Road Safety CE576 Fall 2011

Transcription

1 NCHRP 17-40, June Road Safety CE576 Fall 2011 Ahmed Abdel-Rahim, Ph.D., P.E. The Nature of Road Safety Exercise 1: Defining Safety Various Definitions How do you define safety? Public health Highway safety professional Design, maintenance, or operations engineer Transit Human Factors

2 Total Injuries Injury Rate per 100M VMT Total Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100M VMT A Definition of Road Safety National Highway Fatalities and Fatality Rates * 48, Roadway safety is the number of accidents (crashes), or accident consequences, by kind and severity, expected to occur on the entity during a specific period. 46,000 44,000 42,000 40,000 38,000 36,000 34,000 Total Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100M Ezra Hauer 32,000 30, Source: Created by Cambridge Systematics based on fatality data retrieved from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) and vehicle miles traveled data (Federal Highway Administration. *2008 Preliminary data retrieved from NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts Research Note DOT HS National Highway Injuries and Injury Rates 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 Total Injuries Injury Rate per 100M The Public Health Perspective Events Causing Health Problems Cancer Heart disease Stroke Obesity Suicide Homicide Exposure to Risk 500, Source: Created by Cambridge Systematics based on injury data retrieved from NHTSA Traffic Crash Facts NCHRP 17-40, June

3 NCHRP 17-40, June Leading Causes of Death by Age Group, United States 2010 The Dynamics of a Crash Kinetic Energy: The energy an object possesses because of its motion 9 The Dynamics of a Crash The Dynamics of Crash Crash Models and Road Safety Slide 2: Explain and define crush energy (include image below) Crush energy: Deformation of car and human parts 10 11

4 NCHRP 17-40, June Driver Behavior and Crash Models Multidisciplinary Approaches Road Environment Factors (28%) 4% Human Factors (95%) 24% 67% 4% 4% Vehicle Factors (8%) Road Safety a Complex Field Road safety is a complex, multidisciplinary, multimodal field devoted to the prevention and/or mitigation of crashes, injuries, and fatalities. Major Topics The Complex Nature of Road Safety Safety Disciplines 4 Es of Road Safety Road Safety Modes Crash Prevention Paradigm Shift 14 15

5 NCHRP 17-40, June Safety Disciplines Safety Silos Backgrounds Education Perspectives Multimodal Institutional Levels Federal State Local Modes Passenger vehicles Trucks Transit Pedestrians/bicyclists The 4 Es of Road Safety Engineering Engineering Design Education Enforcement Emergency Response Construction Operations Maintenance Vehicle 18 19

6 NCHRP 17-40, June Education Enforcement Behavior Change Rules of the Road Risk Awareness Amplify Enforcement and Engineering Activities Police Prosecutors Judges Probation Emergency Response Incident Response Emergency Medical Services Fire and Rescue Hazardous Materials Removal Human Factors & Biomechanics Capabilities and Limitations of the Human Body Strength Reaction time Visual acuity Physical durability Effects of Exceeding Human Limitations 22 23

7 NCHRP 17-40, June Public/Private Administrators Vehicle Considerations Driver Licensing Vehicle Registration Analyze Insurance Claims Set Rates for Vehicle and Health Insurance Develop and Enforce Policies, Procedures, and Regulations Passenger Vehicles Largest number of crashes by far Size Performance characteristics Mode Connectivity Vehicle Characteristics Crash types Fleet diversity Height and weight Other Motorized Vehicles Comparison of Vehicle Type Involved in Crashes Commercial Vehicles Interaction with other vehicles Roadway considerations Motorcycles Transit and Rail Vehicle Type Passenger Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Motorcycles Rate (per 100 million Crash Total Number of Rate (per 100 million vehicle-miles Type Crashes registered vehicles) traveled) Fatal 25, Injury 1,893, ,401 Property Damage 4,169, ,085 Fatal 22, Injury 1,209, ,273 Property Damage 2,919, ,074 Fatal 4, Injury 82, Property Damage 354, ,176 Fatal 4, Injury 80, , Property Damage 18,

8 NCHRP 17-40, June Non-Motorized Transport Paradigm Shift Pedestrians Bicyclists Roadway Facilities Single Modes and Disciplines Collaboration Multidisciplinary and Multimodal Strategies Multidisciplinary Approaches Fatal Crash Involvement by Driver Age Young Drivers Zero tolerance Graduated driver licensing Safety Corridors 30 31

9 NCHRP 17-40, June State Licensing Law & Driver Fatal Crash Involvement Life-Saving Interventions GDL STRONGEST GDL reduction of 38% for fatal crashes and 40% for injury crashes among16-year-old drivers. WEAKEST GDL reduction of 11% for fatal crashes and 19% for injury crashes. 32 Source: Baker et al., 2007 Rating of GDL Laws in the United States Safety Corridor Programs Legislation Data Analysis Signage Enforcement Public Education Legend = Good Source: = Fair = Marginal Module = Poor 1-1 ermediate.aspx 35

10 NCHRP 17-40, June Safety Corridors in New Mexico 36