DESIGN AND COMPARISON OF SOLAR SCOOTER WITH OTHER GASOLINE AND ELECTRICAL TWO WHEELER VEHICLES.

Transcription

1 DESIGN AND COMPARISON OF SOLAR SCOOTER WITH OTHER GASOLINE AND ELECTRICAL TWO WHEELER VEHICLES. Abhishek Jaiswal 1 #1, Vishal Deep Verma 2 #2,Praveen Kumar Dwivedi 3 #3,Vikas Sharma 4 #4,Sachin Kumar 5 #5,Navneet Kumar 6 #6,Chandresh Kumar Joshi 7 #7 #1 UG Student, PSIT-COE, Kanpur, , jaiswal.abhishek 171@ gmail.com #2 UG Student, PSIT-COE, Kanpur, ,vishalverma1 4383@ gmail.com #3 UG Student, PSIT-COE, Kanpur, ,dwivedi.praveen1410@ gmail.com #4 UG Student, PSIT-COE, Kanpur, , vikasrajsh arma20@ gmail.com #5 UG Student, PSIT-COE, Kanpur, , sachinr aaz21@gmail.com #6 UG Student, PSIT-COE, Kanpur, , nav0147.nk@gmail.com #7 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSIT Kanpur (U.P.), , chand reshp on gmail.com ABSTRACT: The aim of this project is to design a scooter using renewable solar energy as a source of power, and compare it with different types of gasoline and electrical two wheeler vehicles at different dimensions as weight, power, cost etc. Solar scooters are plug-in solar panel electric vehicles with two wheels that can be recharged from an solar energy based external source of electricity, and the electricity is stored in a rechargeable battery, which provides power to one or more electric motors to attain movement. Key Words: Solar Panel, Wiper Motor, Photo electric effect. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Abhishek Jaiswal, Vishal Deep Verma, Praveen Kumar Dwivedi, Vikas Sharma, Sachin Kumar, Navneet Kumar 2015 RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 149

2 INTRODUCTION: Solar energy is radiant heat and light from the Sun. Solar energy can be used by man in a planned direct or indirect way such as solar heating, photo voltaic cell, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. Using solar energy in the direct way we can apply two fundamental methods of energy conversion: Photo thermal conversion of energy of solar radiation: This system is defined as installation of active solar heating systems in which solar energy is converted into heat energy, in special technological devices as solar collectors that can operate to drive circulating pumps or vans. Solar collectors are used to absorb and collects solar radiation and transfer it into circulating fluid. Heat is transferred by means of this fluid to the storage medium in a storage tank, and then is used in controlled way according to heat demand. Photo electric conversion of energy of solar radiation: For the generation of electric power from solar energy directly by conversion of sunlight to electricity by the photovoltaic process. The photovoltaic Process or photovoltaic effect is the creation of voltage or electric current in a material upon exposure to solar light; the solar cells are made of thin layers of material, usually silicon. The layers, after treatment with special compounds, have either too many or too few electrons and is a physical and chemical phenomenon.. When light strikes a sandwich of the different layers, electrons start flowing and electric current results. Fig 1: Mechanism showing the Photovoltaic effect (source: pveducation) 2015 RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 150

3 This paper focuses on the latest developments and advances in trying to design a scooter which is purely runs by the utilization of solar radiations through using photo voltaic cells in the form of solar panel. A solar panel is a flat rectangular shaped device, made up of many individual photovoltaic energy collectors called solar cells covered with a sheet of glass on its surface. Solar panels are devices that convert light into electricity. They are called "solar" panels because most of the time, the most powerful source of light available is the Sun, called Sol by astronomers. Some scientists call them photo voltaic which means, basically, "light-electricity." Fig 2: Solar Arrangement to produce electricity (source: NASA website) LITERATURE REVIEW: This project deals with features involved in a solar energy vehicles, which plays a vital role for the upcoming energy crisis [V V Prathibha Bharathi et al., 2015]. Solar energy is a prodigious renewable energy source which has enormous energy existing as heat and light and can convert it into electricity [Khizir Mahmud., 2014]. Solar energy can be used by man in a planned direct way. There are two fundamental methods of solar energy conversion: photo thermal and photoelectric [D. CHWIEDUK,. 2004].The approach of selecting the appropriate components for this application is studied and each of them are simulated and subjected to various tests in real time environment. The integrated system consisting of the solar module, charge controllers, batteries, boost converter and wiper motor, henceforth developed into the Solar Powered Electric Vehicle [Immanuel Alphonse et al., 2014]. The model describes the effects of solar panels area and position, vehicle dimensions and propulsion system components on vehicle performance, weight, fuel savings and costs. As energy source solar panel is used and developed voltage is stored in battery and used for the drive the wiper motor which is used as rare wheel of the vehicle [Prof.P.L.Chavan et al,. 2015] RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 151

4 DESIGN CONSIDERATION: It is a specified scooter whose sole purpose is to run the vehicle with solar energy. The vehicle is deigned on the Autodesk CADD 2015.Following are the specifications of Design of Parts of Solar Scooter Designed on Autodesk CADD ALLOY WHEEL Material used- Magnesium Alloy. We are using alloy wheels to make the vehicle lighter so that it can run more smoothly. a) Front Wheel Inner Diameter-230mm Outer Diameter-360mm b) Rear Wheel Inner Diameter-160mm Outer Diameter-200mm Fig: 3 Components of Solar Scooter 2015 RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 152

5 Fig: 4 Dimension of solar scooter based on AUTOCADD FORK The Fork is made up of Stainless Steel. The Fork is about 400 mm in Dimension. The Fork will carry Front wheel, brake assembly, and Acceleration mechanism. 3-DECK ASSEMBLY The Deck Assembly will consist of the following parts 1. Solar Panel 2. Li-ion Battery 3. Wiper Motor 4. Dynamo 2015 RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 153

6 COMPONENTS OF SOLAR SCOOTER: Following are the main components of solar scooter 1- SOLAR PANEL The function of solar panel is to convert photon energy of the sun into electrical energy. It is mounted on the deck of the scooter so that it receives maximum amount of solar energy. In this PV module 27 cells are used and for protection thick glass is used to cover module. Fig 5: Photovoltaic Effect Table 1: Specifications of Solar Panel Cost of Panel 3000 Weight of Panel 6kg Maximum Power Open circuit voltage 60W 21V Short circuit current 4.20A 2- LITHIUM ION BATTERIES The Li-ion battery has good power density. It has high efficiency. The electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes are the constituent components of a lithium-ion battery cell. These batteries are one of the famous rechargeable portable batteries. The cost of the battery is low and reliable as well as reduces maintenance requirement RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 154

7 Table 2: Specifications of Battery Rated Current Operating Voltage 3.2Ah 12V Cost of Battery 1900 Weight of Battery 1.5 kg 3-WIPER MOTOR A wiper motor is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice and debris from a windscreen or windshield. Almost all the motor vehicles including cars, trucks, train locomotives with a cabin and some aircraft are equipped with such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement. The electric wiper motor is a permanent magnet, rotary electric motor. A worm gear machined on the armature shaft drives the output shaft and the gear through an idler gear and shaft. The output shaft operates the output arm, which is connected to the wiper linkage. As the electric motor revolves the output arm, the linkage is forced to move in a back and forth motion. The speed of the electric motor is controlled by resistors, located on or in the control switch, and connected to the wiper motor electrical windings. The control switch directs the current through certain circuits of the wiper motor, as the driver desires. Table 3: Specifications of Wiper Motor Operating Voltage 12V Operating Current 4 A Motor Speed 1200 RPM Motor Cost DYNAMO A Dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. The electric dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through Faraday s law of Induction. A dynamo machine consist of a stationary structure, called the stator, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings called the armature which turn within that field. The motion of the wire within the magnetic field causes the field to push on the electrons in the metal, creating an electric current in the wire. On the small machines the 2015 RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 155

8 constant magnetic field may be provided by one or more permanent magnets, larger machines have the constant magnetic fields provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called field coils. Fig 6: Dynamo Table 4: Specifications of Dynamo Operating voltage 6V * Operating current 0.369A * Operating Power 1.89W* (* when speed of the vehicle is 15km/hr) PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: The following are the data that we have got after visiting different automobile workshop and dealers. The given data are marked as per given standard values in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The given below graphs relate with the cost of various fuels for a unit amount, Production Cost, Weight and Maximum Load. (a) The below graph shows the cost of various fuels for a unit amount. It compares the prices of various fuels. The given fuel prices were noted on 11-oct-2015 in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. In this graph the cost of solar energy is given as zero cost because we get solar energy for free and in abundance RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 156

9 80 cost of various fuels for a unit amount cost of various fuel for unit amount petrol lpg diesel cng solar Fig 7: Type of fuel vs. cost of fuel (b) The below graph shows the PRODUCTION COST of various vehicles. In this five vehicles are electric vehicles of different companies and one is solar vehicle. The production cost for solar vehicle is the minimum. 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Hero Electric BSA Motors Production cost TVS BPG EKO Solar Vehicles Scooter Production cost Fig 8: Type of vehicle vs. Production Cost 2015 RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 157

10 (c) The below graph compares the various vehicles on the basis of the total weight of the vehicle. This graph shows the total weight of various company vehicles in kg. In this the weight of the TVS Qube electric bike is maximum and that of the solar vehicle is minimum Maximum load(kg) Maximum load(kg) Fig 9: Type of Vehicle vs. Maximum load of Vehicle (d) This graph compares the various vehicles on the basis of the total weight of the vehicle. This graph shows the total weight of various company vehicles in kg. In this the graph shows that the weight of the TVS Qube electric bike is maximum and that of the solar vehicle is minimum. Weight(kg) Weight(kg) Fig 10: Type of Vehicle vs. Weight of the Vehicle 2015 RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 158

11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Specification sheets are readily available from manufacturers and distributors for the thousands of PV modules on the market today. Specification sheets serve as promotion material for the manufacturers, but also contain a large amount of technical information necessary for PV system design and for choosing which module serves an application best. 1-Solar Panel Specification Voltage (V) =21V Power (P) =V*I P=21*0.88=18.48W Current (I) =0.88A 2-Wiper Motor Specification Voltage (V) =12V Current (I) =0.5A Power (P) =V*I P=12*0.5=6W RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In this project, it is tried to compared on mainly four factors viz. cost, fuel, production cost, weight. On the basis of which graphs are generated in comparison with different types of two wheeler vehicles. Following are the results has been calculated as follows 1. Production Cost-The Production Cost of Solar Scooter is less as compared to other two wheeler vehicles cost. The Production cost of solar scooter is half of the other Electric Two wheeler vehicles. 2. Fuel Cost-The fuel cost of solar scooter is negligible. The only fuel which it consumes is solar energy. 3. Weight of the Vehicle-The Weight of the Solar Scooter is one-fourth as compared to the weight of the other two wheeler vehicle. 4. Maximum Load-The solar scooter can withstand approximately same load as design for a single person in comparison with other two wheeler vehicle RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 159

12 CONCLUSION In this project, it is tried to check upon the various types of automobile two wheeler vehicles and compared it with solar scooter. The factor and parameter considered for comparing the vehicles are Production Cost, Fuel Cost, Weight of the Vehicle and Maximum Load bearing capacity and it has been find out that this vehicle is inexpensive, efficient as compared to other two wheeler vehicles. LIST OF FIGURES: 1. Mechanism showing the Photovoltaic effect (source: pveducation) 2. Solar Arrangement to produce electricity 3. Components of Solar Scooter 4. The dimension of solar scooter based on AUTOCADD Photovoltaic Effect 6. Dynamo 7. Type of fuel vs. cost of fuel 8. Type of vehicle vs. Production Cost 9. Type of Vehicle vs. Maximum load of Vehicle 10. Type of Vehicle vs. Weight of the Vehicle LIST OF TABLES: 1. Specifications of Solar Panel 2. Specifications of Battery 3. Specifications of Motor 4. Specifications of Dynamo REFERENCES: 1. V. V. Prathibha Bharathi, V. Pandurangadu and V. V. Naga. Deepthi, CAR RUNS BY SOLAR ENERGY International Journal of mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2015,PP 571 to S.G. Bali, P. Dhote, A. Kushwaha, C. Nandanwar, S.G. Ughade, Fabrication of Solar Powered Tricycle for Handicapped Person, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology Volume 1 Issue 10 March 2015, PP RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 160

13 3. P.L.Chavan, M. A. Gavandi, J. K. Varute, V. N. Patil, P. D. Patil, S. H. Kamble, Design and Development of Solar Two Wheeler, International Journal of Innovations In Engineering Research And Technology, Volume 2, ISSUE 4, APR ,PP Snehal S. Warekar, B. T. Salokhe, Solar powered robotic vehicle International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2015, PP A. Chaturvedi, K. Kushwaha, P.Kashyap, J. P. Navani, Solar Powered Vehicle, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: ( ), Month: April - June 2015, PP K. Mahmud, S. Morsalin, and Md. I. Khan, Design and Fabrication of an Automated Solar Boat, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol.64 (2014), 11pp Pallavi Sharma, Parul Velma, Anuj Pal, Electrical Designing of Solar Car, International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System, Volume 3, Issue 3 May 2014,PP Pooja. Iyer. M, G. Ravi. Teja, V. Sitaram. Prasad, Design and Fabrication of Solar Electric Scooter, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science, Volume 2 Issue 5 ǁ May ǁ PP D. K. 1Nibe, D.D. Ahire, Optimal Battery Charging in a Solar Powered Army Fighter Vehicle Using Smart Host Microcontroller International Journal of Electronics & Communication, Volume 2, Issue 8, August 2014, PP Ranjeet Singh, Manoj Kumar Gaur, Chandra Shekhar Malvi, A Study and Design Based Simulation of Hybrid Solar Car, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013,PP Mehdi. Hajian, Various Aspects of Solar Energy Utilization: Review, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol.58, (2013), pp Immanuel Alphonse, Dr. S. HosiminThilagar, F. Bright Singh, Design of Solar Powered BLDC Motor Driven Electric Vehicle, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, No.3, A.M. Gurram, P.S.V. Ramana Rao, R. Dontikurti, Solar Powered Wheel Chair: Mobility For Physically Challenged, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.2, No.1 (March 2012), PP RS Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 161

14 14. Ajit B. Bachche, N. S. Hanamapure, Design and Development of Solar Assisted Bicycle, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2012, PP Y. S. Wamborikar, A. Sinha, Solar Powered Vehicle, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Vol II WCECS 2010, October 20-22, 2010, San Francisco, USA 16. D. Chwieduk, Solar energy utilization, Opto-Electronics Review 12 (vol.1), (2004) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In performing our project, we had to take the help and guideline of some respected persons, who deserve our greatest gratitude. We would like to expand our deepest gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided us in writing this project. In addition, thanks to Honourable Director Dr.Sanjeev Kumar Bhalla, Head of Department Mechanical Engg. Assistant Prof. Aditya Kumar Sachan, Teacher Guide Assitant Prof. Chandresh Kumar Joshi, Technical Guide Mr.Ashok Prajapati and all the faculty members of Mechanical Engg. Department, who all gave us help and support to do this project, who introduced us to the methodology of work, and whose passion for the underlying structures had lasting effect. Many people, especially our classmates and team members itself, have made valuable comment suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our assignment. We thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete our assignment RS Publication, Page 162