Toward zero deaths: Who needs to do the heavy lifting?

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1 Toward zero deaths: Who needs to do the heavy lifting? (Motorcycle Crash Trend in Florida) Chanyoung Lee, Ph.D. Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida Unprecedented Degree of Mobility Motor vehicle travel is the primary means of transportation in the United States, providing an unprecedented degree of mobility. Yet for all its advantages, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for age 4 and every age 11 through 27 (based on 2009 data). NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/ pdf 2 1

2 Pandemic? CDC estimated that between about 2,500 and 6, H1N1 related deaths occurred between April and October 17, The midlevel in this range was about 3, H1N1 related deaths. In 2011, 32,367 people were killed in the estimated 5,338,000 police reported motor vehicle traffic crashes 3 Toward Zero Deaths: A National Strategy on Highway Safety will be a data driven effort focusing on identifying and creating opportunities for changing American culture as it relates to highway safety. will also focus on developing strong leadership and champions in the organizations that can directly impact highway safety through engineering, enforcement, education, emergency medical service (EMS), policy, public health, communications, and other efforts. 4 2

3 Toward zero deaths Source: Florida DHSMV 5 Indexed Traffic Crashes in Florida Traffic Crashes Fatalities Total Injuries (# of Crashes/Fatalities/Injuries in 2003 = 1) 6 3

4 Motorcycle Crash 7 According to NHTSA, In 2011, 4,612 motorcyclists were killed in motor vehicle traffic crashes. Motorcycles made up 3 percent of all registered vehicles in the United States in 2011 and accounted for only 0.6 percent of all vehicle miles traveled. nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/ pdf 8 4

5 Motorcyclists Killed in Florida Operator Passenger 9 Indexed Injuries, Fatalities, and Crashes ( ) Indexed (2001 = 1) Indexed Motorcycle Crashes Indexed Motorcycle Fatalities Indexed Motorcycle Injuries

6 Indexed Crash Trend in Florida, Indexed (2003=1) Traffic Fatalities Motorcyclist Fatalities Year 11 Percent of Motorcycle Fatalities* and Crashes in All Traffic Crashes 20.0% 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 16.3% 17.1% 17.8% 18.8% 18.8% The Percent of Motorcycle Crashes in Traffic Crashes The Percent of Motorcycle 15.7% 15.7% Fatalities in Traffic Fatalities13.5% 8.2% 11.2% 9.6% 8.8% 2.3% 2.4% 2.7% 2.9% 3.0% 3.5% 3.6% 4.0% 3.5% 3.2% 3.8% 3.3% *Operator Only 12 6

7 Percent of Fatal and Injury Crashes in Motorcycle Crashes 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 88.5% 90.2% 90.0% 89.0% 89.4% 97.5% 97.3% 97.8% 98.7% 99.0% 92.4% 92.2% 4.3% 4.6% 4.6% 5.0% 5.9% 6.1% 6.0% 5.5% 4.8% 5.1% 5.2% 4.9% The Number of Motorcycle Fatalities / Total Motorcycle Crashes The Number of Motorcycle Injuries / Total Motorcycle Crashes 13 Percent of Fatal and Injury Crashes in All Traffic Crashes 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 56.7% 57.1% 57.1% 56.3% 55.1% 53.6% 52.9% 52.7% 53.3% 53.0% 51.7% 46.5% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.8% Fatal Crashes Injury Crahes 14 7

8 At-Fault Motorcycle riders are particularly vulnerable, and are seen by drivers as taking greater risks than other road users. Public perception is that motorcycle riders are reckless and more likely to ride at higher speeds. On the other hand, many motorcycle riders believe that drivers need more education and should have a greater awareness of motorcycles on the road. These opposing perceptions logically raise the question of fault, especially in motorcycle motor vehicle crashes. 15 Motorcycle Crash Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicles Motorcycle at fault Motorcycle at fault Other vehicle at fault 34 % 26 % 40 % :26/66 = about 40% :40/66 = about 60% Single Vehicle Crash for passenger car > 13 15% 16 8

9 Motorcycle Crashes in Florida by At-Fault Vehicle 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 36.8% 35.5% 37.2% 36.1% 34.9% 36.2% 36.2% 36.8% 35.6% 37.1% 25.9% 27.8% 26.2% 26.6% 26.7% 25.6% 26.6% 26.1% 26.7% 26.5% 37.3% 36.7% 36.6% 37.3% 38.4% 38.2% 37.2% 37.2% 37.7% 36.5% Year SMC Crash MCMV Crash (Motorcycle at fault) MCMV Crash (Motor Vehicle at fault)

10 19 Bike Types in Fatal Motorcycle Crashes 50.0% 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 45.9% 44.0% 32.8% 27.6% 12.8% 10.9% 6.6% 5.8% 0.8% 1.1% 2.5% 2.9% 3.8% 2.5% CRUISER SPORT OFF SCOOTER STANDARD TOURING N/A 2010 (366) 2011 (440) 2012 (448) ( ):Sample Size 20 10

11 Average Age of MC Operator in Fatal Motorcycle Crashes by Bike Type Age CRUISER SPORT OFF SCOOTER STANDARD TOURING Average 21 Number of Motorcyclists Killed by Age Number of Motorcyclists Killed Under

12 Countermeasures that work your first motorcycleeverything you need to know/#!yhsn5 23 DOT-Compliant Helmet 24 12

13 Motorcyclists Licensed(Endorsed) Unlicensed(Unendorsed) Formal training No formal training after endorsement after endorsement Formal training when endorsed YES YES YES NO No formal training when endorsed NO YES NO NO 25 Formal Training vs. Endorsement Formal training No formal training after endorsement after endorsement Total Formal training when endorsed 14% YES YES 52% YES NO 66% No formal training when endorsed 7% NO YES 27% NO NO 34% Total 21% 79% 100% Florida Motorcyclist Survey

14 Out of 10 motorcyclists in Florida No Formal Training No Motorcycle Endorsement 27 Florida was the one of first state to adopt a mandatory training law(july 2008) Florida was the first state to adopt a mandatory training law requiring all motorcyclists, regardless of age, to attend a motorcycle training course in order to obtain a motorcycle endorsement on their license. In addition, the mandatory training course is standardized across the state and follows the Motorcycle Safety Foundation s (MSF) curricula for the Basic Rider Course (BRC). Furthermore, the Florida Rider Training Program (FRTP) monitors all course providers in the state to ensure they are upholding all MSF standards, including training sites, course structure, and instructor training

15 Did you complete formal motorcycle training, such as the MSF s Basic Rider Course, in order to obtain your motorcycle endorsement? 140 # of survey respondent No, Without a formal training Yes, With a formal training On average, 66% respondents stated that they completed a formal training in order to obtain their motorcycle endorsement Year that survey respondent obtained his/her motorcycle endorsement Florida Motorcyclist Survey Proportion of motorcyclists with/without a formal training for endorsement 100% 90% 80% 70% Without a formal training With a formal training 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Florida Motorcyclist Survey 2013 Year that survey respondent obtained his/her motorcycle endorsement 30 15

16 Unendorsed Motorcyclists based on Crash Data 34.9% 35.2% 36.4% 35.5% 32.8% 28.9% 27.4% 27.8% 28.4% 28.5% What is your position towards the reinstatement of a universal helmet law in Florida? What is your opinion regarding the 2008 Florida Statue that requires all new riders to complete a basic training course in order to obtain a motorcycle endorsement? 72.7% Mandatory Training Law Universal Helmet Law 27.5% 22.6% 21.4% 24.8% 26.2% 3.4% 1.2% Strongly support Support Oppose Strongly oppose 32 16

17 What made you decide to take the Basic Rider Course? Court order 3.7% 3.2% 1.8% I am a new rider and want to have a motorcycle endorsement I have been riding and need a motorcycle endorsement 64.3% 64.0% 65.4% 27.4% 26.0% 26.4% I wanted to improve my skills 2.6% 4.6% 3.2% Other 2.0% 2.2% 3.2% Total 100.0% (543) 100.0% (497) 100.0% (500) 33 Riding Experience Prior to Course Very experienced 13.7% 16.1% 11.7% Somewhat experienced 40.6% 34.3% 32.4% Somewhat inexperienced 19.3% 18.1% 22.1% Very inexperienced (I have never ridden a motorcycle prior to the course) 26.4% 31.5% 33.8% Total 100% (539) 100% (496) 100% (497) 34 17

18 Would you recommend the MSF Basic Rider Course (BRC) to an experienced motorcyclist? All Response (488) Yes 86.7% No 13.3% Very experienced Response (57) Yes 77.2% No 22.9% 35 Would you consider taking the Experienced Rider Course (ERC)? Motorcycle riding experience prior to taking the Basic Rider Course(BRC) YES Very experienced 77.2% Somewhat experienced 82.2% Somewhat inexperienced 86.2% Very inexperienced (I had never operated a motorcycle prior to the course) 87.5% Florida Rider Training Survey

19 After a few years of riding 37 There are several motorcycle training courses for experienced riders. Would you consider attending one of these courses in the next 12 months? 70% 60% 61.1% 50% 40% 30% 31.9% 20% 10% 7.0% 0% I have recently taken a training course for riders No Yes Florida Motorcyclist Survey

20 Reason for Not Considering Experienced Rider Course (ERC) Too expensive 20.3% I don't have the time 19.3% I don't feel that I would learn much 32.8% I am unsure of the types of courses that are offered 9.2% Other 18.1% Florida Motorcyclist Survey % 10% 20% 30% 40% 39 Formal Training vs. Endorsement Formal training No formal training after endorsement after endorsement Total Formal training when endorsed 14% YES YES 52% YES NO 66% No formal training when endorsed 7% NO YES 27% NO NO 34% Total 21% 79% 100% Florida Motorcyclist Survey

21 Taking a training course after endorsement Required Military Improving Skills Sport Bike Built in Culture in Motorcycle Club GWRRA New Motorcycle Trike 41 Conclusion No Sliver Bullet PPE Use, Defensive Riding/Driving Required Motivation Culture Habit Benefit Price 42 21

22 43 Question? Chanyoung Lee, Ph.D. Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR)