Modelling of Synchronous Generation System for Renewable Energy

Transcription

1 International Journal of Electrical Component and Energy Converion 5; (): 3643 Publihed online March 3, 5 ( doi:.648/j.ijecec.5.4 Modelling of Synchronou Generation Sytem for Renewable Energy Amal Suilah, Nadia Graja, Amal Boudaya, Souhir Touni National School of Electronic and Telecommunication of Sfax, Sfax Univerity, SETIT Reearch Unit, Sfax, Tuniia addre: ouhir.touni@enetcom.rnu.tn (S. Touni) To cite thi article: Amal Suilah, Nadia Graja, Amal Boudaya, Souhir Touni. Modelling of Synchronou Generation Sytem for Renewable Energy. International Journal of Electrical Component and Energy Converion. Vol., No., 5, pp doi:.648/j.ijecec.5.4 Abtract: In thi paper we preent a modeling approach to a ytem for renewable energy generating including the lo of all the generation chain. The choice of the energy generation chain component i conducted taking account of the poibility to achieve high current to recover high power in the one hand and the implicity of the chain tructure and of it component in order to reduce the cot of production in the other hand. The implementation of the global model in the imulation environment Matlab Simulink ha led to very good reult of imulation encouraging the indutrialization proce of thi chain. Keyword: Permanent Magnet Generator, Rectifier, Modeling, Battery, Recovered Energy. Introduction In thi paper we preent a parameterized model of the generation chain of renewable energy. Thi tep i conducted in parallel with a ynchronou generator deign tage dedicated to the generation of energy [3]. Energy generation chain i ubdivided into module and each module i modeled at MatlabSimulink imulation environment. The coupling of different model lead to overall power generation chain model. Thi paper i mainly articulated around the following point: A preentation of the model approach to the different module of the energy generation chain. Implementation of the global model in the Matlab Simulink imulation environment. A decription of the imulation reult.. Converion Chain Structure Converion chain (figure ) ha a propeller to recover the energy generated by wind, thi mechanical energy i converted into an alternating electrical energy via a gear peed amplifier and a permanent magnet ynchronou generator. The electrical energy developed i alo converted into DC power through a threephae rectifier. Figure. Structure of the renewable enrgy ytem. 3. Model of the Battery The energy accumulator comprie batterie in parallel with uppercapacity to increae torage capacity. The Simulink model of the battery i hown in Figure [, ].

2 International Journal of Electrical Component and Energy Converion 5; (): Figure. Model imulink of the batterie. C i a capacity to take into account the tranitional arrangement. Ri i the internal reitance of the battery. 4. Equation of motion The equation that govern the motion of the rotating part of the energy generation chain i derived from the fundamental dynamic relationhip: dω J = Tm rd dt gn(t ) T ) em fer ( T gn(t ) em em T mec Where J i the moment of inertia of the rotating part, r d i the peed amplification ratio, T m i the torque impoed on the motor haft caued by the movement of wind, T em i the () electromagnetic torque, T mec i the torque due the mechanical loe and T fer i the torque due to iron loe [4]. T =.98 R V () 3 m p vent 3 T em = ei ii (3) Ω i= Where e i and i i are repectively the induced electromotive force and the current of the phae i. Where.98 i a coefficient that depend on the kinetic energy of the wind and pale propertie, R p i the pale ray and V vent i the wind peed. The implementation of thi equation in the environment MATLAB / Simulink i illutrated in Figure 3: Tm Tem Fcn4 rd Gain4 Fcn u[](u[]gn(u[])*u[3]gn(u[])*u[4]) /J Integrator W (5.5*ab(u).*u^) rd Gain6 Fcn Gain Gain 5 rd (.*(u[]/5)^.5*(mc*(bc/)^md*(bd/)^))/(u[]. ) rd Gain 3 Gain wm p/(*pi)*rd Figure 3. Simulink model of the motion equation.

3 38 Amal Suilah et al.: Modelling of Synchronou Generation Sytem for Renewable Energy 5. Model Electromotive Force The three induced electromotive force are etimated from the following three equation [4]: π e = K e Ω co p Ω t (4) 3 4 π π e3 = K e Ω co p Ω t (6) 3 3 Where K e i the electromotive contant and Ω i the angular velocity of the generator. The Simulink model of the electromotive force i illutrated by the figure 4: π π e = K e Ω co p Ω t (5) 3 3 wm Ke*/3 Contant E Product 4 Ea co(4*upi/) Fcn Product Product 4 5 Ea E thetameuré co(4*u*pi/3pi/) Fcn3 Product 3 Product 6 6 Ea3 co(4*u4*pi/3pi/) Product 5 Fcn6 Figure 4. Simulink Model electromotive force. 3 E3 6. Model of GeneratorRectifier Unit The generator phae voltage are given by the following relationhip [4]: di v = R i ( L M) e dt (7) di v = R i ( L M) e dt (8)

4 International Journal of Electrical Component and Energy Converion 5; (): di v 3 = R i3 ( L M) e3 (9) dt Where R, L and M are repectively the phae reitance, phae inductance and phae mutual inductance. The three phae voltage are converted into a DC voltage through a PD3 rectifier. The rectified voltage i filtered by a capacitor. The output voltage of the rectifier attack directly the batterie for recharging: Simulink model of the generatorrectifier aembly i hown in Figure 5 [, ]. Current i Diode Diode Diode 3 Serie R Serie RLC RBranch 8 DC Vltage Source Serie R4 Diode 4 Diode Diode 5 i Current Meaurement i Current Meaurement i Current Meaurement R Controlled Voltage Source 3 ea Serie RLC Branch 3 Controlled Voltage Source 4 ea R Serie RLC Branch 4 Controlled Voltage Source 5 ea3 3 R3 Serie RLC Branch 5 Gain5 Itegrator /( *36 ) Gain6 Wrec To Workpace7 u[]*u[4]u[]*u[5]u[3]*u[6] Fcn Tem Figure 5. Simulink model of the generatorrectifier. 4 e/w 6 e/w 5 e3/w 7. Global Model of Energy Generation Chain The global model of the energy generation ytem i baed on the connection of the different Simulink model of the chain component make up thi chain according to Figure 6 [3]:

5 4 Amal Suilah et al.: Modelling of Synchronou Generation Sytem for Renewable Energy Wwind peed f(u) Fcn t Clock To Workpace ea ea Tm W E ea3 Tem thetameuré E e/w Tem wm E3 Ea e3/w Dynamic equation wm Ea Ea3 e/w Generator Converter model Back electromotive force calculator Tranfer Fcn Figure 6. Simulink model of global energy generation chain. 8. Decription of Simulation Reult Figure 7 how the electromotive force induced by the generator:.5 x 4 Induced electromotive force (V) Figure 7. Induced electromotive force.

6 International Journal of Electrical Component and Energy Converion 5; (): The amplitude of the electromotive force i relatively high, which i explained by the inert made of a gear amplifier with amplifying ratio r d = 8. Thi i to compenate the drop of phae voltage of the generator at battery charging phae. Figure 8 illutrate the phae voltage of the generator: 5 Generator phae voltage (V) Figure 8. Phae voltage generator. The amplitude of the phae voltage i reduced relative to the amplitude of the electromotive force ince the voltage drop acro the phae reitance i important. Figure 9 illutrate the phae current begun by the generator: 3 Generator phae current (A) Figure 9. Phae current of the generator. The amplitude of the generator phae current depend primarily on the internal reitance of the battery and of the rectified voltage. The battery charging voltage i hown in Figure :

7 4 Amal Suilah et al.: Modelling of Synchronou Generation Sytem for Renewable Energy x 6 Wind generated power Recovred power Battery load voltage (V) Power (Watt) Figure. Battery charging voltage. Thi voltage i maintained continuouly ince it i applied directly to a upercapacity. The amplitude of thi voltage allow for continuou charging of the batterie a the nominal battery voltage i V ignificantly below to thi voltage. The power generated by the wind and the power recovered by the batterie are illutrated in Figure : Figure. Wind Power and power recovered by the battery. Thi figure watch that the power tranferred to the batterie i lower than that developed by the wind, which i explained by the different loe of energy generation chain. The current charging the batterie i hown in Figure : 5 Courant de batterie (A) Temp () The energy recovered by the batterie i hown in Figure 3: Figure. Recharge current of batterie.

8 International Journal of Electrical Component and Energy Converion 5; (): Battery recovered energy (kw.h) Figure 3. The energy recovered by the batterie. Thi energy i approximately 34 kw.h, important value which validate the performance of the deigned generation chain. 9. Concluion In thi paper we have decribed a modeling approach of a renewable energy generation chain implanted under the Matlab Simulink imulation environment. Thi approach i conitent with optimization algorithm, for example, the recovered energy. Simulation reult are with good cientific level and validate the ynchronou generator deign approach dedicated to the generation of renewable energy. The ytem tudied can be ued in charging tation for electric car. Reference [] Souhir Touni, Deign and Optimization of Axial Flux Bruhle DC Generator Dedicated to Generation of Renewable Energy, American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Sytem. Special Iue:Deign and Monitoring of Renewable Energy Sytem (DMRES). Vol. 4, No. 3, 5, pp. 5. doi:.648/j.epe [] Wiem Nhidi, Souhir Touni, Mohamed Salim Bouhlel, Deign and Modeling of a Synchronou Renewable Energy Generation Sytem, American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Sytem. Special Iue:Deign and Monitoring of Renewable Energy Sytem (DMRES). Vol. 4, No. 3, 5, pp. 6. doi:.648/j.epe [3] Mariem Ben Amor, Souhir Touni, Mohamed Salim Bouhlel, Deign and Optimization of Axial Flux Bruhle DC Motor Dedicated to Electric Traction, American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Sytem. Special Iue:Deign, Optimization and Control of Electric Vehicle: (DOCEV). Vol. 4, No., 5, pp doi:.648/j.epe [4] Chaithonguk, S., NahidMobarakeh, B., Caron, J., Takorabet, N., & MeibodyTabar, F. : Optimal deign of permanent magnet motor to improve fieldweakening performance in variable peed drive. Indutrial Electronic, IEEE Tranaction on, vol 59 no 6, p ,. [5] Rahman, M. A., Oheiba, A. M., Kurihara, K., Jabbar, M. A., Ping, H. W., Wang, K., & Zubayer, H. M. : Advance on inglephae linetart high efficiency interior permanent magnet motor. Indutrial Electronic, IEEE Tranaction on, vol 59 no 3, p ,. [6] C.C Hwang, J.J. Chang : Deign and analyi of a high power denity and high efficiency permanent magnet DC motor, Journal of Magnetim and Magnetic Material, Volume 9, Number, February, pp. 3436(3)Publiher: Elevier. [7] MI. Chunting CHRIS : Analytical deign of permanentmagnet tractiondrive motor" Magnetic, IEEE Tranaction on Volume 4, Iue 7, July 6 Page(): Digital Object Dentifier.9/TMAG [8] S.TOUNSI, R.NÉJI, F.SELLAMI : Conception d'un actionneur à aimant permanent pour véhicule électrique, Revue Internationale de Génie Électrique volume 9/6 6 pp [9] Sid Ali. RANDI : Conception ytématique de chaîne de traction ynchrone pour véhicule électrique à large gamme de vitee. Thèe de Doctorat 3, Intitut National Polytechnique de Touloue, UMRCNRS N 588. [] C. PERTUZA : Contribution à la définition de moteur à aimant permanent pour un véhicule électrique routier. Thèe de docteur de l Intitut National Polytechnique de Touloue, Février 996. [] S. TOUNSI, R. NEJI and F. SELLAMI: Mathematical model of the electric vehicle autonomy. ICEM6 (6th International Conference on Electrical Machine), 5 September 6 ChaniaGreece, CD: PTM4. [] R. NEJI, S. TOUNSI, F. SELLAMI: Contribution to the definition of a permanent magnet motor with reduced production cot for the electrical vehicle propulion. Journal European Tranaction on Electrical Power (ETEP), Volume 6, iue 4, 6, pp