Driver Fatigue and Distraction Countermeasures Hamish Mackie

Transcription

1 Driver Fatigue and Distraction Countermeasures Hamish Mackie

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5 What is driver fatigue and distraction? Fatigue is a physiological condition that can occur long before you fall asleep at the wheel. It has a negative impact on your reaction time, your ability to concentrate and your general understanding of the road and traffic around you. (National Road Safety Committee) Distraction involves the diversion of attention from driving, because the driver is temporarily focused on an object, person, task, or event not related to driving, which reduces the drivers awareness, decision making and/or performance, leading to an increased risk of corrective actions, near crashes, or crashes (Hedland, 2005)

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7 How big is the problem? Fatigue 13% of fatalities: Ministry of Transport 20% of all crashes overseas (Jackson et al, 2011) Distraction 10% 20 30% of all crashes coded with distraction of all crashes, overseas estimate

8 What causes driver fatigue? Sleep Restriction Body clock effects Driving duration and monotony Individual factors

9 What causes driver distraction? Vehicle Brought into the vehicle Signs, roadside etc Internal

10 The Research What do we know? We know what it is, how/when it happens etc We willingly drive when fatigued and distracted Individual differences are important We don t really know what to do with either Might get worse before it gets better Commercial drivers a stand out group

11 Fatigue Countermeasures In Vehicle Driver focussed Road infrastructure

12 Fatigue: In vehicle solutions Vehicle performance Fatigue detection Situation alerts

13 Fatigue: Driver solutions FRMS Hours of work Driver health and wellness Sleep duration / quality Driver messaging Readiness to perform technologies

14 Work (14-15 hours, incl breaks and commuting) Sleep (8 hours) Life: exercise, eating recreation, chores, family, community (2 hours!!!?) Fatigue Risk Management systems (FRMS)

15 Fatigue: Driver solutions FRMS Hours of work Driver health and wellness Sleep duration / quality Driver messaging Readiness to perform technologies

16 Fatigue - CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

17 Fatigue: Driver solutions FRMS Hours of work Driver health and wellness Sleep duration / quality Driver messaging Readiness to perform technologies

18 Fatigue: Road solutions Road infrastructure

19 Distraction Countermeasures

20 Legislation and enforcement Cognitive skills training at driver licensing Corporate leadership Technology e.g. Volvo intelligent driver information system (IDIS) and Driver Alert Control (DAC) Volvocars.com

21 Distraction: Road solutions Road infrastructure

22 A brief history of ATP research in NZ Baas, Charlton, dejong (2004) Review, rumble strips Ave 32% crash reduction Benefit cost calculator Mackie and Baas (2007) BCR typically 4 8, estimated 25% crash reduction James (2011) ATP high severity crash reduction of 28% (cf natural reduction of 6%) Dravitzki et al. sound/vibration responses, cyclists, motorcyclists Charlton (2007), Mackie (2009) lane keeping responses Mackie et al. (2009) ATP performance Mackie (2009) ATP contracts Current issues, removal, reinstatement

23 Summary Research mostly still focuses on defining the driving fatigue and distraction problem Exciting technology is just around the corner (10 years?) Preventing fatigued and distracted driving will take a long time (but could do a lot for commercial drivers now) Mitigation is immediate solution Road infrastructure best bet for now

24 Summary Road infrastructure Commercial operator initiatives Safe roads and roadsides Commercial operator norms Driver/vehicle technology Advertising and awareness Widespread uptake of technology Societal norms Now Med term Long term My proposed Fatigue and Distraction countermeasure plan (not necessarily view of any one else)