, maintain and monitor the sanitation infrastructure Inclusiveness Measures to ensure complete sanitation and absence of health hazards in unserved, underserved areas, Gender and children inclusive Technology Technical measure to ensure that the required infrastructure for effective sanitation is sustainable and efficient Solid Waste Water Supply Storm Water Access to Sanitation Waste water Management Seite 10

11 Implemented by Implementation of CSPs needs incremental approaches Master plan /CDP Feasibility Studies Detailed Project Planning Seite 11

12 Ground reality in ULBs First and foremost : Institutional development needed!!! Basic Services for Urban Poor Property Tax NUSP RAY JNNURM E-Governance NAPCC National Mission on Sustainable Habitat Solid Waste Management, Water Supply, Sewerage, Storm water drainage, Transportation, Health, Double Accounting etc Seite 12

13 Implemented by Water & sanitation utilities elements of good governance Seite 13

14 Transition from Individual systems to Centralized sewerage systems Individual System Pit Latrines Septage Management System Septic Tank Centralized Sewerage system Upgrade Upgrade Managed by Households Mason INSTITUTIONAL & HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIRED Managed by Households Mason Plumber Managed by City / ULB Vacuum truck operators Treatment plant operators CSP and the need for effective Septage management Managed by Household Plumbers for Household connectivity Managed by City / ULB Requires a dedicated institution for water supply & sanitation with various departments viz. Management Engineering & Technical Accounts & Finance Administration Data management Customer service Etc. Seite Slide 14

15 Possible Wastewater Utility Organization of ULB xxx CORPORATION OF xxx Available with xxx IT Legal affairs Human resources development Department Head (SANITATION Customer Business & Finance Department Technical Department Asset management Procurement & contracting Budget calculation, Funding Controlling of Construction Projects Customer Relations Strategic Sanitation Planning Planning (Sewer design, WWTP, Public interceptor tanks, septage management) Construction Supervision Operation maintenance + workshop Billing + Accounting, Customer Services PR (wastewater disposal, hygiene, health) Seite 15

16 NUSP instruments State Sanitation Strategies most needed Policy Guidelines, manuals, best practices SSS CSP Customized to state level needs, guidance & support to cities on institutional responsibilities, standards, planning, finances, inclusion, regulations, data management Monitoring & evaluation, capacity building.. City-specific sectoral planning instrument in line with CDP Need to strengthen State s role in policy implementation Seite 16

17 What is needed for proper sanitation management throughout the sanitation value chain? First let us accept the facts : About 50% of urban households in India depend on septic tanks or other onside sanitation facilities Centrally sewered areas are costly to build and do not support resource efficiency and closing of material loops Septage management is the need of the hour Seite 17

18 Implemented by Septage Management : Evidence from cities (1) VALUE-CHAIN OF SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTIONAL FINANCIAL LEGAL SOCIAL Seite 18

19 Implemented by Septage Management : Evidence from cities (2) City Operators Vehicles for Septage Treatment Septage Disposal Transportation Mechanism Mechanism Agra Private 2 None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Hoshangabad Hoshangabad Nagar Palika / 1 None Into T renching Ground / Private Operators Khojanpur Nallah Kochi Private Operators None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Mysore MCC 3 Integrated with ST P Reuse/Along w/treated Sewerage Nashik Nashik Municipal Corporation 2 None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Raipur Raipur Municipal Corporation 2 None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Shimla Private Operators NA None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Srikakulam Srikakulam Municipality 5 None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Tirupati Private Operators NA None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Varanasi Varanasi Nagar Nigam NA None Illegal Dumping / Open Discharge Manual Scavenging Practice Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seite 19

20 Estimated Fecal Waste Flows in Maputo Containment Emptying Transport Treatment Reuse/ disposal Leakage WC to sewer Not effectively treated Effectively treated 8% On-site facility Safely emptied Unsafely emptied Legally dumped Illegally dumped Not effectively treated 26% Open defecation Safely abandoned when full 1% 54% 4% 7% 7% 1% 18% 74% Residential environment Drainage system Receiving waters

21 Proper septage management ensures safe resource recovery and reuse of nutrients and energy incl. Waste to Energy concepts Seite 21

22 Septage Management Value chain 1 Normally sullage must not be treated in a septic tank Emptying of septic tanks 2 Transportation to the treatment facility in a specially designed vehicles 3 Emptying of septage at treatment facility / sewer 4 Scientific treatment Dry compost at drying beds (as a part of treatment facility 6 Compost application and use of treated water for agriculture purpose 7 Agriculture produce for human consumption CSP and the need for effective Septage management Seite Slide 22

23 Implemented by Septage Management framework Needs integration into city wide planning Local service centre (concept) Seite 23

24 Please sanitize me town - MY PROFILE Class II/III town Fast growing / different socio economic groups Density: minimum 500 people/km2 Rudimentary governance in transition phase On site sanitation systems on household level Grey water discharge into open channel storm drains Hardly any capacities First 3 steps to city wide sanitation : Septage management will be always there Seite 24

25 Please sanitize me town Upscaling : What do we recommend if the challenge is to create a feasible roadmap for 100 Please sanitize me towns per year? How much standardization is possible and useful in city wide sustainable sanitation planning and implementation? Proper Septage Management needs to be state of the art Seite 25

26 Implemented by Furthering septage management through SSS & CSP State level (SSS) Guidelines on support and operationalization for septage management Regulatory standards related to recycle and reuse Awareness generation Role and capacities of PCB Capacity enhancement Livelihood and Skill Development Budget and staff provisions City level (CSP) Septage Management Plans nested in CSPs Standard Operating Procedures / rules for ULBs Interface of Municipal Bodies and State PCB Database Management Systems Business Models Public & Private Operators Seite 26

27 Thank You! Seite 27