BEIJING OPERA HOUSE - STEEL SHELL - GENERAL PRESENTATION GENERAL PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

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Joleen Teresa Robbins
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1 1 GENERAL PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

2 PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

3 300m * 500 m PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

4 PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

5 PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

6 2 STRUCTURAL CONCEPT PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

7 GENERAL VIEW MASS = tons* * include roofing ROOF AREA = m² EXTERNAL STRUCTURE AREA = m² 148 MAIN BEAMS 40 HORIZONTAL BEAMS => SPATIAL TRUSS ( EI ) vertical = MNm² ( EI ) horizontal = MNm² ( ES ) = MN

STEEL SHELL BASEMENT THICHNESS : 2.43 m TO 3.80 m TOP THICKNESS : 1.46 m TO 1.68 m MASS MASS = 6 = 150 6 150 tons t for all structural elements or 172 = 172 kg/m² kg/m² 1.04 m arc 37 to 1.0 m arc 1 2.

8 STEEL SHELL BASEMENT THICHNESS : 2.43 m TO 3.80 m TOP THICKNESS : 1.46 m TO 1.68 m MASS MASS = 6 = tons t for all structural elements or 172 = 172 kg/m² kg/m² 1.04 m arc 37 to 1.0 m arc m arc 37 to 1.60 m arc m SPATIAL 3D TRUSS CONSTITUTED BY : RADIAL VIERENDEEL BEAMS AND DOUBLE HORIZONTAL TUBES NET THICKNESS AND MASS DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR CHOICE OF VIERENDEEL BEAMS IN ORDER TO ASSURE MAXIMAL TRANSPARENCY

9 ARCHES TYPE A STEEL SHELL - MAIN BEAMS MASS = 1810 tons for 46 arches ARCHES TYPE B MASS = 2100 tons for 102 arches BEAMS RIGIDLY LINKED TO THE LOWER CONCRETE RING AND THE UPPER STEEL RING => LOCAL STABILITY CONTROLED BY THE TUBES STIFFNESS AND GLOBAL STABILITY HELPED BY HORIZONTAL TUBES

10 ARCH TYPE A PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

11 ARCHES TYPE A - MEMBERS HORIZONTAL VIEW STEEL PLATE e = 60 mm ( Z Steel ) MEMBER SIZE : 450 mm * 60 mm ( R00 to R04 ) 300 mm * 60 mm ( R25 to R40 ) UPRIGHT SIZE : 360 mm * 60 mm ( basement) 200 mm * 60 mm (top)

12 ARCHES TYPE B - MEMBERS EXTERIOR CHORD TUBES Ø 140 mm / 168 mm INTERIOR CHORD HORIZONTAL VIEW OUTSIDE FLANGE 100 mm * 30 mm WEB 320 mm * 16 mm INSIDE FLANGE 160 mm * 20 mm DETAILED VIEW

13 STEEL SHELL : HORIZONTAL TUBES MASS : horizontal tube = 620 tons all joints = 1120 tons for joints cast joints = 200 tons for joints other joints = 920 tons for joints TUBES Φ 194 mm e 5 mm Semi spheric pieces : Φ 260 mm e 20 mm NELU = 509 kn RIGID LINK WITH THE MAIN BEAMS Z STEEL FOR THE MAIN BEAMS LIMITATION OF THE BUCKLING LENGTH OF THE MAIN BEAMS ELASTIC SUPPORTS FOR THE MAIN BEAMS GLOBAL BEHAVIOR

14 PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

15 LOWER CONCRETE RING MASS = tons (N max) ELS = 1.06 MN REINFORCED CONCRETE fck = 50 MPA SUPPORTS UNDER THE RING : - SLIDING DURING CONSTRUCTION - ELASTIC FOR SERVICE STIFFNESS AT THE SHELL BASEMENT MASS TO RESIST TO THE UPLIFT EFFECT

16 UPPER STEEL RING MASS = 100 tons STEEL RING Φ mm * 25.4 mm fyk 300 MPa ( Ζ STEEL) ( N MAX ) ELU = KN MAX STRESS = 280 MPa ( Von Mises with max values combination ) TRANSITION BETWEEN THE BEAM ZONE AND THE UPPER ROOF ZONE STIFFNESS AT THE SHELL TOP NECESSARY TO LIMIT THE SPACING BETWEEN THE RADIAL BEAMS ( AND THEIR MASS / m² )

17 TOP ROOF STRUCTURE MASS = 130 tons SPATIAL GRID TRUSS UNDER THE GLASS AREA BEAMS UNDER THE OPAQUE AREA AND RADIAL H SHAPE BEAMS UNDER OPAQUE AREA STRUCTURE IN COMPRESSION ORIENTATION OF MAIN BEAMS CONTROLED BY GLASS / OPAQUE AREA

18 PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

BRACING MASS = 270 tons FOUR BRACING ZONES GIVING THE LATERAL STIFFNESS BY ADDING DIAGONAL MEMBERS FOUR FIXED ZONES TOWARD LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF EACH ARCH BRACING

19 BRACING MASS = 270 tons FOUR BRACING ZONES GIVING THE LATERAL STIFFNESS BY ADDING DIAGONAL MEMBERS FOUR FIXED ZONES TOWARD LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF EACH ARCH BRACING ZONES LOCATED AT THE LIMIT BETWEEN THE OPAQUE AND THE GLASS AREA NECESSARY TO ASSURE THE GEOMETRIC CONTROL DURING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE NECESSARY GENERAL STABILITY

20 BRACING ZONE

21 CLADDING PAUL ANDREU ARCHITECT ADP / SETEC 06 / 01

DESIGN FOR CRASHWORTHINESS

DESIGN FOR CRASHWORTHINESS - The main function of the body structure is to protect occupants in a collision - There are many standard crash tests and performance levels - For the USA, these standards are contained in Federal Motor