* * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS 6-8

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2 PREFACE From a purely statistical point of view, Michigan posted a better traffic safety experience in Compared with 1973, highway fatalities declined 15.3 per cent as total deaths fell below the 2, mark for the first time in ten years. Although the state suffered 1,875 crash-related deaths, a downward trend was reflected in 324,763 accidents (7. 4 per cent fewer than 1973)anda decline in injuries (141,132 or 16.7 per cent less than the previous year). Many factors may be cited as contributing to this better record, such as lower speed limits, fuel shortages, and depressed economic conditions. Whatever the reasons may be, there is still no room for complacency so long as we continue to have death and injury on our highways. Nothing short of a total commitment of our resources will be enough if we are to promote safer highway travel in Michigan. The information on accidents in this booklet is based on individual reports and summaries furnished by local police departments, sheriff jurisdictions, and the Department of State Police. Other related data were obtained from the Departments of State Highways and Transportation, State, and Public Health. Grateful appreciation is expressed for this assistance from both state and local agencies. ~r~ Colonel George L. Halverson Director Michigan Department of State Police

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK FACTS... TREND STATEMENT... a. Trend Tabulations... b. Summary Trends... PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS a. Urban, Rural, Pedestrian, Non-Pedestrian... WHEN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OCCURRED... a. Fatal Accidents by Day and Month... b. Persons Killed by Day and Month... c. Various Time Periods... WHERE FATAL TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OCCUR... a. Statewide Fatality Breakdown by County, MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS, MILEAGE AND RATES BY MONTH... SPECIAL ACCIDENT DATA... a. Bicycle Accidents... ~... b. Motorcycle and Motor Scooter Data... c. Railroad Accidents... d. Motor Vehicle-Deer Accidents... e. Snowmobile Accidents... f. Farm Equipment Accidents... VEHICLE INSPECTION DATA... AGE OF MAJORITY ACCIDENT DATA... BREATH TESTING DATA... YOUNG DRIVER DATA... PERSONS KILLED BY AGE... RESIDENCE OF DFtlVER... MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS... MICHIGAN SPEED REPORT... a. Type of Lane and Vehicle... b. Vehicle Average Speed... BJECTS HIT... ~... ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE BY ROADWAY TYPE... DETAILED INFORMATION... a. Annual Report b. Statewide Summary... c. Urban Summary... d. Rural Summary... e. Accident Data, Cities 2,5 Population and Over... f. Accident Data, Statewide by County... COMPARATIVE SUMMARIES... a. Deaths by County, b. Deaths by City, 1, Population and Over, c. Deaths, Injuries and Accidents by Location, d. Deaths by Month, by Year, e. Trend Data for Fatal Accidents, f. Selected Holiday Data, g. Accident Related Data, * * * * * ,

4 QUICK FACTS There were 324,763 reported accidents of which 95,373 were personal injury and 227,739 were property damage accidents. A traffic accident was reported every 1 minute 37 seconds. Children under the age of 15 accounted for 57.4% of the bicycle deaths. One person was killed every 4 hours and 4 minutes as a result of a traffic accident. Of those fatal accidents where the drinking condition was determined, 49.2 per cent indicated that alcohol was a factor. There were 141,132 persons injured, crippled and maimed. One person was injured every 3 minutes and 43 seconds in a traffic accident in Michigan. The economic loss in Michigan traffic accidents amounted to $675,,. For each person killed, there were 75.3 persons injured. Excessive speed, or speed too fast for conditions, was indicated in 45.1 per cent of all fatal accidents. Of the 2,418 drivers involved in fatal accidents, 2.3 per cent were under 2 years of age and 39. per cent of all drivers involved in fatal accidents were under 25 years of age. Of all fatal accidents, 25. per cent occurred at intersections. In the last five years, 1,67 5 persons have been killed in Michigan traffic accidents. This is an average of 2,13 5 per year. During the previous five-year period, 11,45 persons were killed for an average of 2,29 per year. One out of every 4,733 persons living in Michigan was killed in traffic accidents, one out of every 63.1 persons was injured, one out of every 15.5 motor vehicles registered in Michigan and one out of every 17.8 licensed drivers in Michigan was involved in a traffic accident. The 1,875 persons killed were the result of 1,651 fatal accidents for an average of 1.14 deaths per fatal accident per cent of all accidents occurred in URBAN areas, BUT 66 per cent of all traffic deaths occurred in RURAL areas. The pedestrian death toll for Michigan stands at 299 persons. This represents a decrease of 65 deaths from the 1973 figure. For each pedestrian killed, there were 19.6 injured. Of all pedestrians, 79. per cent were killed between intersections. Of all pedestrians killed, 41.1 per cent were under the age of 2 years. During the past five years, a total of 1,833 pedestrians have been killed, an average of 367 per year, or more than one per day. -5-

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6 accidents decreased 7.4% statewide. Fatal accidents decreased 15.3%. Persons killed decreased 15.3%. Injury accidents decreased 13.5%. Persons injured decreased 16.7% SUMMARY TRENDS Persons sustaining "A" type injuries (the most serious) dropped 15.5%. Vehicle occupants, drivers and passenger deaths decreased 17.9%. Non-vehicle occupants, pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, farm equipment and others decreased 9.1 %. Drinking was a factor in 49.2% of all fatal accidents where the drinking condition was reported. an increase of.2%. SUMMARY Percent Change NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS Accidents ~.... Fatal Accidents Personal Injury Accidents Property Damage Accidents ,864 1,949 11, ,63 324,763 1,651 95, , PERSONS Kl LLED Male Female , , rotal 2,213 1,875 15~3 Drivers Passengers Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorcyclists Farm Equipment Other , rotal 2,213 1, DRINKING IN FATAL ACCIDENTS Had Been Drinking Had Not Been Drinking % 5.9% 49.2% 5.8% rotal 1.-' 1.% PERSONS INJURED "A" Injury "B" Injury.... "C" Injury ,514 48,586 94,385 22,397 43,28 75, , ,

7 The sizeable decreases in occupant deaths and "A" type injuries are very likely the result of improvements in vehicle safety components such as energy absorbing steering columns, padded dashboards, recessed knobs and handles, shatter-resistant glass, occupant restraint systems, etc. The continuous presence of alcohol as a factor in accidents indicates a need for more legislation in the accident field whereby all drivers involved in accidents would be subjected to a chemical test to determine their blood-alcohol content. As a measure of accomplishment, Michigan's death rate per 1 million miles has been driven downward from an all-time high of 16.8 in 1935 to the current 3.4 in Applying the 1 million mile death rate unit to the past three decades will reveal marked progress in the effort to save lives on the state's highways. A multi-factored effort may be credited with this overall improvement and rests largely on some rather exhaustive participation by several disciplines. Improved highway engineering techniques, technical advances in automobile design and manufacture, emergency medical advancement, better trained drivers and the efficient use of selective enforcement have all been responsible for this better experience. Traffic accidents, in general, result from various causes, direct and indirect. The three elements of traffic; the driver, the highway and the motor vehicle, contribute, in some measure, to every accident. A preponderance of evidence, however, points to driver error as the chief cause of the majority of accidents. Many common driver failures can be cited as contributory factors in accidents. Without any particular priority, enforcement investigation shows irresponsible attitude, lack of skill, inattention, fatigue, physical impairment, lack of knowledge and failure to drive defensively as accident-producing factors. It may be noted that the more experience.d driver compensates for many of these self-induced mistakes, drawing on learned skills and experiential techniques. Significantly, driver age group represents 25.7 per cent of the total licensed drivers in Michigan. However, they account for a disproportionate number of all accidents at 36.9 per cent and an involvement of 39. per cent in all fatal accidents. Comparing other ten-year age groupings with this record underscores the high risk potential of the group and strengthens conclusions drawn from past law enforcement experiences. One of the best prospects for accident reduction and safer driving is the continuation of driver education efforts and driver improvement programs. Michigan can currently boast of a national award-winning driver education program, high school oriented and administered by the Department of Education. This program enrolls 97 per cent of eligible students in qualifying courses annually. Driver improvement schools, relating to the courts, work to reestablish proper driving skills and attitudes in problem drivers. - - With the entrance of the Federal Government into the state traffic safety field (Highway Safety Act of 1966) an acceleration of research and development is producing promising dividends. Variables such as highway design, attitudinal research and program studies are being given a closer look with an eye toward more comprehensive accident prevention planning. Conclusions cannot be easily reached and the complexity of the total problem demands intensified enforcement participation. With exposure factors of increased traffic continuing to mount, it is obvious that every effort must be made to implement effective programs. The combined Federal-State jurisdictions will need maximum support from officials and citizens alike if the present trend is to be reversed and more lives are to be saved. -8-

8 PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF MOTOR-VEHICLE DEATHS Two out of every three deaths in 1974 occurred in places classified as rural. In URBAN areas, 25 per cent of the victims were pedestrians and in RURAL areas 89 per cent of the victims were occupa,nts of motor vehicles. Fifty-four per cent of all deaths occurred in night accidents. Pedestrian. 299 Non-Pedestrian 1,576 TOTAL DEATHS 1,875 I Day Night... 1,13 PEDESTRIAN 16 NON-PEDESTRIAN 48o 1 PEDESTRIAN 139 NON-PEDESTRIAN 1,96 I DAY 299 NIGHT I 341 I DAY 588 NIGHT J',s47 FATAL ACCIDENTS BY DATE AND MONTH Date s ,651-9-

9 PERSONS KILLED BY DATE AND MONTH Date s ,875 MICHIGAN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS FOR VARIOUS TIME PERIODS During 1974 Yearly Comparison Percent Change Per Day I Per Week I Per Month 1973 I Deaths ,213 1, Injuries ,714 11, , , Accidents ,245 27,63 35, , Cost of Accidents $1,849,315 $1 2,98, 769 $56,25, $73,, $675,, 7.5 Drivers Involved.. 1,494 1,489 45, , , Vehicles Involved 1,496 1,52 45,512 6,97 546,

10 WHERE TRAFFIC FATALITIES OCCURRED i , Counties Had Increases I> > :] 49 Counties Had Decreases c:::=j 6 Counties Had No Changes ~ -11-

11 MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS, MILEAGE AND RATES BY MONTH TRAFFIC DEATHS 1974 PERCENTAGES MONTH Percent Deaths Percent Miles Driven Death Rate* January.... February.... March.... April.... May.... June.... July.... August.... September.... October.... November.... December s ,177 2,152 2,258 2,213 1, *Deaths Per 1 Million Vehicle Miles Motor vehicle deaths, travel and death rates are at their lowest levels in April and December. In 1974, the highest death total was in September and November. Over the period, however, the highest average death total has been in July. MICHIGAN BICYCLE ACCIDENTS In 1974, there were 68 bicyclists killed and 4,173 injured in 4,841 total reported accidents involving bicycles and motor vehicles. The number killed was 4 less than in 1973, and injury records were 2.5% higher. Children under 15 years of age accounted for 39 or 57.4 per cent of the bicycle deaths in Generally, two to three times as many bicyclists are killed in rural areas as in urban areas. In 1974, rural deaths were 49 and there were 19 in urban areas. Past experience indicates that urban areas have two to three times as many bicycle injuries and total reported accidents compared with rural experience and this was true again in Age of Persons Killed years years years years years years years years years years & Over.... Not Stated s

12 AGE OF PERSONS INJURED years years years ,36 1,216 1,691 1, years , years years years years years years & Over Not Stated ,256 2,368 2,849 4,13 4,173 Detailed information can be obtained on 1974 Michigan Bicycle Accidents by contacting the Michigan Department of State Police, Safety and Traffic Division. MICHIGAN MOTORCYCLE AND MOTOR SCOOTER DATA 197 Registrations ,941 Deaths Death Rate* Estimated Mileage**. 47,823 Death Rate** , , ,6 262,742 36, ,8 788, , *Based on 1, cycle registrations **Based on 3, miles per cycle ***Based on deaths per 1 million vehicle miles traveled Since 197, the number of motorcycles in the state has been increasing at a rapid pace as shown in the table above. Compared with a 2 per cent increase in the total motor vehicles between 197 and 1974, the number of motorcycles increased 96 per cent. It is encouraging to note a downward trend in the death rate of motorcycle riders which undoubtedly is the result of the helmet law, driver licensing and more awareness of cycles by the rest of the motoring public. Based on deaths per 1, registrations for the five-year period, the average mortality rate for motorcycles is 7.8 while deaths for all vehicles is 3.9 per 1, registered. There are no accurate mileage figures for motorcycles, but estimates range from 3, to 5, miles per year for personal cycles. Such figures indicate that the mileage death rate, based on rider deaths only, may range between 21.4 and 28.9 (deaths per 1 million vehicle miles of travel). This compares with the 1974 death rate for all motor vehicles of 3.4 per 1 million miles which includes pedestrian and other nonoccupant deaths as well as occupant deaths. Detailed information can be obtained on 1974 Michigan Motorcycle and Motor Scooter Data by contacting the Michigan Department of State Police, Safety and Traffic Division. -13-

13 MICHIGAN RAILROAD ACCIDENTS Of the 561 grade crossing accidents which happened in Michigan during 1974, 32 were fatal accidents in which 48 persons were killed. Approximately 75 per cent of the vehicles struck were passenger cars. The rest were mostly trucks with fourteen motorcycles also involved. Fatal accidents involving railroad trains occurred most frequently during the first quarter and last quarter of the year. Nearly four out of five drivers involved in these type accidents were local residents who were either driving too fast and were unable to stop or disregarded the traffic signal. Detailed information can be obtained on 1974 Michigan Railroad Accidents by contacting the Michigan Department of State Police, Safety and Traffic Division. MICHIGAN MOTOR VEHICLE-DEER ACCIDENTS Michigan had 13,53 reported motor vehicle-deer accidents during 1974 in which 5 persons were killed as a result of the collision. Approximately 78.8 per cent of the vehicles involved were passenger cars. Accidents involving deer occurred most frequently during the second quarter (19.3%) and the last quarter (54.3%) of the year for a total of approximately 73.6 per cent of all car-deer collisions. Approximately 6 per cent of the drivers involved were local residents with 72 per cent of the accidents occurring during hours of darkness. Contrary to common belief, motor vehicle-deer accidents are happening in Michigan's southern,heavily populated counties, near cities and on main highways where traffic is heaviest. Detailed information can be obtained on 1974 Motor Vehicle-Deer Accidents by contacting the Michigan Department of State Police, Safety and Traffic Division. SNOWMOBILE ACCIDENTS TYPE OF ACCIDENT No. of Accidents No. of Persons Overturned.... Other Non-collision.. Pedestrian M. V. In Transport.. -f M. V.-Other Roadway Parked M.V... c Railroad Train :~ Pedalcyclist Animal. 8 Fixed Object.. Other Object.. s.... * l Fatal I Injury I P.O , , *Includes 297 On Roadway Accidents-1, 191 Off Roadway Accidents Killed I Injured ,388 Accident~Killed!Injured , Snowmobile accidents in Michigan have been increasing in alarming numbers as the vehicles become more numerous. Statistics show Michigan had 69,251 registered snowmobiles during the snow season. The latest statistics now show Michigan has registered 422,388 snowmobiles. -14-

14 The dramatic increase in the number of snowmobiles has brought with it many complications, particularly those pertaining to safe operation. Accidents resulting in fatalities are increasing and injury accidents decreasing this year. It is obvious that snowmobiles in the State of Michigan are not a passing fancy to be dealt with lightly; there must be action taken to improve the safety for all persons involved in snowmobiling. Detailed information can be obtained on 1974 Michigan Snowmobile Accidents by contacting the Michigan Department of State Polii:e, Safety and Traffic Division. MICHIGAN FARM EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS A total of.39 accidents involving farm equipment was reported on Michigan roadways during Of these accidents, 311 were the result of a collision with another vehicle. In 13 of these accidents, both vehicles were traveling in the same direction resulting in a rear-end collision. Of these accidents, 76 per cent happened during daylight hours on dry roads. Farm equipment accidents claimed the lives of 18 persons on Michigan roadways during Fourteen of the persons killed were drivers or passengers on the farm equipment. Of the remaining, one was the driver of an automobile and three were motorcyclists. Seven of the persons killed on farm equipment resulted from the vehicle overturning. Of the farm equipment drivers involved, 12.1 per cent were 16 years and under; 88 per cent were male drivers. Detailed information can be obtained on 1974 Michigan Farm Equipment Accidents by contacting the Michigan Department of State Police, Safety and Traffic Division. VEHICLE INSPECTION Michigan has completed its seventh full year of motor vehicle inspection using the check lane system. Michigan's inspection program is different from any of the states with formal inspection programs which places all of the emphasis on the vehicle. In Michigan, emphasis is also placed on a very important component that is missed by most states, namely the driver. In addition to detecting unsafe vehicle conditions, many unsafe drivers are contacted by inspecting officers. Driver error is by far the greatest cause of accidents in Michigan. The success of the check lane program is due, in part, to the participation of the 56 local law enforcement agencies and an additional 14 state or private agencies who have or~anized one or more inspection teams within their respective departments. INSPECTION RESULTS Vehicles Inspected.... Percentage Passed.... Citations Issued , % 4, ,6 33.6% 67, , % 72,941 32, % 61,87 3, % 5,91 NOTE: Citations were issued to 14,487 drivers for driver license defects including 595for revoked/suspended. ITEM INSPECTED Front Directional Light.... Washers.... Rear Directional Light.... Tire Tread..... Emergency Brake.... Rejection Percentage 24.9% 23.4% 22.9% 21.7% 16.6% Number of Vehicles 47,173 44,358 43,288 41,14 31,48 NOTE: Of the cars equipped with seat belts, 18.6 percent of those inspected were being used. -15-

15 AGE OF MAJORITY ACCIDENT DATA 18-2 Years Old (Effective ) One of the most publicized aspects of the drinking and driving problem has been the emphasis on the "young driver", 18 to 2 years of age. Very diverse opinions as to the significance of the data exists among the concerned interest groups. It is encouraging to note that the Michigan data reveals that the young drivers are not continuing their upward spiral (71-72) but have tended to level off (73-74) and become more stabilized. In an attempt to display the most pertinent information, the following schedules have been selected from the complete study for this publication. DRINKING DRIVERS INVOLVED IN ACCIDENTS 18-2 YEARS ALL AGES ACCIDENT TYPE %Change %Change All ,273 8,432 8, ,958 52,41 5, Fatal Injury.. 3,651 3,754 3, ,473 22,38 2, Property Damage 4,488 4,54 4, ,727 29,241 28, ALL DRIVERS INVOLVED IN ACCIDENTS 18-2 YEARS ALL AGES ACCIDENT TYPE %Change %Change All... 94,983 95,131 81, , , , Fatal ,976 2,99 2, Injury... 3,971 3,596 25, , , , Property Damage... 63,555 64,93 55, ,989 44,836 38, DRINKING DRIVERS IN PERCENT OF ALL DRIVERS INVOLVED IN ACCIDENTS ACCIDENT TYPE YEARS %Change 1972 ALL AGES % Change All.... Fatal... Injury... Property Damage DRIVERS ARRESTED FOR DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUOR (D.U.I.L.).. Male. Female ARRESTS ,151 3, YEARS ,468 3, %Change 3, , ,246 34,51 2,195 I ALL AGES ,31 35,924 2, ~Change 38, , ,

16 BREATH TESTING Public Act No. 253 of 1967, which became effective November 2, 1967, brought "Implied Consent" to Michigan.. The Federal government, under the National Highway Safety Act, provided Michigan with financial assistance in purchasing breath testing equipment and the training of officers in the use of the equipment. A training program was initiated with the cooperation of Michigan State University, Michigan Department of Public Health, Law Enforcement Training Council and the Michigan Departmen.t of State Police. The facilities of Michigan State University were utilized and comprehensive 4-hour training sessions were instigated. Police agencies from throughout Michigan participated in the program with a total of 3,38 officers trained as of December 31, In addition to the initial training program, officers have to be re-certified annually during one-day regional sessions to maintain their proficiency of operation and to keep abreast of the many changes in law and procedures. Currently there are ~.:JJJ2 active operators. The equipment, 246 Breathalyzers and 248 simulators, were received during the grant period and distributed to the participating agencies statewide with programmed maintenance for all units by Inspector-Operators from the Michigan Department of State Police. Some amendments to current legislation have been obviated by the need for more controls and the continuing problem of alcohol in highway safety. It is certain that continued training efforts will provide the means to control this great contributing factor to traffic accidents. Results of the breath testing program for the seventh fuli year of operation appear below: TEST RESULTS Number of Tests %of Tests %of Arrests. to to to and over : , ,388 21, " Breath Tests , Tests Refused.... 7,792* 21.2 Persons Arrested , *Based on refusal forms received by Department of State (includes information on certificates of conviction). Blood-alcohol levels of.4 are definitely associated with increased accident involvement according to studies. When the alcohol level reaches.6, the probability of causing an accident is twice that of the no-alcohol level, at.1 the probability is six times greater and at.15 it is 25 times greater than if the driver were sober. * * * * * -17-

17 1974 YOUNG DRIVERS There is no aspect of traffic safety more urgent than the problem of the dangerous young driver. Although they may seem to be unduly criticized, the available facts establish young drivers under 25 years of age as an extraordinary high risk group. Better statistics are needed on relative miles driven by the young driver, but the overall pattern year after year is distinct. The proportion of those drivers 15 to 24 years involved in all accidents is the highest of any age group, accounting for 39. per cent of all drivers involved in fatal accidents. This same age group accounts for only 25.7 per cent of the driving population. While the crash phase and post-crash phase are important for the prevention of injury and death in all age groups, the pre-crash phase is especially critical among young drivers. What are his attitudes, motivations, perceptions and reactions behind the wheel in the critical minutes and seconds before the "point-of-no-escape"? Excessive speed and loss of control, etc., may occur at any age, but never more than among young drivers. If the only assets required for safe driving were skills, reflexes and automotive knowledge, the average young driver could teach his elders. Instead, young drivers seem to provide proof that one's life-style and driving-style are inseparable. Since youth is a time of impulse, turmoil, testing and competition, that stage of driving and its consequences are increasingly tragic on both the state and national scale. Age of Driver Fatal Percent Accident Drivers Percent 1974 Fatal Percent Change Accident Driving Involvement Population I 16 years and under years years years Group Sub- 1, years years years years years years and over Not Stated Group Sub ,836 1, Drivers ,99 2,

18 TOTAL PERSONS KILLED Age years years years years years years years years years years years and over Not Stated s ,177 2,152 2,258 2,213 1,875 RESIDENCE OF DRIVER All Fatal Injury Property RESIDENCE OF Accidents Accidents Accidents Damage DRIVER %Of %Of %Of %Of Number Number Number Number In County , , , Elsewhere in state... 82, , , 14.7 Non-resident... 8, , , Not stated... 28, , , s , , , , In three out of four of all motor vehicle traffic accidents, and two out of three fatal accidents, one of the drivers was a local resident. This generally means he lived within 25 miles of the accident location. -19-

19 VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 3, 1974 COUNTIES PASSENGER COMMERCIAL TRAILER MOTORCYCLE MUNICIPAL TOTAL PLATES A leona Alger Allegan Alpena Antrim Arenac Baraga Barry Bay Benzie Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass Charlevoix Cheboygan Chippewa Clare Clinton Crawford Delta Dickinson Eaton Emmet Genesee Gladwin Gogebic Grand Traverse Gratiot Hillsdale Houghton Huron Ingham Ionia losco Iron Isabella Jackson Kalamazoo Kalkaska Kent Keweenaw Lake Lapeer Leelanau ' Lena wee , Livingston sso Luce Mackinac Macomb Manistee 1.2:>:> Marquette Mason Mecosta Menominee Midland Missaukee Monroe Montcalm Montmorency s.s94 Muskegon Newaygo Oakland Oceana Ogemaw Ontonagon Osceola Oscoda Otsego Ottawa Presque Isle Rosconvnon Saginaw St. Clair St. Joseph Sanilac Schoolcraft Shiawassee Tuscola Van Buren washtenaw Wayne Wexford Non-Resident TOTAL PLATES TOTAL REVENUE $ $ $ $ $

20 MICHIGAN SPEED REPORT TYPE OF LANE AND VEHICLE Percent Change FOUR AND SIX LANES-DIVIDED-LIMITED ACCESS (55 M.P.H. Limit) Passenger Vehicle Average Speed.... % Exceeding 55 M.P.H.... Commercial Vehicle Average Speed %Exceeding 55 M.P.H TWO LANES (55 M.P.H. Limit) Passenger Vehicle Average Speed % Exceeding 55 M.P.H.... Commercial Vehicle Average Speed %Exceeding 55 M.P.H VEHICLE AVERAGE SPEED Day Night PASSENGER CAR AVERAGE SPEED-RURAL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE AVERAGE SPEED Average speeds for both passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles have shown a substantial decrease on Michigan roadways, prompted by the energy crisis and the reduced speed limit, on all roadways. The Energy Conservation Act was signed into law January 2, 1974, establishing a maximum. speed limit of 55 miles per hour. The decline in motor v~atalities for 1974 was caused by a number of factors, and it would be misleading_.tocontribute it to the reduction in speed only. Other factors must be considered, suwa8 limited gasoline availability, increased unemployment, and reduction in travel. ~~~---./ With the 55-mile-per-ho~limit, traffic is moving at a relatively uniform speed, with little difference between the speed of individual vehicles, thus providing a safer driving environment with less potential for accidents. The percentage of vehicles exceeding 55 miles per hour shows an increase over 1973; however in 1973, 7 miles per hour was the maximum speed limit. -21-

21 OBJECTS HIT OBJECT HIT Personal Property Fatal Objects Injury Damage Accid. Hit Accid. Accid. Rural Accid. Urban Accid. Guard rail or post... 5, ,735 3,395 3,148 2,44 Highway si'gn.... 4, ,187 3,76 2,622 2,311 Street light, utility pole , ,966 4,915 2,86 6,16 Culvert Ditch, embankment, stream... 9, ,62 5,66 7,83 1,447 Bridge, pier or abutment Bridge, rail or deck Tree , ,146 4,21 6,85 2,438 Highway or railroad signal Building... 1, , ,37 Mailbox... 3, ,669 2, Fence... 2, ,187 1,544 1,369 Traffic isle or curb Separated or jackknifed trailer Other on-trafficway object... 2, ,839 1,25 1,36 Other off-trafficway object... 1, , Overhead fixed object Not known s... 52, ,148 32,955 31,13 21,634 The above summary lists incidents in which a fixed object was struck either as primary object hit or as the secondary object hit (rebound). Rural areas account for 58.9% of all fixed object accidents. Of all fatal accidents, 32.9% involve collisions with fixed objects. ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE BY ROADWAY TYPE The schedule below provides a detailed breakdown of estimated vehicle mileage, accidents, death rates (deaths per 1 million vehicle miles) and accident rates (accidents per 1 million vehicle miles) for the major roadways in Michigan. Statewide Estimated Mileage (Millions) Rates All Death Deaths Accidents Rate Personal lnj.-, Accidents Accidents Limited access roadway 11,434 16, U.S. & Michigan roads 16,411 72, County & local roads 27,93 235,458 1, s , ,763 1,

22 ANNUAL REPORT There were 1,875 persons killed and 141,132 persons injured in 324,763 reported motor vehicle traffic accidents in Michigan during Compared with 1973 experience, deaths decreased 15.3 per cent, injuries decreased 16.7 per cent and total reported accidents showed a 7.4 per cent decrease. In the year 1974, deaths dropped below 2, for the first time in ten consecutive years. Some exposure factors were up in Compared with 1973, motor vehicle registrations climbed 3.5 per cent, estiinated vehicle mileage dropped 4.6 per cent and licensed drivers increased 1. 7 per cent. With the increase in some exposure factors in 1974, the death rate of 3.36 per 1 million vehicle miles of travel represents a decrease from the 1973 death rate of Urban deaths decreased 9. 7 per cent, injuries decreased 17.9 per cent and total accidents decreased 7.8 per cent as compared to Rural deaths decreased 17.9 per cent, injuries decreased 14.6 per cent and total accidents decreased 6.7 per cent as compared to Urban areas accounted for 65 per cent of all accidents arid 34 per cent of all traffic deaths. Rural areas accounted for 35 per cent of all accidents and 66 per cent of all traffic deaths. Rural areas accounted for 37.1 per cent of all injuries while 62.9 per cent were in urban areas. Pedestrian deaths decreased 65 persons over the 1973 figure. Urban pedestrian deaths were down 62 over 1973 and rural pedestrian deaths were down a total of 3 persons. -23-

23 ST-1 (Port 1) Rev Motor Vehicle Traftic Accidents in Michigan PERIOD YEAR SUMMARY OF ALL REPORTED ACCIDENTS Compiled by the Michigan State Police COLONEL GEORGE L. HALVERSON, DIRECTOR S T A T E W I D E Summary Includes Information Available I N ~ I TOTAL ACCIDENTS 1. Overturned 2. Other Non-collision 3. Pedestrian 4. M.V. In Transport ~ 5. M.V.-Other Roadway 3: 6. Parked M. V. c ;;; 7. Railroad Train 8. Pedalcyclist (.) 9. Animal 1. Fixed Obiect 11. Other Object s NUPISER OF ACCIDENTS NUMBER OF PERSONS Fatal lnjwy P.O. Occupants Killed lnjwed Not Injured _95373 _2nn _ll THIS YEAR TO DATE I lnjwed Accidents Killed lnjll'ed 1 A 8 c ~ ON ROADWAY ACCIDENTS 1. Overturned 2. other Non-collision 3. Pedestrian 4. M.V. In Transport ~.'.:: 5. M.V.-Other Roadway 3: 6. Parked M. V Railroad Train : 8. Pedalcyclist (.) 9. Animal 1. Fixed Object 11. Other Object s NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS NUMBER OF PERSONS THIS YEAR TO DATE Fatal Injury P.O. Injured Killed lnjll'ed Not lnjll'ed Accidents Killed Injured Occupants A B c C _ , c_15_42.q '

24 I N VI I NUMBER Of ACCIDENTS OFF ROADWAY ACCIDENTS Fatal lnjii'y P.O. 1.vertwned ther Non-Collision Pedestrian M.V. In Transport ; 5.M.V.-Other Roadway 1 1 o_!!= &.Parked Motor Vehicle 34U!S~ LIS S 7.Railroad Train D u I!S ~ 8.1'edalcyclist Animal (.) 1.Fixed Object ther Object s NUMBER Of ACCIDENTS ROAD SURFACE Fatal Injury P.O. Dry Wet Snowy/Icy Other LIGHT CONDITION NUMIER Of ACCIDENTS Fatal lnjll"f P.O. Daylight Dawn/Dusk Darkness/Lights Darkness/No Lights Not Stated CODE OF INJURY A-INCAPACITATING INJURY-Any injii'y other than fatal which prevents normal activities and generally requires hospitali zation. B-NON INCAPACITATI~ INJURY-Any injury not incapacitating but evident to others at the scane. C-POSSIBLE INJURY-No visible injii'y but complai11t of pain or. momentary unconscio TOll I Occupants Killed ll u AGE G & l15&ver 86 Not Stated AGE Q & & v 1728 Not Stated 164 TOIII NW&R OF PERSONS THIS YEAR TO DATE Injured lnjll'8d Not Injured Accidents Killed Injured A B c u 1 1 u !) u I NUMBER Of PERSONS KILLED Pedal/ Male Female Driver Pass. Ped. M/cycle cycle Farm Other NUMBER OF PERSONS INJURED Pedal/ Male female Driver Pass. Peel. cycle Mlcycle farm Othef ?'\F. _ll_ ' jj_ ! so

25 ST-1 (Part 21 Rev STATEWIDE STATEWIDE NUMBER OF PERSONS THIS YEAR TO DATE KILLED INJURED INJURY SEVERITY ON ROADWAY OFF ROADWAY MUNICIPALITIES TOTAL OCCUP. On Off On Off A B c Not Killed lnjwed Killed Injured Roadway Roadway Roadway Roadway Injured 1. Townships Under 1, , ,5-5, , - 1, , il. 5, - 1, , - 25, , or more s MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS THIS YEAR TO DATE ALL ACCIDENTS ON ROADWAY OFF ROADWAY Fatal lnjwy P.O. Fatal Injury P.O. Fatal Injury P.O. Fatal Injury P.O. N 1. Townships \ I 2. Under , - 2, , , - 1, so , - 5, B. 5, - 1, , - 25, , or more s NUMBER OF PERSONS THIS YEAR TO DATE KILLED CLASS OF TRAFFICWAY TOTAL INJIJIED INJURY SEVERITY ON ROADWAY OFF ROADWAY OCCUP. On. Off On Off A B c Not Roadway_ Roadway Roadway Roadway lniured Killed Injured Killed Injured 1. Interstate System Other Full Control Other US Route Other State M Routes Other Maj_or Arterial County Roads 7. Loca I Streets 8. Other Trafficways 9. Local Roads-N.K s ?1\'i \Hl 171 'i

26 NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS CLASS OF TRAFFICWAY All ACCIDENTS ON ROADWAY OFF ROADWAY THIS YEAR TO DATE Fatal Injury P.O. Fatal Injury P.O. Fatal Injury P.O. Fatal lnj~y P.O. 1. Interstate System b Other Full Control Other US Route ' Other State M Routes Other Major Arterial County Roads 7. Loca I Streets 8. Other Trafficways 9. Local Roads-N.K s I N...,] I ALL ACCIDENTS PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENlS At Not At litter. Inter. 1. Car Going Straight Car Turning Right Car Turning Left Car Backing All Others Not Stated s PEDESTRIAN ACTIONS BY AGE 1a. Crossing at intersection or in crosswalk 1b. Crossing not at intersection or in crosswalk 2a. Walking in roadway-with traffic 2b. Walking in roadway-against traffic 3. Standing in roadway 4. Pushing or working on vehicle in roadway 5. Other working in roadway 6. Playing in roadway 7. Other in roadway 8. Not in roadway 9. Not Stated s FATAL INJURY PROPERTY DAMAGE At Not At At Not At At Not At Inter. Inter. Inter. Inter. Inter Inter AGE OF PEDESTRIANS KILLED AND INJURED PEDESTRIANS KILLED Oto 4 5 to 9 1 to to 19 2 to to to 64 65&1der Not Stated !! 98 _3~ , L 24 ITS ~ Jb !! so