Applications fall into two categories.

Transcription

1

2 The efficiency, reliability and quality of all rotating machinery, large and small, is of paramount importance to end users, and to remain competitive suppliers need to test prototype and production machines with increasing thoroughness. The margins for improvement are already so much reduced that success depends on highly accurate test stand measurements, particularly torque. Operators of large turbomachines are also increasingly interested in their in service performance and use permanently installed torquemeters for condition monitoring, maximising plant output and control purposes. Applications fall into two categories. Power Absorption Measurement -of pumps, fans, compressors, generators, gearboxes, etc using a torquemeter and any convenient prime mover: Power Output Measurement -of turbines, I.C engines, electric and hydraulic motors, etc using a torquemeter and any convenient load absorption device. Some practical applications: Performance measurement -Research and Development testing of prototype machines to the highest levels of accurac such as aero engine or industrial compressor development. Production testing -Pass off testing of production machines such as helicopter or automotive engines, Torquemeters Limited, founded in 1951, have a worldwide reputation for torquemeters of very high accuracyand credibility both for test stand Research and Development applications and also for permanent installation on large turbomachines. Their'Torquetronic' phase shift system, originally licensed from Rolls Royce, is used by many of the world's leading aero engine and turbomachinery companies and is available as a 0.1% accuracy standard model range or custom engineered to suit specific requirements. Torquemeters Limited are also the world leaders in continuous duty torquemeters for the oil, gas and petrochemical industries, with over 350 units in service on turbomachines up to 80MW and 20,000rpm with exceptional reliabili The mechanical design and interfacing of torquemeters to the coupled machines can be critical to their success. and the Company's reputation is based on their unique capability in high speed transmission engineering at high powers speeds up to I rpm. Operating from a purpose built factory with modern production, calibration and design facilities, the Company are certified to ISO 900 I. Sales, technical support and after sales service for the Company's international customer base is handled by a network of sales offices and agencies covering 20 countries worldwide. pumps, etc. Acceptance testing -Works or on-site acceptance of performance guarantees of coupled machines. Machinery protection -Indication of peak operating torque to prevent damage to process machinerr Process control -Optimisation of process plant machinery to maximise output, efficiency and product quality. Condition monitoring -Continuous indication of performance deterioration of process machines guides maintenance and cleaning scheduling. I

3 Phase shift principle This simple form of phase shift torquemeter is well known. As torque is applied to the rotating shaft, a change of phase is produced between the signals of the two pickups. Howeve large inaccuracies are introduced by any relative movements between the shaft and the pickups. i i I.. I To Phasemeter Torquetronic system The 'Torquetronic' system's key feature is the use of a pair of multipole pickups in the form of internally toothed rings, which provide compensation for any relative movement between shaft and stator: The circumferential pickup / field coils provide a toroidal flux path such that as the shaft rotates, the teeth generate sinusoidal signals in stationary coils, whose phase dispjacement is directly proportional to shaft twist and hence torque.. The integrity of the phase measurement electronics can be conclusively proved by inverting the two signals using a built in Complement switch. If the sum of the original and Complement readings add up to exactly 100% the phase measurement must be correct. I. I I I I.. Complement switch TORQUE (as % phase displacement) Rotastat feature 'Torquetronic' test stand models feature a built in Rotastat system in which the pickup teeth can be rotated to generate signals with the shaft stationary. This allows static calibration with lever arms and weights and zero speed torque measurement. The calibration constant of the system is simply the torque to twist the shaft through one tooth pitch which must clearly correspond to exactly 100% phase displacement. The stiffness of the high tensile steel shaft is as stable as Youngs modulus and exceptionally linear: To Phasemeter 2

4 Standard 'ET' models The ET model range of high precision transducers covers 1-75,000Nm, up to 120,000rpm in 4 frame sizes. Available in suspended or pedestal versions and Low, Medium and High Speed bearing contigurations.the unique interchangeable shaft facility typically allows each model to cover a 40: 1 torque range at full accuracy. ET I SOHS -14OONm, JO,OOOrpm ET9000HS- 75,OOONm, 6,500rpm Custom designs For special test rig applications at high or low speed,torquemeters Limited can provide custom designed solutions, including the complete transmission. Any rating considered. Turbine test rig kW 13,OOOrpm 3

5 Continuous Duty For condition monitoring of large turbomachines in the oil, gas petrochemical industries, Torquetronic is widely regarded as the most reliable and credible system available with over 300 installations on virtually every turbine type from I -80MW. (Ref Brochure PSL ) Gas pipeline booster 6,500rpm Tordisc couplings For exacting test stand applications Torquemeters Limited offer a range of standard or custom designed ultra lightweight low moment TORDISC diaphragm couplings. Torques up to 30,OOONm, speeds up to 80,OOOrpm. Electronics All 'Torquetronic' transducers use common electronics, the "613" Readout Unit or the '700" Signal Processor Unit, available with a wide range of digital and analog interfaces. (Ref Brochures PSL /56)

6 Specifications -ET models Resolution: Linearity + Hysteresis Zero Repeatability :t Temperature Compensation :t Static Calibration :t Speed :t 0.0 I % RD. 0.02% RD. 0.05% RD. 0.05% 0.05% Irpm The combination of the errors above in relation to the full scale Phase Displacement (PD.), typically 75% gives: Overall 95% Confidence level.0.9 w.8 ::> --' O.7 ::> ';:i.6 w L 0\!.5 1/1 «>- U.4 ::> U.3 «r i-i\ JTE Absolute :!: 0.13% F.S.D..2 RJPEATABltl Repeatability :!: 0.10% F.S.D. RPEATABIITY I Operating temperature C % PHASE DISPlACEMENT 5

7 The "Torquetronic" principle was conceived to provide the highest level of torque measurement accuracy and credibility for the exacting task of aero engine development. However; the practical accuracy of any Torquemeter is no more than can be proved to the users own satisfaction. Unlike most measuring instruments the transmission Torquemeter cannot be calibrated against any standard. The "Torquetronic" system was designed from the outset so that its integrity'can be readily proved by the following indirect tests OBSERVED READING P.D) Fig.Static calibration - Application of torque without rotation.dynamic calibration - Application of rotation without torque Static calibration The torsional stiffness of the shaft or the calibration constant is simply determined with lever arms, normally provided, and weights. The calibration is thereafter as stable as Youngs modulus and is strictly linear:very large shafts are usually supplied works calibrated on our 140kNm rig. Fig.1 shows the results of a typical calibration model, to a linearity of 0.0 I %RMS. The minor effect of shaft temperature on stiffness is precisely known and may be corrected for; using a shaft thermocouple. Dynamic calibration The Torquemeter is run with the driven machine uncoupled to establish the Zero Torque Datum (Z.TD.) Fig.2 shows the results of a typical calibration. Any systematic variation with speed is compensated electronicallf All transducers undergo no load testing and calibration up to their maximum operating speed on the company's 120,OOOrpm spinning facilitf Readout integrity is proven by a Reading + Complement check, Fig.3. 6

8 Standard ET models Nominal ratings for standard Torquemeters Special consideration for each application is advisable L.$. M.$, H.$, $, Low Speed, Grease Lubricated Medium Speed. Grease Lubricated High Speed. Oil Lubricated Suspended, Low Speed. Grease Lubricated ET5000 ET3000 1""'::- IU -ET2000 I 104,ET1000 IET12 1! ;ET r ' I 1- ETiiiO "ET600' ET250 M.S. rrf{ ret150 I ETio " I. ET60. L ""::- 1- ET25. -ET26- -ET25' ET12! T , - ET10 i " ET6 rets H,S E w ::> O Q: E w :J O Ix: 'rque Range )g Interchangeable Shafts INm 0.74 Ibf ft que shaft ratings are made to customel specification. Easi terchangeable ti N full accuracy t inel ler a very wide je range. 7

9

10 Installation Pedestal type The transducer is fixed to a bedplate. The couplings each side must have two flexible planes. Preferred choice for high speeds. Convenient for calibration Suspended type The transducer is supported by the shafts of the associated machines. The couplings on each side must have a single flexible plane. Casing rotation is restrained by a link Coupling selection Whilst the 'T orquetronic' transducers are designed to be insensitive to external shaft loading, T orquemeters Limited's extensive transmission engineering experience is available to assess or recommend coupling selection. For higher speeds and powers Torquemeters Limited manufacture the TORDISC, an advanced Low Mass Moment, profiled membrane coupling for speeds up to 80,OOOrpm and torques up to 30,OOONm. Lubrication Low and medium speed models are grease lubricated. High speed models are oil lubricated with air packed seals pressurised from an external fan.type K bearing thermocouples are standard on Medium Speed and High Speed models. Temperature Compensation For the highest possible accuracy or for use in high ambient conditions, a shaft thermocouple/rtd can be supplied for automatic modulus compensation (O.O25%/OC) Torque helix This is a useful way of defining the sense oftorque.t ransducers can be specified for unidirectional or bidirectional use. RIGHT HAND HELIX - Shaft is twisted as a right hand thread LEFT HAND HELIX - Shaft is twisted as a left hand thread 9

11 ABB AEROsPATIALE AEROTEsT AGUsTA ALLIED SIGNAL ALLISON ALVis ARIEL AUXILEC GEC MARCONI GIRDLESTONE GKN GLAENZER SPICER GODIVA GODWIN GRASSO PEUGEOT PHlLIPS PIAGGIO PLESSEY PRATT & WHITNEY BHEL, BMW-RR BUM BW/IP HAYWARD HELIKOPTER HOBOURN HONDA HOWDEN HPI TYLER SERVICES REM RENAULT RICARDO ROLLS ROYCE ROVER RWTH CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY CATERPILLAR CEAT CEGELEC CEPR SACLAY COMPAIR COSWORTH CRANFIELD IAC IFP ILMOR ITP KAWASAKI SAUER SUNDSTRAND SNECMA STORK SULZER SUNDSTRAND SVERDRUP KSB TECHNOFAN DEMAG DELAVAL DELPHI DFVLR DOWN LEROY SOMER LUCAS AEROSPACE THOMASSEN TOYOTA TURBOMECA EDF EGT FIAT FISCHER FLEMING FROUDE GARRETT GE GEC ALSTHOM MAN GHH MAWDSLEYS MHI MTU NAL NASA NIJHUIS NISSAN NORMALAIR- GARRETT NOVENCO NUOVO PIGNONE u s NAVY VOlVO WEIRS WESTLANDS YORK 10

12