Electricity to Light

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1 Powerful Classroom Assessment for STC/MS Energy, Machines, and Motion Unit to be given after Lesson 4 Electricity to Light Grade 8 Inquiry Scenario Published by the Team of the Washington Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction on August 31, Copyright 2005 by Washington Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI 1 September 14, 2005

2 Directions: Use the following information to answer the questions. Students wondered about how the amount of time a battery is charged affects the time a flashlight gives off light. They did the following investigation. Question: How does the amount of time a battery is charged affect the time the flashlight gives off light? Hypothesis (prediction): A flashlight should give off light for about the same amount time as the batteries were charged because the energy put into the battery should be about the same as the energy out. Materials: uncharged batteries battery charger flashlight timer Investigation Set-up Student putting battery into flashlight Electrical outlet Batteries Battery charger Uncharged battery Flashlight (front piece) 2 September 14, 2005

3 Procedure: 1. Set up the uncharged batteries, flashlight, and battery charger as shown in the Investigation Set-up diagram. 2. Place two uncharged batteries in the charger. Turn the charger on for 30 seconds(s). 3. Be sure the flashlight is turned off, and then correctly put the two charged batteries in the flashlight. 4. Turn the flashlight on. Measure and record the time the flashlight is giving off light as Trial 1 for the amount of time the batteries were charged. 5. Repeat steps 2-5 increasing the charging time from 30 s to 60 s, 120 s, and finally 240 s. 6. Repeat the entire investigation two times as Trials 2 and Calculate and record the average time the flashlight gave off light for each charging time. Data: Time Battery was Charged vs. Time Flashlight gave off Light Time Battery was Charged (seconds) Time Flashlight gave off Light (seconds) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average September 14, 2005

4 Directions: Use the scenario to answer the following questions. 1 Which variable was a controlled (kept the same) variable in this investigation? o A. Type of rechargeable battery o B. Time the battery charger was on o C. Amount of light given off by the flashlight o D. Amount of electricity used by the flashlight 2 Which variable was the manipulated (changed) variable in this investigation? o A. Time that the light is given off by the flashlight o B. Time between the trials for each charge o C. Time the flashlight bulb gave off light o D. Time the battery was charged 3 Which variable was the responding (dependent) variable in this investigation? o A. Type of light bulb in the flashlight o B. Length of time the flashlight gave off light o C. Number of batteries used in the flashlight o D. Amount of light given off by the flashlight 4 Why did the students do the investigation three times as Trials 1, 2, and 3? o A. To follow the procedure for the investigation o B. To practice timing the light given off in the investigation o C. To improve the reliability of the results of the investigation o D. To determine the best charging time to use in the investigation 4 September 14, 2005

5 5 Based on the results of the investigation, about how long should the flashlight give off light if the batteries were charged for 180 seconds? o A. 178 seconds o B. 113 seconds o C. o D. 52 seconds 33 seconds 6 Write a conclusion for this investigation question. In your conclusion, be sure to: Answer the investigation question. Include supporting data from the Time Battery was Charged vs. Time Flashlight gave off Light table. Explain how these data support your conclusion. Question: How does the amount of time a battery is charged affect the time the flashlight gives off light? 5 September 14, 2005

6 7 What form of energy is stored in the battery because of being charged? o A. Light energy o B. Kinetic energy o C. Potential energy o D. Chemical energy 8 The students noticed that the flashlight gave off white light. When the white light shined on a student s shirt, the shirt appeared red. How does the white light become red light? o A. The shirt absorbs most of the white light and reflects red light. o B. The shirt absorbs most of the white light and emits red light. o C. White light changes to red light when transmitted. o D. White light changes to red light when refracted. 9 Scientists started using batteries about 200 years ago. Why did the battery help scientists discover many elements? o A. The battery produced energy that could break molecules into elements. o B. The battery powered lights allowing scientists to work longer hours. o C. The battery produced electricity that made new elements. o D. The battery powered strong microscopes to see elements. 6 September 14, 2005

7 10 The students predicted that the flashlight should give off light for about the same amount of time as the batteries were charged because the energy put into the battery should be about the same as the energy out Explain why the charging time was greater than the time the flashlight gave off light. In your explanation, be sure to: Describe the energy transformations from the electrical energy entering the battery charger to the light energy given off by the flashlight. Give a reason why the battery charging time was greater than the time the flashlight gave off light. Use words, labeled pictures, and/or labeled diagrams in your answer. Energy Transformations: Why was the battery charging time greater than the time the flashlight gave off light? 7 September 14, 2005

8 11 Plan an investigation to answer the students new question written in the box. In your plan, be sure to include: Prediction (hypothesis) Materials needed to do the investigation Procedure that includes: logical steps to do the investigation one controlled (kept the same) variable one manipulated (changed) variable one responding (dependent) variable how often measurements are taken and recorded Question: How does the type of bulb (6, 9, 12, and 15 watt) affect the time a flashlight gives off light? Hypothesis (prediction): Materials: Procedure: You may use this space for a labeled diagram to support your procedure. 8 September 14, 2005

9 Procedure: (continued) 9 September 14, 2005

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