Conquering Compaction!

Transcription

1 Conquering Compaction! Alex Barrie, OMAFRA Peter Johnson, Real Agriculture

2 Compaction Action, Sept 7 th, 2017 Innovative Farmers Association of Ontario Matthias Stettler, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland Jake Kraayenbrink Daryl Burnett Carrie James Ian McDonald The TEAM! 35 Pieces of 53 Different Equipment Configurations

3 Compaction Action, Sept 7 th, 2017

4 What is soil compaction?

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6 Soil compaction = Reduction in porosity 2.5 bar pre impact post impact Source: Brunotte et al., vti

7 Silt Soil: Ideal Ideal Topsoil Composition (By Volume) Air, 25% Organic Matter 5% Air 25% Ideal Subsoil Composition (By Volume) Organic Matter, 0% Mineral, 45% Mineral, 50% Water, 25% Water 25%

8 Silt Soil: Compacted Restricted Topsoil Composition (By Volume) Air 15% Organic Matter, 5% Restricted Subsoil Composition (By Volume) Air 14% Organic Matter 0% Water 15% Water 14% Mineral 64% Mineral 71%

9 Photo: Jason Casselman

10 36 tracked combine 23.1R26 rears 25 psi Photo: Jason Casselman

11 Photo: Jason Casselman

12 Compaction Reltive yield (%) Compaction and plant growth yield with tillage without tillage Corn Year Source: Thomas Keller (Agroscope)

13 Compaction! Dr. Scott Shearer, Ohio State University

14 Surface Compaction Håkansson I (2005) Machinery-induced compaction of arable soils, incidence consequences counter-measures. SLU, Uppsala, Reports from the Division of Soil Management. No. 109, 154 pp.

15 Effect of singular subsoil compaction on crop yield Relative yield (%) Year after compaction Håkansson I (2005) Machinery-induced compaction of arable soils, incidence consequences counter-measures. SLU, Uppsala, Reports from the Division of Soil Management. No. 109, 154

16 Split tile? 30 ft centres

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18 Material Science

19 Material Science Each tiny piece of the material has a set of forces acting on it. These forces are added up to determine the force that will cause the material to fail.

20 Material Science Newton m 2 = Pa Pounds = in 2 PSI 1 Bar 100,000 Pa 100 kpa 14.5 PSI

21 Everything is a Spring Strain : how much a material has moved. Percent change in length. Stress strain curves predict a materials strength.

22 Stress Except when you push it too far Stress-Strain Curve Elastic Region Plastic Region Yield Strength Slope= Rise/Run=Modu lus of Elasticity Strain or Elongation

23 Soil strength (psi) leichter Boden light soil heavy soil schwerer Boden (Stundenboden) dry trocken soil moist feucht soil wet soil nass Stettler, 2017

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25 Soil Strength Soils are extremely variable, but the safe stress limit is considered as: 14.5 psi (1 Bar) for topsoil 7.25 psi (0.5 Bar) for subsoil

26 What are the loads on soil? Axle weight, tire pressure, flat plate area, length of contact, width of contact all factors. Increased soil moisture increases depth of compaction.

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28 What are the loads on soil? 6 inches 12 inches 20 inches

29 Measuring soil stress

30 Boling Probe Syringe Electronic Pressure Sensor Rubber Tubing Valve PVC Tube End Cap

31 What are the loads on soil?

32 What are the loads on soil? 6 inches 12 inches 20 inches

33 Compaction Action! Equipment fully loaded: maximum risk Equipment weighed Tire pressure set based on weight, speed Select equipment tested at road inflation pressure and field pressure

34 Understanding the graphs

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36 600/70R kg 13 psi 710/70R kg 12 psi

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38 600/70R kg 9 psi 710/70R kg 12 psi 710/70R kg 9 psi

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40 Road: 40 psi (2.75 Bar) Field: 15 psi (1.03 Bar)

41 Road Field Road Front Rear Front Rear 6 (Topsoil) 23.9 psi (1.65 Bar) 25.4 psi (1.75 Bar) 12 (Subsoil) 13.0 psi (0.9 Bar) 14.5 psi (1.0 Bar) 20 (Drainage) 7.25 psi (0.5 Bar) 8.7 psi (0.6 Bar) 13.8 psi (0.95 Bar) 15.2 psi (1.05 Bar) 9.4 psi (0.65 Bar) 10.2 psi (0.7 Bar) 5.8 psi (0.4 Bar) 5.8 psi (0.4 Bar)

42 Bias Ply vs Radial Tire (Big Square Baler) Bias Ply Radial

43 Big Singles Duals

44 Big Singles Duals 1250/50R kg 17 psi 710/60R30CFO 4536 kg?? psi (loaded) 650/85R kg 20 psi 710/65R kg?? psi (loaded) Front Rear Front Rear 6 (Topsoil) 13.8 psi (0.95 Bar) 19.6 psi (1.35 Bar) 12 (Subsoil) 11.6 psi (0.8 Bar) 14.5 psi (1.0 Bar) 20 (Drainage) 7.97 psi (0.55 Bar) 7.25 psi (0.5 Bar) 16.7 psi (1.15 Bar) psi (1.0 Bar) psi (0.55 Bar) -

45 Tracked Combine

46 Tracked Combine no header

47 Big Singles Tracks

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49 Cyclic Loading Axle Weight changes dramatically during operation. Sprayer tires boom out vs folded Combine, buggy or manure equipment cycle between loaded and unloaded, wide range of speeds

50 Tires: Bias- Radial- IF- VF Bias versus Radial IF: Increased Flex 20% more weight OR 20% less pressure VF: Very high Flex 40% more weight OR 40% less pressure Central Tire Inflation Systems (CTIS)?

51 New: CTIS Tire (SIMA, Paris 2017) Michelin EvoBib The first tire particularly developed for CTIS.

52 Central Tire Inflation System 15% less fuel 1000 hrs, 20 l/hr = 3000 l 0.80= $ % less tire wear 20% longer tire life 5000 hr life X 0.2 = 1000 hr (one year) $4000 tire = $133/yr/tire X 4 = $533

53 Optimizing Air Pressure Set pressure based on weight, speed, tire tech Warranty? Fixed pressure: worst case (road, 25 mph) What am I losing with lower air pressure? ride, stability? LSW tires reduce/prevent Road Lope. Set tires for each particular situation?!

54 Best system? Loads? Cyclic? Cost. Affected area. (8 feet of tire, 10 feet sprayer boom?)

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56 Pickup Truck 8,448Lbs (3480Kg) Empty 8448 lbs Loaded lbs Empty Pickup Front Rear Front Rear 6 (Topsoil) 13 psi (0.9 Bar) 13 psi (0.9 Bar) 12 (Subsoil) 6.5 psi (0.45 Bar) 6.2 psi (0.43 Bar) 20 (Drainage) 2.5 psi (0.17 Bar) 2.2 psi (0.15 Bar) 10.9 psi (0.75 Bar) 14.5 psi (1 Bar) 6.5 psi (0.45 Bar) 8 psi (0.55 Bar) 2.5 psi (0.17 Bar) 2.9 psi (0.2 Bar)

57 Loaded Pickup Field Manure Tanker

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