Extraction of Electrical Energy from Wind using Turbo-Ventilator

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1 Extraction of Electrical Energy from Wind using Turbo-Ventilator Prdahapraj M 1, Associate Professor 1, Aeronautical Engineering Department, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India Loganathan A R 2, Mohamed Raseedhukhan M 3, Antony Melvin G 4, Student 2,3,4, Aeronautical Engineering Department, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India Abstract: Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity plays a vital role in day to day life. Without electricity it is difficult to lead our life comfortably. There are a plenty of ways by which electrical energy can be produced which includes the usage of both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Among various alternatives it is found that wind is best source for producing high amount of electrical energy. This research introduces the device Turbo-Ventilator for the production of electricity by means of its free air driven capability. As it rotates with a maximum of 100 rpm, it has to be converted to the required rpm that can be done by including Gear box. After considering the losses it has taken minimum rpm as 60 to be converted to above 2000 rpm capable of running an alternator. The shaft of the turbo-ventilator and the shaft of the alternator connected using the gear assembly. The turboventilator rotates at 60 rpm the alternator can rotates about 2000 rpm due to which an excitation is created inside the alternator. This excitation produces electrical energy capable of charging 12 V, 45 A battery. Thus it produces the power of about 400 W approximately with considerable cost. Key words Turbo-ventilator, gear box, alternator, fly wheel, rpm, power output. I INTRODUCTION In viewing the energy crisis and the fast degradation of the natural environment, scientists have become increasingly interested in the renewable energy. Kinetics in nature, for example winds, water, ocean waves, can play a significant role in tomorrow s electricity production, but the constructions require adaptations to their media. However, there are some problems in the development of the clean energy power generator, such as high cost of construction, difficult maintenance, the power distribution and need to install in specific place etc. Therefore many countries now gradually begin to develop a small power station to improve such flaws [1]. Energy resources in our modern fast paced world are fast depleting, hence it is indispensible that one find new ways of generating energy which is both self-sustaining as well as easily manageable. Wind energy has long been used to generate electricity through wind turbines, and has proved to be one of the most reliable renewable sources of energy in many countries of the world. However since there are very few regions in the world that experience windy conditions throughout a year, this method becomes restricted to only a few chosen regions [2]. To meet the demand the various renewable and nonrenewable energy sources are used to generate electricity and meet the demand. Other hand by using conventional energy sources the pollution is increasing and this effect the global warming [3]. The conventional energy sources are destroyable energy sources. All countries have become interested in the renewable energy sources. The solar, wind, water, ocean waves can play important role in production of electricity. But some problems arise in the development of energy power generation like, high construction cost, difficulties in maintenance, space for plant installation and power distribution. Therefore in India begin to develop a micro power station to improve such problems [4]. The India is in the tropical zone. There is high humidity and warm weather present in all of year. Specially March, April, May. The day time temperature may be increasing to 42ºC or the average temperature in India is (32º - 40º) in most of the interior [4] so this increasing temperature is affect s on the worker to work in various and this effect s on the work efficiency of worker and also on productivity of company. Because of high intensity of sunlight and high room temperature the ventilation is necessary in ISSN: Page 6

2 workshops, industries or factory building. Therefore the roof top turbo-ventilators are used for ventilation purpose because these ventilators work on without using electric energy. A. Types of Turbo-Ventilator There are two basic types of turbo-ventilator, Roof ventilator with motor driven Roof ventilator with natural air driven In this research second type is preferred. Turbo-ventilator consists of stationary part and rotational part. The stationary part is composed of base and fixed shaft and rotational part is composed of fan blades and bush put on the fixed shaft on stationary part [5]. B. Principle of Turbo-Ventilator The main function of this ventilator is to suck the hot air from building and through outside the building and maintain the building temperature. Another function of this ventilator is to convert wind s kinetic energy to electrical energy. Also there are two rotating principles of the ventilator. The first principle is hydromechanics that can air flow high temperature are to low temperature area to motivate blades to rotate. In that time when the turbine rotates the high temperature air will be discharged from the room so the air density in the room can be reduced, then the outdoor cold air enters in the room to achieve the goal. The second principle is the air convector it relies on the breeze air to rotate its blades. C. Literature Survey Ming Chun Hsieh [6] presented a small power generation system motivated by a coreless stator AFPM (Axial Flux Permanent Magnet) generator which is driven by the rooftop ventilator. The generator consists of discs for the rotor and the stator geometry. The stator disc is sandwiched between two rotor discs and the magnets in the two opposite rotor discs may be placed N-S arrangements. Since there is not silicon steel inside the coils, it is eliminated the magnetic pulling force between the rotors and stators. When the ventilator rotates, the flux of the permanent magnet rotors part move across the air gap and induces the emf in the coreless coils. After that, the ac voltage is rectified to dc voltage and finally charged to the 12 V 5 A battery for household appliances. Another scientist has developed a prototype of a magnetic levitation rooftop turbine ventilator (RTV) through redesigning a standard rooftop ventilator that is typically mounted upon rooftops of factories, constructed to wind micro generation system. By re-arranging position of the rotor and the stator integrating the magnetic levitation system to assisting support weight of turbine body, which can result in a very low starting torque so as to minimize the self starting speed (m/s). Thus it could easily turn and be able to rotate in low-speed wind ambient [7]. Thus the objectives of the present study are To design a model for the production of electricity thus reducing its expensiveness To convert the minimum rpm of the turboventilator to maximum capable of running an alternator By providing gear box and other assemblies to support the gear box the electricity has to be produced. II MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY The research setup can be described with the following components Gear Box Power Shaft Top Plate Square Pipe Blade Profile Alternator Battery Gears are the components used for the transmission of power from one part to another. On the other hand, gears are used to increase or reduce the speed of a device. In order to convert minimum rpm of turbo-ventilator to maximum of 2400 rpm, triple stage gear reduction has been fabricated and shown in Fig. 1. Let us consider the minimum rpm of turbo-ventilator as 60. From the design data book, it is evident that for the triple stage gear reduction, overall gear ratio 40 is efficient. It is then split for three stages as, 40 = 5 x 4 x 2 In first stage, the gear ratio is 5 which convert the minimum rpm 60 into 300 rpm. In second stage, the gear ratio is 4 which convert the 300 rpm into 1200 rpm. In third stage, it is converted to 2400 as the gear ratio is 2. The dimensions of the gears are tabulated in Table 1. Table 1 Dimension of the Gears Stage Gear Type Diameter Teeth ISSN: Page 7

3 Driver Driven Driver Driven Driver Driven The selection of gear materials depend on the following factors, 1. Cost 2. High strength 3. Wear resistance 4. If noise reduction is the important consideration non-metallic materials can be used From the above considerations Cast Iron has been selected for the gears having 150 and 100 teeth as it has the advantage of low tensile strength. At the same time, it may be implemented for the commercial electricity production purpose noise reduction is important. Hence the nylon gears are used for other gears Fig. 2 Power Shaft Fig. 1 Gear Arrangement The top plate is made up of mild sheet of thickness 0.5 mm. The blades are of approximately airfoil shape and made up of Galvanized Iron (G.I) sheen of thickness mm. These blades are fitted to the square pipes of 18 mm thickness. The numbers of square pipes needed are 30, at the top 15 and at the bottom 15. L angles are used to fit the whole arrangement with the land. Power shaft is the component used as a intermediate between the gear box and the turbo-ventilator. It is the main shaft which connected by turbo-ventilator at one end and the gear set up at the other end. To hold the gears different bearings are used according to the purpose. The power shaft is shown in Fig. 2. It is made up of EN 8 (European series) material for weight reduction. ISSN: Page 8

4 International Conference on Emerging Engineering Trends and Science (ICEETS 2016) Ø47.0 Ø Ø20.0 Ø 13.5 Ø Fig. 5 Overall Arrangement Fig. 3 Top Plate (Fly Wheel) III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The rpm vs. Voltage curve has been shown in Fig. 6 for reference. It has been told from this plot that when the rpm increases the voltage increases. From this it is evident that the converted 2400 rpm is capable of charging 12 V DC battery. Ø20.0 Ø47.0 Ø50.0 Ø 13.5 Ø Fig. 4 Square Pipe connected with Plate The components of the setup have shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 4. The overall set up shown in Fig. 5. Alternator is a device used for producing electricity. Car alternator with a capacity of charging 12 V 45 A DC battery is used here. Alternator rotates with the help of the turbo-ventilator, thus produces induced magnetic field in it. This magnetic field in turn produces the electric power. This power is stored using a battery. Fig. 6 RPM vs. Voltage Plot As it is an ongoing research project, the research couldn t be guessed. It is known that at low rpm the alternator can t be run. Hence it is needed to rotate the alternator at the required speed. For this purpose the triple stage gear reduction of overall ratio 40 has been taken. Thus it converts the minimum rpm 60 to 2400 rpm. It is capable of charging a 12V 45A DC battery. Thus it produces around 500 W. ISSN: Page 9

5 IV CONCLUSION By implementing this research, nearly 12V 45 A battery can be charged continuously. This can be used by undergraduate engineering students to study and gain the awareness regarding the basic level of renewable energy system. This is also beneficial for the research scholars to develop large power production plants. The execution of this system to the industries can be utilized to operate the low power consuming appliances such as lighting system and fan, so that electrical charges get reduced and also help to circulate the fresh air inside the machine shop. With the usage of single or double arrangements, all the household appliances for the domestic purpose can be well managed. This research serves as a production of electrical power as well as fresh air circulation. Acknowledgement We are grateful to the Institute of Engineers (India) for providing the necessary facilities and financial support to do this research work, Name of the Principal Investigator Dr. M. Pradhapraj. References 1. Y. Ting., H. Gunawan., A. Sugondo., K.L. Hsu and J.T. Teng., Analysis and Design of Roof Turbine Ventilator for Wind Energy Harvest, Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE), Kyoto Japan, 1-3 August 2010, pp Shivank Joshi., AatmicMathur., Arpit Jain., Generation of Electricity using Wind energy produced due to the Motion of Trains, Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, ISSN , Vol. 2, No. 7, J.A. Baroudi., V.D. Dinavahi and A.M. Knight., A review of power converter topologies for wind generators, Renewable Energy 32, Science Direct, pp , January Z. Chen and E. Spooner., Wind turbine power converters: A comparative study, Proceedings of IEE Seventh International Conference on Power Electronic and Variable Speed Drives, pp , September Y. Higuchi., N. Yamamura. M. Ishida and T. Hori., An improvement of performance of small-scaled wind power generating with permanent magnetic type synchronous generator, Proceedings of IEEE IECON 00, Vol. 2, pp , October C.H. Ming., K.J. David and M.C. Huann., The development of new type roof top ventilator turbine, Engineering, 2013, 5, pp K. Ponnson and H. Naebboon., A magnetic levitation rooftop turbine ventilator: A case study for wind micro-generation, International journal of Innovative research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 4, April ISSN: Page 10