Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.)

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1 osce 20 Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.) OSCE Yearbook 2014 Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Nomos

2 OSCE Yearbook Volume

3 Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.) OSCE Yearbook 2014 Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Edited by the IFSH in co-operation with Jonathan Dean (d. 2014), Ambassador ret., Union of Concerned Scientists, Washington Pál Dunay, OSCE Academy, Bishkek Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Member of the Executive Board of the European Leadership Network, Warsaw Andrei Zagorski, Moscow State Institute for International Relations, Moscow Editor-in-Chief: Ursel Schlichting, Hamburg Translator/Editor: Graeme Currie, Hamburg Nomos

4 Articles of the OSCE Yearbook are indexed in World Affairs Online (WAO), accessible via the IREON portal. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at ISBN (Print) (epdf) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN (Print) (epdf) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg/IFSH (ed.) OSCE Yearbook 2014 Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) IFSH 402 p. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN (Print) (epdf) 1. Edition 2015 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, Germany Printed and bound in Germany. This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to Verwertungs gesellschaft Wort, Munich. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos or the editor.

5 Contents Ursel Schlichting Preface 9 Reinhard Mutz/Götz Neuneck Guiding Spirit and Man of the First Hour. In Memoriam: Jonathan Dean 17 I. States of Affairs Affairs of State The OSCE and European Security: Focus on Helsinki +40 against the Background of the Ukraine Crisis Heidi Grau The 2014 Swiss OSCE Chairmanship: Between Routine and Crisis 25 Marianne von Grünigen/Hans-Jörg Renk Forty Years of the Helsinki Final Act A Cause for Celebration? 41 Igor Ivanov Europe Needs the OSCE, Just As It Did 40 Years Ago 53 Ivica Dačić Approaching Four Decades What the Serbian Chairmanship Wishes to Achieve in the OSCE s Jubilee Year 61 Fred Tanner Helsinki +40 and the Crisis in Ukraine 69 Jafar Usmanov OSCE Field Operations in the Helsinki +40 Process: A Case Study on the Presence in Tajikistan 83 Lamberto Zannier The OSCE and Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter Contributing to Global Peace and Security 97 5

6 Steven Pifer US-Russia Relations in the Obama Era: From Reset to Refreeze? 111 The OSCE Participating States: Domestic Developments and Multilateral Commitment Hendrik Meurs Staging Legitimacy: Mechanisms for Power Retention in Turkmenistan 127 Graeme Currie Broken Dreaming: The 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum 141 Adiyasuren Jamiyandagva Mongolia and the OSCE 155 II. Responsibilities, Instruments, Mechanisms, and Procedures Conflict Prevention and Dispute Settlement P. Terrence Hopmann Minsk Group Mediation of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Confronting an Intractable Conflict 167 Focus on the Ukraine Crisis Claus Neukirch The Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine: Operational Challenges and New Horizons 183 Graeme P. Herd Russia and Ukraine: Victory Is not Possible; Defeat Is not an Option 199 Tatyana Parkhalina What Makes Russia Tick? 215 6

7 Iryna Solonenko Ukrainian Civil Society from the Orange Revolution to Euromaidan: Striving for a New Social Contract 219 Pál Dunay Lessons to Learn: The Effect of the Ukraine Crisis on European and Euro-Atlantic Security 237 Comprehensive Security: The Three Dimensions and Cross-Dimensional Challenges Francesco Marchesano Election Observation as a Point of Contention between the Russian Federation and ODIHR 263 Rüdiger Lüdeking Military Confidence-Building and Conventional Arms Control in Europe against the Background of the Ukraine Crisis 275 III. Organizational Aspects OSCE Institutions and Structures Shairbek Juraev The OSCE Academy: Working for Long-Term Comprehensive Security in Central Asia 287 External Relations and Influence Sebastian Schiek The Afghanistan Conflict As a Power Resource for Central Asia? 301 Loïc Simonet The OSCE Mediterranean Partnership Four Years after the Start of the Arab Spring 315 Dimitar Paunov Assessing the Success of EU-OSCE Co-operation: A Case of Mutualism? 339 7

8 Annexes Forms and Forums of Co-operation in the OSCE Area 355 The 57 OSCE Participating States Facts and Figures 357 OSCE Conferences, Meetings, and Events 2013/ OSCE Selected Bibliography 2013/ Abbreviations 393 Contributors 401 8