TKP3501 Farm Mechanization
|
|
- Carmella Brown
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 TKP3501 Farm Mechanization Topic 8: Tractors and Power Units Ahmad Suhaizi, Mat Su
2 ASMS Why we need machineries? Type of machine available Filters, oil, Traditional vs modern lubrication, Introduction parts Maintenance Introduction to a tractor Type of tractor Specification Tractors components & Systems Main components Systems; - Fuel & Intake - Combustion - Cooling - Electric & instruments - Lubrication - Hydraulic Power tiller Other small Compact equipment equipment ** = Calculations Others - Bearing & seal Implemen - Shaft Land Primary ts tillage - Belt & pulley preparatio Secondary tillage - Chain & sprocket Crop type; n - Gear - Oil palm - Lubrication (grease, oil) - Rice - Vegetable Theoretical Field Capacity Effective Field Farm Capacity Efficiency** Field Efficiency How to choose the tractor and implement size** Tractor & power unit Type of power available Crop Production Seedling & Planting Crop type Planter** Livestock Feeding system Milking Aquaculture Forestry Horticultur e Emerging Technologies Sensor Tracking GPS, GNSS GIS, Mapping Cost Optimization analysis** Fertilization & Harvesting Irrigation** Yield, Baller Spreader Transportation Pump Farm Sprinkler maintenanc Grass, road, e drainage
3 Learning outcome Be able to describe the common design of tractors Be able to estimate drawbar and PTO power using the 86% rule Be able to calculate and estimate a proper tractor and implement size at safe operating speed 3
4 Introduction A major task : To match power units to the size and type of machines so all field operations can be carried out on time with a minimum cost. If the tractor is oversized for implements, the costs will be excessive for work done. If the implements selected are too large for the tractor, the quality and quantity of the work may be lessened or the tractor will be overloaded, usually causing expensive breakdowns. 4
5 Categories of Tractors Many design of the tractor according to the different manufacturer and for a specific task e.g. for vegetable farming, forestry and construction. Categories: General purpose Row crop Orchard Vineyard Industrial Garden ( Hp) ( Hp) (< 25Hp) Propulsion system Rear wheel drive (RWD)-general purpose Four wheel drive articulating steering (4WDAS) Four wheel drive four wheel steer (4WD) Tracks (T) Rear wheel drive front wheel assist (FWA) 5
6 Some of the factors to consider when selecting a power unit include: 1. Engine type 2. Power ratings 3. Soil resistance to machines 4. Tractor size 5. Matching implement 6. Sizing for critical work 6
7 1. Engine type The three general types of engine currently use: i. Diesel ii. LP-Gas iii. Gasoline/ Petrol All three types are classified as Internal combustion engine 7
8 Diesel engine is a compression-ignition engine with only air being compressed in the cylinder. Diesel fuel is then injected into the cylinder and the fuel-air mixture is ignited by the head of compression. Gasoline and LP-Gas (Liquid Petroleum Gas) engines are spark-ignition engines. In both cases, the fuel-air mixture is drawn into the cylinder and ignited by a spark. 8
9 2. Tractor Power Rating Used to evaluate the size of the tractors and engines Engine power claimed by manufacturer not always true marketing strategy Nebraska Tractor Test test for engine, PTO, drawbar power & three point hitch tractortestlab.unl.edu/ Useable power usually less than advertised power 9
10 Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory Report 10
11 Report Example New Holland T80A [Source: 11
12 12
13 2. Power Rating 13 Power is a measure of the rate at which work being done. The English power unit is defined as 550 foot pounds of work per seconds or called HORSEPOWER (Hp). The Metric power unit is measured in KILOWATTS (kw). 1 Kilowatts ( kw) = 1.34 Horse power (hp). Or 1Hp = 0.75kW
14 When working with machinery, we usually thinks of miles per hour and pounds of draft. For this conditions the formula for power is: Horsepower = force,pounds X speed,mph 375, (English/US unit) Kilowatts = force, kn X speed,km/hr 3.6 (Metric unit) 14
15 Work Work (knm)/(kj) = Force (kn) x Distance (m) The amount of work done is not referring to time. It would not matter whether the time move the load was one minute or one hour; the amount of work stays the same. 15
16 Power Power (kw) = Force kn x Distance (m) time (s) When the rate of work is considered, then the power can be determined Power (kw) = Force kn x Distance (m) time (s) Power (kw) = Force kn x Speed (km hr )
17 Fuel Consumption Estimates 17
18 PTO power Rating of the power available at the PTO of an agriculture tractor Brake power The power available at the flywheel Of the engine. Rate the irrigation pump and other similar external uses Engine power Calculate power based on the bore, cylinder pressure, and speed of the engine Drawbar power Measured at the point implements are attached to the tractor, drawbar or 3 point hitch 18
19 19
20 Engine power Engine power is an Indicated Power (IP) The power that engine would develop from fuel injected (neglecting all the losses) The power that developed inside the combustion chambers during combustion that pushes the piston down. 20
21 Brake Power Brake Power (BP) is the power that actually used to do useful work (rotating the crankshaft) The BP always lower than IP because some of the power developed in cylinders (combustion chamber) is lost in overcoming the internal friction in the engine. Brake Power (BP) = Indicated Power (IP) - Power loss to friction (Fp) 21
22 PTO Power Power kw = T x N 9549 Power Hp = T x N 5252 Drawbar Power Where Power in kw ( 1 Hp = 0.75 kw) T = Torque ( Nm) * (Ib-ft) N = speed (rpm) * (rpm) Db (Hp) = F Ib x V(mph) 375 Where Db in Hp ( 1 Hp = 0.75 kw) F = Force (Ib) V = speed (mph) Db (kw) = F kn x V(km hr ) 3.6 Where Db in kw F = Force or draft (kn) V = speed (km/hr) 22
23 Best estimate according 86 % rules PTO Hp = E Hp x 0.86 PTO HP = Db Hp 0.86 Power loss Accessories Temperature 10% other than fan 5 % fan and radiator 1% or each 5.6 C above 29 C - Gasoline 1% or each 2.7 C above 29 C Diesel Where E Hp = Engine power Db Hp = Drawbar power Altitude 3% for each 305 m above 152 m Type of service 10% for intermittent loads 20% for continuous loads 23
24 Exercise 1 Estimate the amount of power available at the PTO and drawbar for a tractor rate at 125 engine power. 24
25 Exercise 1 Estimate the amount of power available at the PTO and drawbar for a tractor rate at 125 engine power. PTO Hp = E Hp x 0.86 = 125 x 0.86 = Hp ~ 110 Hp Db Hp = PTO Hp x 0.86 = (E Hp x 0.86) x 0.86 = x 0.86 = Hp 25
26 26
27 Sizing implement and tractor from nomograph Chisel plow-coarse Implement width = 10 Typical speed = 6 mph (see table 3) 27
28 28 Source: Nebraska Tractor Test
29 29
30 30
31 31 Indicated Power
32 A Distance A-B B 32
33 33 What is the minimum indicated power requirement?
34 34 What is the minimum indicated power requirement?
35 The formula for determining how fast an implement could be pulled with a given size of tractor. Speed mph = Drawbar,Hp X 375 Draft,Ib pounds (English/US unit) Speed (km/hr) = Drawbar,kW X 3.6 Draft, kn (metric unit) 35
36 The formula can also be used to determine how large an implement can be pulled. The resistance is usually given as kn per meter of width. Step 1: Determine the draft Draft (kn) = Drawbar power (kw) x 3.6 Speed (km/hr) Step 2: Determine width Width = Draft (kn) Draft (kn/m) 36
37 3. Soil resistance to machine The SOIL RESISTANCE TABLE, adapted from the Agricultural Engineering Year Book lists some units draft range for those implements having the highest power requirements per foot of width, and horsepower required per foot of width and typical field speed. 37
38 E.g. For 4-wheel drive tractor, operates on firm soil, 38 Drawbar HP = 0.75 x PTO HP or PTO HP = 1.33 x Drawbar HP
39 39 Chisel plow-coarse
40 The softer or looser the soil conditions are greater the amount of power that will be consumed because of greater rolling resistance. This reduce usable drawbar power. Table soil conditions power can be used to estimate the usable drawbar horsepower for various soil conditions. 41
41 Soil Conditions and Power Condition of soil Useable Drawbar Power as a percentage of maximum PTO Power Ratio of Maximum PTO Power to Usable Drawbar Power Firm 67 percent 1.5 Tilled 56 percent 1.8 Soft or sandy 48 percent
42 4 & 5. Matching Tractors and implement Even when it is known how much power is needed for a given field operation, knowing the size of tractor to use still presents problem. There are several different kinds of power measurements, all applying to the same tractor. 1. Brake Horsepower 2. Power Take Off (PTO) Horsepower 3. Drawbar Horsepower. 43
43 4 & 5. Matching Tractors and implement When matching a tractor with implement, three important factors must be considered: 1. The tractor must not be overloaded or early failure of components will occur. 2. The implement must be pulled at proper speed or optimum performance cannot be obtained. 3. The soil conditions and their effect on machine performance must be considered. 44
44 45 Drawbar attachment
45 46
46 With a given a tractor, there is a set amount of power available. The available power is use for: 1. Moving tractor over the ground 2. Pulling the implement over the ground. 3. Powering the implement for useful work. 47
47 6. Sizing Power Units for Critical Work Periods Matching machine to fit time available Let s take example we want to select a plow and tractor to plant corn. The time available 225 hours. Experts says, the best total time will be used for the operation is 85% from total time available. 48
48 49
49 Example If you plow 1000 acres every year in light clay loam with firm tractive conditions, how large a tractor and plow would be needed? Assume the total working time available is 225 hours every year. Plowing speed of 4.5 miles per hour. Field efficiency is 80 %. Actual total time used by the farmer is 85%. Power required per feet according to table soil resistance is 12 hp. 50
50 Questions/Review Why do we need to estimate the power requirement for a specific attachment to the tractor? Name two main types of power available from the farm tractor. What is the engine power? What is the brake power? Why is the Brake power < PTO power? 51
51 52 Power Loss Calculations
52 Best estimate according 86 % rules PTO Hp = E Hp x 0.86 PTO HP = Db Hp 0.86 Power loss Accessories Temperature 10% other than fan 5 % fan and radiator 1% or each 5.6 C above 29 C - Gasoline 1% or each 2.7 C above 29 C Diesel Where E Hp = Engine power Db Hp = Drawbar power Altitude 3% for each 305 m above 152 m Type of service 10% for intermittent loads 20% for continuous loads 53
53 Exercise 2 What is the usable power? 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at C air temperature? 54
54 Exercise 2 What is the usable power? 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at C air temperature? Engine Hp = 165 x (1 (0.01 x )) 5.6 Engine Hp = Hp or ~ 160Hp The effect of the C temperature is to reduce the usable power about 1.5% 55
55 Exercise 3 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at 500 m above sea level? 56
56 Exercise 3 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at 500 m above sea level? Engine Hp = 165 x (100% (3% x )) 305 Engine Hp = Hp or ~ 160Hp The effect of the 500 m altitude to reduce the usable power about 3.42% 57
57 Exercise 4 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at continuous duty? 58
58 Exercise 4 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at continuous duty? Engine Hp = 165 x (100% 20%) Engine Hp = 132 Hp The effect of the continuous duty is to reduce the usable power about 20% 59
59 Exercise 5 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at ambient tempereature of C, altitude of 500 m for continuous duty? 60
60 Exercise 5 1. How much usable power will a 165Hp spark ignition engine produce if it will be operating at ambient tempereature of C, altitude of 500 m for continuous duty? Adjustment temp = 0.01 x = Adjustment altitude = 3% x = Adjustment continous = 20 % = 0.2 Total adjustment = = Engine Hp = 165 Hp x = Hp ~ 120 Hp 61
61 Assignment 2 On PutraBlast 62
62 Thank you. The winner is men vs 1 tractor
TKP3501 Agricultural Mechanization
TKP3501 Agricultural Mechanization Topic 1: Introduction, History of Mechanization & Agriculture Tools Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su Email: asuhaizi@upm.edu.my, asuhaizi1@gmail.com Hunting & gathering Self sufficient
More informationWeight, Transfer, Traction, and Safety 423
Weight, Transfer, Traction, and Safety 423 Figure 16.5. A tractor front tire. Table 16.1. Standard industry codes for tire types. [a] Type of Tire Code FRONT TRACTOR Rice tread F-1 Single rib tread F-2
More informationTKP3501 Farm Mechanization
TKP3501 Farm Mechanization Topic 2: Internal Combustion Engines Ahmad Suhaizi, Mat Su Email: asuhaizi@upm.edu.my Outlines Internal vs external combustion engines Engine structure Combustion cycle 4 stroke
More informationAnswer Key. Do Not Distribute
2017 Page 1 of 6 STUDENTS DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST OR BEGIN UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO START 2017 Examination for the National Agricultural Technology and Mechanical Systems Career Development Event Name Print Name
More informationCHAPTER 4: MATCHING TRACTORS AND IMPLEMENTS - 41
CHAPTER 4: MATCHING TRACTORS AND IMPLEMENTS - 41 The objective of practical machinery use is to match and schedule the machinery operations in such a way that the maximum amount of work can be achieved
More informationMachinery Cost Estimates: Field Operations
Machinery Cost Estimates: Field Operations Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign MACHINERY
More informationModern Automotive Technology Chapter 16. Engine Size and Performance Measurements
Modern Automotive Technology Chapter 16 Engine Size and Performance Measurements 1 Learning Objectives Describe safety practices when making engine performance measurements Describe engine size measurements
More informationMachinery Cost Estimates: Field Operations
Machinery Cost Estimates: Field Operations Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign MACHINERY
More informationMACHINERY COST ESTIMATES
MACHINERY COST ESTIMATES by William F. Lazarus June 2015 The tables in this publication contain estimates of farm machinery operation costs calculated via an economic engineering approach. The data are
More informationTHE STUDY of mechanical power
The Internal Combustion Engine and Its Importance to Agriculture THE STUDY of mechanical power covers a broad area of learning. A basic understanding of engines is important if you are to keep pace with
More informationEM2007 Errata Student Manual 13 April 2008 Replace referenced paragraphs and homework questions with the following:
EM2007 Errata Student Manual 13 April 2008 Replace referenced paragraphs and homework questions with the following: Paragraph 7 Internal combustion engines convert about one third of the fuel s energy
More information1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. COST COMPONENTS 17
CONTENTS - i TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I BACKGROUND 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1. JUSTIFICATION OF MACHINERY 4 1.2. MANAGERIAL APPROACH 5 1.3. MACHINERY MANAGEMENT 5 1.4. THE MECHANICAL SIDE 6 1.5. AN ECONOMICAL
More information2.61 Internal Combustion Engines
Due: Thursday, February 19, 2004 2.61 Internal Combustion Engines Problem Set 2 Tuesday, February 10, 2004 1. Several velocities, time, and length scales are useful in understanding what goes on inside
More informationUsing Multiple Cylinder Engines
Lesson A6 6 Using Multiple Cylinder Engines Unit A. Mechanical Systems and Technology Problem Area 6. Agricultural Power Systems Lesson 6. Using Multiple Cylinder Engines New Mexico Content Standard: Pathway
More informationUnit C: Agricultural Power Systems. Lesson 6: Using Multiple Cylinder Engines
Unit C: Agricultural Power Systems Lesson 6: Using Multiple Cylinder Engines Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Explain
More informationAir Cooled Engine Technology. Roth 9 th Ch 6 Engine Performance Pages
Roth 9 th Ch 6 Engine Performance Pages 95 112 1. Internal combustion engines belong to the engine category. Gasoline Diesel Heat 2. The heavy flywheel provides the necessary to keep the crankshaft spinning
More informationThe Mechanics of Tractor Implement Performance
The Mechanics of Tractor Implement Performance Theory and Worked Examples R.H. Macmillan CHAPTER 2 TRACTOR MECHANICS Printed from: http://www.eprints.unimelb.edu.au CONTENTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1 2.2 IDEAL
More informationLEVEL 1 (9 to 11-year-olds). Things to Learn Things to Do SAFETY 1. How many deaths and injuries are caused by tractor accidents 2. What age groups ar
4i 7/a 96.4 azzzw A, swigy, Z%:6L Z? C; jfl1
More informationSpecification and selection of farming equipment
Specification and selection of farming equipment JF Rickman, IRRI, Mozambique Outline Comparison of different farming system Matching equipment to farm size Determine specification of each piece of equipment
More informationMACHINERY COST ESTIMATES
June 2009 MACHINERY COST ESTIMATES The tables in this publication contain estimates of farm machinery operation costs calculated via an economic engineering approach. The data are intended to show a representative
More informationFIRESTONE AG TIRE PRODUCT CATALOG. LISTED BY PRODUCT l UPDATED AGRICULTURAL AG FLOTATION FORESTRY CONSTRUCTION COMPACT/GARDEN
FIRESTONE AG TIRE PRODUCT CATALOG LISTED BY PRODUCT l UPDATED 12.01.13 AGRICULTURAL AG FLOTATION FORESTRY CONSTRUCTION COMPACT/GARDEN 23.1R26 24.5R32 30.5LR32 900/60R32 (35.5LR32) 480/85R34 (18.4R34) IF520/85R34
More informationEvaluation Report 643
Alberta Farm Machinery Research Centre Printed: April 1991 Tested at: Lethbridge ISSN 0383-3445 Group 10 (c) Evaluation Report 643 Kello-Bilt Series 5000 Subsoiler A Co-operative Program Between ALBERTA
More informationAg. Systems Management 374 Test What are the two common valve angles? A. 75ø and 90ø B. 15ø and 65ø C. 30ø and 45ø D.
Ag. Systems Management 374 Test 1-1. What are the two common valve angles? A. 75ø and 90ø B. 15ø and 65ø C. 30ø and 45ø D. 15ø and 45ø 2. Which of the following would be the best choice for measuring a
More informationPrimary Tillage In-line ripper. Invest in Quality
Primary Tillage 4830 In-line ripper www.kuhnkrause.com Invest in Quality 2 PRIMARY TILLAGE 4830 IN-LINE RIPPER The solution for yield-robbing compaction Solve yield robbing compaction The 4830 In-Line
More informationLECTURE-4 TRACTORS- TYPES AND UTILITIES
LECTURE-4 TRACTORS- TYPES AND UTILITIES Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers. Tractor engine is used as a
More informationMiddle Buster, Sub Soiler, Middle Buster SC
Middle Buster, Sub Soiler, Hardware Kit 8090000 THANK YOU FOR PURCHASING THIS PRODUCT Congratulations on your purchase. Behlen Country has been in the business of providing quality equipment to landowners
More informationTKP3501 Agricultural Mechanization
TKP3501 Agricultural Mechanization Topic 6d: Crop Production >> Crop care Ahmad Suhaizi, Mat Su Email: asuhaizi@upm.edu.my Learning outcome Be able to understand the principle operation of the simple spraying
More informationFirestone Ag Tire Product Catalog. Listed by product l Updated
Firestone Ag Tire Product Catalog Listed by product l Updated 11.01.12 Agricultural Ag Flotation Forestry CONSTRUCTION Compact/Garden RADIAL ALL TRACTION 23 TLR1 Premium radial for traction, durability
More information4 is greater than 2.
2 4 is greater than 2. AT THE FOREFRONT OF INTUITIVE INNOVATION. STEIGER ROWTRAC SETS NEW INDUSTRY STANDARDS. We paid attention. When you told us you wanted a Steiger with more flexibility for more jobs
More informationAT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank
AT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank UNIT I INTRODUCTION 1. What are the design considerations of a vehicle?(jun 2013) 2..Classify the various types of vehicles.
More informationGLOSSARY. Block. Cylinders
Engine The power source for any farm tractor is the engine. The engine provides the muscle for the power train and the hydraulic system. The typical modern farm tractor has a diesel engine ranging from
More informationSB SMALL SQUARE BALERS
SB SMALL SQUARE BALERS Every day, you demand more. More from the land. More from yourself. More from your equipment. Which is why we also demand more. More capacity. More productivity-boosting features.
More informationNowaday s most of the agricultural operations are
RESEARCH PAPER International Journal of Agricultural Engineering Volume 6 Issue 2 October, 2013 375 379 Effect of ballast and tire inflation pressure on wheel slip Received : 22.04.2013; Revised : 23.09.2013;
More informationSTUDENTS DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST OR BEGIN UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO Examination for the. Read the following instructions:
Page 1 of 6 STUDENTS DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST OR BEGIN UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO 2016 Examination for the National Agricultural Technology and Mechanical Systems Career Development Event START Name Print Name Legibly
More informationMaize harvesting implement with rotation intake
Maize harvesting implement with rotation intake Chainless intake Row tolerant High harvesting performance Low maintenance 1000 hectares per season without tools Smashing chopping quality Short design,
More informationRelating Pull Forces and Power Consumption on Small Scale Autonomous Vehicles
Relating Pull Forces and Power Consumption on Small Scale Autonomous Vehicles Nicholas Biel, Tyler Gleason, Dr. Daniel Flippo, Dr. Ajay Sharda Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University
More informationEvaluation Report 550
Printed: November 1988 Tested at: Lethbridge ISSN 0383-3445 Group 10 (d) Evaluation Report 550 Cereal Implements Model 807 Chisel Plow A Co-operative Program Between ALBERTA FARM MACHINERY RESEARCH CENTRE
More informationKOHLER Courage Professional-grade engineering for the consumer.
KOHLER Courage Professional-grade engineering for the consumer. Today, more and more consumers are demanding professional-grade products. Products that deliver power, performance and convenience. And KOHLER
More informationThe Dealer Advantage SUPPORTING THE AG IMPLEMENT DEALER INDUSTRY WITH TIRE & WHEEL SOLUTIONS
The Dealer Advantage YIELD ENHANCING SOLUTIONS TIRE & WHEEL SOLUTIONS Why CFI Tire? A HUB EXTENTIONS Why CFI Tire & Wheel? Across North America, from tires to wheels, hubs and extensions, you can choose
More informationTrailed Forage Harvesters FCT 1355
Trailed Forage Harvesters FCT 1355 Precision chopping - why? The grass sap and possible additives will be evenly distributed on all surfaces. The process of ensiling starts earlier and the quality will
More informationEvaluation Report 735
Alberta Farm Machinery Research Centre October 1998 Tested at Lethbridge AFMRC File EL495 ISSN 383-3445 Group 9(c) Evaluation Report 735 FLEXI-COIL 172 AIR CART A Co-operative Program Between ALBERTA FARM
More informationTHANK YOU FOR PURCHASING THIS PRODUCT
Hardware Kit Middle Buster, Sub Soiler, 80900200 Combo SC Middle Buster & Sub Soiler THANK YOU FOR PURCHASING THIS PRODUCT Congratulations on your purchase. Behlen Country has been in the business of providing
More informationPERFORMANCE ENGINEERING
PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING Every part, every component, every system on our engines is guided by Kohler s exclusive Performance Engineering. It s your assurance that every engine we produce will live up to
More informationInternational Farm Crawlers: T-4, T-5, & TD 5
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Tractor Tests Tractor Test and Power Museum, The Lester F. Larsen January 1960 International Farm Crawlers: T-4,
More informationRotavator. Rotavator. R500, R600 and R700. Moving agriculture ahead
Rotavator Rotavator R500, R600 and R700 Moving agriculture ahead Rotavator - Highly effective for optimal tillage Rotavator 500B-230M. Adjustable CE protections. Easy adaptation for front wheels, track
More informationJuniata County Census Data (10% Sample)
Total Number of s Sample Number of s Owners Rents for Money Rents for Crop Percent of s Operated by Owner Percent of Tenancy Tilled Acres 111 11 11 1 59 148 15 12 3 8 2 545 218 22 2 1 1 91 9 132 87 9 5
More informationApplied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines
Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlan Abdul Wahid Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia www.fkm.utm.my/~mazlan 1 Coverage Introduction Operation
More informationRotavator / Rotalabour 500 / 600 / 700
Rotavator / Rotalabour 500 / 600 / 700 Howard Rotavator / Rotalabour Rotavator: A highly effective machine for intensive tillage The Rotavator is one of the most efficient tillage systems when looking
More informationKOHLER COMMAND PRO HP Engines
KOHLER COMMAND PRO 19 26.5 HP Engines THE COMMERCIAL ENGINES THAT BUILT A REPUTATION ON RELIABILITY. For 20 years, landscape professionals have counted on KOHLER Command PRO engines to power their equipment
More informationPrimary Tillage. dominator Invest in Quality!
Primary Tillage dominator 4850 www.kuhnkrause.com Invest in Quality! COMBINATION PRIMARY TILLAGE SYSTEM DOMINATOR 4850 The solution for yield-robbing compaction Accepting today s residue Challenge The
More informationMichelin Agriculture and Compact Line Data Book
Michelin Agriculture and Compact Line Data Book Contents MICHELIN features...4-11 MICHELIN s commitments....4-5 Size equivalences....6 MICHELIN tires by size....7 Tire sidewall markings....8 Load and speed
More informationEvaluation Report 180
Report No. E2279 Printed: September, 1980 Tested at: Lethbridge ISSN 0383-3445 Evaluation Report 180 Edwards Model GN-R78-436 (11.1 m) Rod Weeder A Co-operative Program Between ALBERTA FARM MACHINERY RESEARCH
More information401 0 Row-Crop & Standard Tractors
John Deere MODEL: 401 0 Row-Crop & Standard Tractors THIS IS A MANUAL PRODUCED BY JENSALES INC. WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION OF JOHN DEERE OR IT'S SUCCESSORS. JOHN DEERE AND IT'S SUCCESSORS ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE
More informationPERFORMANCE ENGINEERING
PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING Every part, every component, every system on a KOHLER engine is guided by our exclusive Performance Engineering standards standards that drive us to operate on the leading edge
More informationPrimary Tillage. dominator Invest in Quality
Primary Tillage dominator 4855 www.kuhnkrause.com Invest in Quality COMBINATION PRIMARY TILLAGE SYSTEM DOMINATOR 4855 The solution for yield-robbing compaction Accepting today s residue Challenge The DOMINATOR
More informationUnited Nations Development Programme
United Nations Development Programme - Facilitates owned by the company for training tractor operators, details of the trainings the company normally offer to tractor operators (The cost of the training
More informationBeaver County Census Data (10% Sample)
Total Number of s Sample Number of s Owners Rents for money rents for crop Percent of s Operated by Owner Percent of Tenancy Tilled Acres 24 2 1 2 42 58 25 98 1 9 1 92 8 168 24 2 3 1 12 131 13 8 4 2 61
More informationTWIN-ROW PLANTERS TWIN-ROW 825A3PM
TWIN-ROW PLANTERS TWIN-ROW 4025A3PS TWIN-ROW 1225 & 1625AFF TWIN-ROW 825A3PM DOUBLE DOWN ON NEW TECHNOLOGY WITH CASE IH TWIN-ROW PLANTERS Farming is a gamble. But there are ways to cut your risk, improve
More informationGovernment of India क ष एव ककस न कल य ण म त र लय, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (क ष, सहक ररत एव ककस न कल य ण षवभ ग)
Page 1 of 12 Website: http://srfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/ E-mail: fmti-sr@nic.in Tele./FAX: 08551-286441 1. GENERAL: भ रत सरक र Government of India क ष एव ककस न कल य ण म त र लय, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
More informationUnit C: Agricultural Power Systems. Lesson 1: Understanding Principles of Operation of Internal Combustion Engines
Unit C: Agricultural Power Systems Lesson 1: Understanding Principles of Operation of Internal Combustion Engines 1 Terms Compression Compression stroke Connecting rod Crankshaft Cycle Cylinder Diesel
More informationYM357A TRACTOR 57HP. Head Office YANMAR AGRIBUSINESS CO.,LTD. Umeda Gate Tower 1-9, Tsuruno-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka , Japan
TRACTOR YM357A 57HP Head Office YANMAR AGRIBUSINESS CO.,LTD. Umeda Gate Tower 1-9, Tsuruno-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0014, Japan www.yanmar.com/jp/ Headquarters YANMAR S.P. CO., LTD. Ladkrabang Industrial
More informationTable of Contents. 3 Engine Overview 4-5 KOHLER Aegis 6-23 KOHLER Command PRO KOHLER Command PRO CS KOHLER Courage KOHLER Diesel
PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING Every part, every component and every system on our engines is guided by Kohler s exclusive Performance Engineering. It s your assurance that every engine we produce will live up
More informationRotavator. R500, R600, R700 and R800
Rotavator R500, R600, R700 and R800 Rotavator - Highly effective for optimal tillage Rotavator 500B-230M. Adjustable CE protections. Easy adaptation for front wheels, track looseners, etc. Rotavator is
More informationEvaluation Report 651
Alberta Farm Machinery Research Centre Printed: July 1991 Tested at: Lethbridge ISSN 0383-3445 Group 9 (c) Evaluation Report 651 Flexi-coil 5000 Air Drill A Co-operative Program Between ALBERTA FARM MACHINERY
More informationAssignment-1 Air Standard Cycles
Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles 1. What do u mean by air standard cycle? List assumptions for air standard cycle & give reasons why air standard cycle differs from actual cycle. 2. Derive an equation
More informationTable 44. Summary by Tenure of Operator: 1982
Summary by Tenure of Operator: 82 [Excludes abnormal farms' see text FARMS AND LAND IN FARMS For meaning of abbreviations and symbols see introductory text] with sales of $10.000 or more number 49598 33167
More informationIntroduction to I.C Engines CH. 1. Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje
Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1 Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje 1 An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
More informationGASEOUS FUEL 14, 20 AND 25HP OHV VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL COMMAND PRO
GASEOUS FUEL 14, 20 AND 2HP OHV VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL COMMAND PRO COMMAND PRO GASEOUS FUEL ENGINES Ideal for industrial, construction, rental, commercial and other outdoor power equipment LPG, LPG/NG, LPG/Gasoline
More informationA Customized Tractor for Controlled Traffic Farming on Small Farms
A Customized Tractor for Controlled Traffic Farming on Small Farms By: W. John Foxwell, FIAgrE, FIMechE, MemASABE, MemSAE Former Chief Engineer Ford Tractors Operations Worldwide, Troy, Michigan, USA.
More informationKOHLER COMMAND PRO HP Engines
KOHLER COMMAND PRO 19 27 HP Engines THE COMMERCIAL ENGINES THAT BUILT A REPUTATION ON RELIABILITY. For 20 years, landscape professionals have counted on KOHLER Command PRO engines to power their equipment
More informationPOLYTECH LHP 101 AGROMECHANICS LABORATORY AGM AM AGRICUTURAL MACHINERY SECTIONED MODELS AGM FA FARMING ACCESSORIES REAL COMPONENTS
POLYTECH LHP 101 LABORATORY AGM AM AGRICUTURAL MACHINERY SECTIONED MODELS AGM FA FARMING ACCESSORIES REAL COMPONENTS AGM AM - AGRICUTURAL MACHINERY SECTIONED MODELS The laboratory includes operational
More informationENGINE & WORKING PRINCIPLES
ENGINE & WORKING PRINCIPLES A heat engine is a machine, which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. The combustion of fuel such as coal, petrol, diesel generates heat. This heat is supplied to a
More information2006 Machinery Operation Exam Kansas Hazardous Occupation Training
2006 Machinery Operation Exam Kansas Hazardous Occupation Training Student Name: Date: Instructor: A passing score of 75% is recommended for the written exam, meaning the student must get at least 38 questions
More informationHorsepower to Drive a Pump
Horsepower to Drive a Pump Definitions To work with horsepower, we need a solid understanding of what it is. Therefore, this section will start out with an eplanation of terminology. In everyday conversation,
More informationPredicting Tractor Fuel Consumption
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications Biological Systems Engineering 24 Predicting Tractor Fuel Consumption
More informationAME 436. Energy and Propulsion. Lecture 6 Unsteady-flow (reciprocating) engines 1: Basic operating principles, design & performance parameters
AME 436 Energy and Propulsion Lecture 6 Unsteady-flow (reciprocating) engines 1: Basic operating principles, design & performance parameters Outline Classification of unsteady-flow engines Basic operating
More informationMAHINDRA wd (92HP) TRACTORS TOUGH AND RELAIABLE MOST POWERFUL TRACTOR IN ITS CATEGORY
9500 4WD Series MAHINDRA 9500 4wd (92HP) TRACTORS TOUGH AND RELAIABLE MOST POWERFUL TRACTOR IN ITS CATEGORY INTRODUCTION The 9500-4WD series tractors are ideal for : Primary and secondary tillage Livestock
More informationPolaris Industries Summer 2014
Polaris Industries Summer 2014 leading innovations that make its utility and offexample, Polaris innovations include: PVT variable transmission, which We started using them in the 60s when Overview: This
More informationRIGID, FOLDING AND OFFSET ROTARY TILLERS. The strongest and most reliable farming solutions.
RIGID, FOLDING AND OFFSET ROTARY TILLERS The strongest and most reliable farming solutions. ROTARY TILLERS ROTARY TILLERS RANGE Maschio Group has been manufacturing rotary tillers for the last 50 years:
More informationEARLY RISER 2160 LARGE FRONT FOLD PLANTER WITH OPTIONAL ROWTRAC CARRIER SYSTEM
EARLY RISER 2160 LARGE FRONT FOLD PLANTER WITH OPTIONAL ROWTRAC CARRIER SYSTEM HIGH-EFFICIENCY PLANTING: COVER MORE GROUND IN LESS TIME. We rethought every inch of the new 2160 Early Riser planter to give
More informationKOHLER COMMAND PRO EFI HP Engines
KOHLER COMMAND PRO EFI 19 26.5 HP Engines SAVES YOU CASH. AND LOTS OF IT. Reducing operating costs on a single engine is good. Saving on an entire fleet? Now that could mean big changes for your business.
More informationNET HORSEPOWER 29.5 kw rpm OPERATING WEIGHT D21A-8: 3940 kg 8,690 lb D21P-8: 4240 kg 9,350 lb
NET HORSEPOWER 29.5 kw 40 HP @ 2450 rpm OPERATING WEIGHT D21A-8: 3940 kg 8,690 lb D21P-8: 4240 kg 9,350 lb D21A-8 D21P-8 D 21 CRAWLER DOZER Photos may include optional equipment. D21A/P-8 C R A W L E R
More informationChapter 2: Approaches to Problem Solving Lecture notes Math 1030 Section A
Section A.1: You Can t Add Apples and Oranges Definition of units The units of a quantity describe what is measured or counted. We cannot add or subtract numbers with different units, but we can multiply
More information2008 Tractor Operation Exam Kansas Hazardous Occupation Training
2008 Tractor Operation Exam Kansas Hazardous Occupation Training Student Name: Date: Instructor: A passing score of 75% is recommended for the written exam, meaning the student must get at least 38 questions
More informationFarm Machiner y Custom and Rental Rate Guide
2018-19 Farm Machiner y and Rental Guide This guide has been established to provide approximate costs for renting equipment or obtaining custom farming operations from another farmer. It is not intended
More informationQualification: /515 Level 3 Land-based Engineering - Theory exam June 2018
Qualification: 0171-38-015/515 Level 3 Land-based Engineering - Theory exam June 2018 1 1a. Define Hooke s law. (1 mark) 1b. State the formula for Hooke s law. (1 mark) 1c. Using the graph in Figure 1,
More informationThe Mechanics of Tractor - Implement Performance
The Mechanics of Tractor - Implement Performance Theory and Worked Examples R.H. Macmillan CHAPTER 3 TRACTOR PERFORMANCE ON FIRM SURFACE Printed from: http://www.eprints.unimelb.edu.au CONTENTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION
More informationPRECISION DISK 500 & 500T
AIR DRILLS PRECISION DISK 500 & 500T PRECISION DISK 500 & 500T AIR DRILLS 2 PRECISION DISK 500 & 500T AIR DRILLS 2 Models Toolbar Widths From 25 60 Feet SEEDING TECHNOLOGY THAT MAKES EVERY SEED COUNT.
More informationILGI Aragon Disc Tillers
ARAGON DISC TILLERS ILGI Aragon Disc Tillers The ILGI Aragon is a multi purpose tillage tool, capable of tasks from light soil tilth and stubble preparation, through to complete primary cultivation. The
More informationFARM MACHINERY ECONOMIC COST ESTIMATES FOR 2002
Revised September 4, 2002 FO-6696 College of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences FARM MACHINERY ECONOMIC COST ESTIMATES FOR 2002 by William Lazarus Extension Economist - Farm Management Department
More informationChapter 3. Power Measurement Methods. Power Measurement Methods. Engine and Vehicle Testing
Chapter 3 Engine and Vehicle Testing Power Measurement Methods Power the rate of doing work. A unit of power is a newton meter per second (watt). Brake power the power output of the engine crankshaft.
More informationSALFORD TILLAGE TILLAGE Disc Ripper Harrow Moldboard Plows. Field Cultivators 9700 CTS In-Line Ripper
SALFORD TILLAGE TILLAGE Field Cultivators 9700 CTS In-Line Ripper 9800 Disc Ripper Harrow Moldboard Plows TILLAGE TOOLS FOR TODAY S FARMER It started in 1978 with a cultivator. Designed and manufactured
More informationComparative Field Evaluation of Three Models of a Tractor
Comparative Field Evaluation of Three Models of a Tractor Ahaneku, I. E. 1+, O. A. Oyelade 2, and T. Faleye 2 1. Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Federal University of Technology,
More informationEngine Design Classifications
Chapter 12 Engine Design Classifications Name: Date: Instructor: Score: Textbook pages 158-175 Objective: After studying this chapter, you will be able to describe and explain basic automotive engine designs
More information301 0 Row Crop. and Standard
John Deere MODEL: 301 0 Row Crop and Standard THIS IS A MANUAL PRODUCED BY JENSALES INC. WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION OF JOHN DEERE OR IT'S SUCCESSORS. JOHN DEERE AND IT'S SUCCESSORS ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR
More informationEngine incl. cooling system and air filtration system Engine incl. cooling system, air filtration system, and frame. Standby Power.
Important This Technical Data Sheet and the corresponding Installation Instructions provide important information to ensure the installed engine will operate according to the design specification in the
More informationPERFORMANCE ENGINEERING
PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING Every part, every component, every system on a KOHLER engine is guided by our exclusive Performance Engineering standards standards that drive us to operate on the leading edge
More informationNEBRASKA OECD TRACTOR TEST 1996 SUMMARY 771 CASE IH MAGNUM 225 DIESEL CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION
NEBRASKA OECD TRACTOR TEST 1996 SUMMARY 771 CASE IH MAGNUM 225 DIESEL CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION POWER TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE DYNO-TEST MODE (SEE NOTE) Power Crank Diesel HP shaft Consumption (kw)
More informationAnswers to Your Questions
Answers to Your Questions ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DIVISION OF TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SAFETY SECTION Farmers and the Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (Updated ) Planting or harvesting
More informationAn Approach for Power Generation with Reduced Fuel Consumption using PTO Driven Generator
Current World Environment Vol. 11(2), 544-553 (2016) An Approach for Power Generation with Reduced Fuel Consumption using PTO Driven Generator MANISH PATEL* and H. RAHEMAN Agricultural and Food Engineering
More information