: Function of Components. Fronius Sattledt

Transcription

1 Fronius Sattledt

2 Content 1. Operation of modules module design IV-characteristics shading 2. Operation of systems system types batteries string connection inverter electric safety

3 Reminder of general function: top-view Irradiance Conversion Yield

4 200 El [W/m 2 nm] SR (a.u.) Reminder of general function: intrinsic view Real sun spectrum out-door Spectral response l [nm] l [nm] I SC, U OC, FF, P mpp, Y a

5 1. Operation of Modules Solar World

6 1. Design of the module

7 1-Diode-Model:

8 4-quadrant-IV curve I I U Schenke,Hochschule Emden

9 IV-curve: connectivity U 0 Serial connection of cells /modules U 0 U 0 Parallel connection I 0 of cells or modules U 0 I 0 U 0 U 0

10 Hierarchic design aspect cells modules generator / facility

11 Hierarchic design aspect : symbols

12 IV-curve: Influence of the irradiance

13 IV-curve: Influence of the temperature P mpp = U mpp * I mpp

14 Module: Picture of relevant influences I SC = f(g) U OC = f(t)

15 Module: relevant influences: example SolarWatt

16 Module: Shading of a cell

17 Module: Shading losses TF-PV -80% power -25% power

18 2. Operation of COMPONENTS

19 Schematics of systems Grid connected PV facility connection box inverter AC-cabling DC-cabling DC-switch gear Electricity counters PV-facility Battery charge controller consumer Island system

20 ISLAND SYSTEMS: charge controller: Regulates charging current Regulates working point Avoids low voltage of battery Avoids overloading of battery Avoids overheating of battery Supplies consumers Loggs data

21 Battery: capacity Types: Lead-Gel-Battery Li-Ionen (>3000 cycles) C 100 = 100 Ah C I n n x t n C 10 = 80 Ah

22 Dezentralized production: Example MPPF Façade, Stallhofen Styria 4x 1m 2 1/10:

23 P [W] Leistung [W] Leistung [W] Charge controller: best practice UB [V] kwh/d Wolken :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 Uhrzeit Batteriespannung Solarleistung Lampenfeld 2 Personen sparsam Lastprofil % decentralized consumption in office Beleuchtung IT Telefon / Rauchmelder Küchengeräte Kopierer / Beamer Summe UB [V] kwh/d Sonne / Wolken 3 Personen Batteriespannung Solarleistung Lampenfeld Lastprofil :00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 Uhrzeit :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 Uhrzeit

24 Charge controller: best practice Measurement system design System performance

25 Generator connection box Back current blocking diode Switch gears fuses Over-voltage conductor Connection clamps

26 System: inverter How-2: 1 DC-intermediate circuit (stabilizer) 1 DC/DC converter 1 frequency generator 1 inverting rectifier 1 maximum power point tracker

27 Inverter: operation principle

28 Inverter: MPP tracker Change of IV-curve: Power-curve: Matehmatical description: 1.deriv.

29 power (pu) Inverter: MPP tracker Operating Point MPP tracking to the left tracking to the right 80 Power decreases->direction 60 change 40 voltage (pu) 20 time (s)

30 P MPP (p.u.); P DC,nom = W Inverter: efficiency Tot (%) V W Euro-efficiency U MPP (V) Tot (%) EURO 0,03x DUT: AROS, SIRIO 10000P SN: LN12MQT FwVer: - ge DoM: 07-Dec :28 5% 0,06x 10% 0,13x 20% 0,1 x 30% 0,48x 50% 0, 2 x 100%

31 Inverter: efficiency 2017 Kaco, blueplanet 5.0 TL TL3

32 Electric meter Analogue One way No control Data safety digital two way Controllable by grid operator Limited data safety

33 Generator concepts Module inverter: Serial and parallel connection in one system Bypass diodes in String

34 PV-facility and shading Current of one string back into 3 parallel strings (Kirchhoff s law)

35 PV-facility and shading Current from 3 parallel back into one string (Kirchhoff s law) Critical for bypass diods

36 Generator concepts: Matrix interconnection Häberlin

37 System: protection of lightning flash-sphere Lightning protection

38 System: protection of lightning Over-voltage conductor Avoid electric induction:

39 PV-Systems: Summary PV-Systems are constructed by a number of electrical components The functioning is affected by the environment The operation time for systems can reach up to more than 20 years Safety of persons and electrical safety must be guaranteed Low energy output (yield) often is the results of malfunction or bad planning

40 PV-Systems: Lets make them good looking and safe!

41 Thank you for your attention!