Longevity of Power Electronic Solutions in the Macro Grid historical perspective of AC (FACTS) and DC (HVDC) installations

Transcription

1 Longevity of Power Electronic Solutions in the Macro Grid historical perspective of AC (FACTS) and DC (HVDC) installations Reginald Mendis and Neil Kirby ALSTOM Grid, Philadelphia, PA Univeristy of Pittsburgh - Electric Power Industry Conference - November 11, 2013

2 AGENDA Historical Perspective of Power Electronics Longevity AC Solutions (FACTS) Macro Grid Needs Life Extensions DC Soultions (HVDC) Macro Grid Needs Life Extensions

3 Summary Power Electronics Solutions used since the 1970s Refurbishments of year systems Original need still relevant to today s expanding grid Existing equipment life is extended Power quality of the grid is enhanced Newer solutions have more smarts System Operators have become dependent on these solutions Life extension via refurbishment /upgrade is a growing business Validates original concepts/solutions as integral part of macro grid

4 Historical Drivers for FACTS Solutions Transmission Grid - Voltage/Stability/Pwr Transfer - Wind Integration - CO2 Issues/RMR Retirements - Smart Grids, PMUs - Energy Storage 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Steel Mills Electric Trains

5 Today s Macro Grid The Energy Landscape

6 Macro Grid Application of FACTS & HVDC Solutions

7 Basic Theory of Power Transfer (U 1 U 2 ) P = sin(δ X 1 - δ 2 ) U 1 /δ 1 U 2 /δ 2 X Power Flow

8 Global FACTS Market Segments 1,000 M Shunt compensation = 80% STATCOM 8% Renewables STATCOM 40% SVCs 60% SVCs 92% Utilities Electro intensive industries Series Compensation = 20% TCSC <5% FSC 95%

9 FACTS Global - SVCs installed - 40 yr history of use Appr 1400 SVCs installed world-wide during a 40 yr period ( ) Global SVC History - 40 Years ~1400 SVCs

10 FACTS Life History Curve

11 Utility SVC Single Line - Example HV 115kV to 765kV MV 15kV to 28kV TCR TSC AC Harmonic Filter Main components Thyristor Valves Capacitors Reactors Power Transformer Control

12 A FACTS System is an Electrical Substation with a Building that contains advanced power electronics & controls equipment

13 A FACTS System is an Electrical Substation with a Building that contains advanced power electronics & controls equipment

14 Annunciator Transformer Cabinet Protection Cabinet TCR & TSC Harmonic Protection Cabinet A TCR & TSC Harmonic Protection Cabinet A TCR & TSC Harmonic Protection Cabinet B TCR & TSC Harmonic Marshalling Protection Cabinet Cabinet B RTU Cabinet SVC Building (1TCR + 2 TSCs) SVC Controls Cabinet

15 SVC Equipment Cooling Plants Thyristor Valves Buildings Controls

16 Design Life of SVC Equipment SVC Equipment Yrs Controls Thyristor Valves Cooling Systems Aux Systems Protection Other Yrs SVC Buildings 50 Civil Works 50 Busbars 50 Substation Equipment Yrs Circuit Breakers PTs / CTs Capacitors Reactors Surge Arresters Disconnect Swiches Transformers 40-50

17 Evolution of HVDC kv LCC kv VSC s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 18 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

18 Refurbishment of HVDC Projects HVDC transmission systems have been in operation for over 50 years Design life typically 30 years Many Installations Already Partially Refurbished or Replaced Others are in the planning stages for some method of life extension HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 19 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

19 HVDC Continues to Grow DC 1 Station AC AC Asynchronous Interconnections High Utilitization Reliability Base Load Market Variable Merchant Have become an indispensable part of many power networks around the world AC AC Station 1 Station 1 DC DC Station 2 Station 2 Submarine Cables AC AC Future development of DC Grids HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 20 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

20 McNeill Back-to-Back Canada, linking Saskatchewan and Alberta most northerly link between the WECC and East Control System Replacement only Originally installed in MW Back to Back HVDC system Extremely Weak AC systems on both sides Operates Unmanned No redundancy in original control system Refurbishment Drivers System Performance was good Control System Obsolescence some specific components no longer available Contract Award in 2011 Completion 2013 Scope Control System + HMI Edmonton CANADA McNeill +/-150MW USA HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 21 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

21 McNeill HVDC Canada, linking Saskatchewan and Alberta most northerly link between the WECC and East Pole 1 Original Construction 30 year Design Life Pole 1 Control Replacement HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 22 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

22 UK-France Cable (IFA2000) Linking UK and France Highest Rating Submarine Cable Link Originally installed in MW HVDC cable link between UK and France Air-cooled Thyristor valves World s Highest rating submarine cable link 2 independent 2 x 500 MW / 270 kvdc Bipoles 8 HVDC cables and 4 converters at each terminal Different Suppliers and different owners UK - National Grid France - RTE Refurbishment Drivers Separate and inefficient O&M, Spares, Training, etc. Performance at each station different Increasing failure rates on the air cooled thyristor valves, primarily at Les Mandarins Availability of spare components for obsolete analogue electronic control systems at both ends Link is critical to both power networks essential power support energy trading to both countries Scope : Thyristor Valves, Cooling Plant, Control System Re-use existing buildings and other power eqpt One Bipole (4 converters at 2 terminals) replaced 2011 Second Bipole followed a year later (2012) HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 23 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

23 UK-France Cable (IFA2000) Linking UK and France Highest Rating Submarine Cable Link Sellindge CS, England Supplied by GEC (UK) Les Mandarins CS, France Supplied by CGEE ALSTOM (France) HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 24 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

24 UK-France Cable (IFA2000) Linking UK and France Highest Rating Submarine Cable Link year Design Life Bipoles 1 and 2 Original Construction Bipole 1 Valves and Cooling Replacement Bipole 2 Valves and Cooling Replacement HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 25 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

25 Nelson River Bipole 1 Originally supplied in 1972 Mercury Arc converters Rating 1,620 MW, 450 kv 3 series 6-pulse bridges per pole 890 km HVDC overhead lines Achieved relatively high availability Issues with Mercury Arc Valves in Bipole 1 labor-intensive maintenance HS&E concerns use of mercury arc technology in decline Refurbishment Issues and Strategy: Investment necessary to achieve high availability, and long life major component of the infrastructure in utility network major source of revenue in the economy of the province High-level Pole Control retained New Valve Control and Valve Base Electronics Replacement of mercury arc valves started in the early 1990s Converter Equipment in 3 Valve Groups of Pole 1 Replaced One VG at a time, both ends concurrently Entire Valve Halls cleared and new construction from ground up New Cooling Plant Outage duration for each VG about 6 weeks HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 26 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. Interconnection between hydro generation in northern Manitoba and Winnipeg MANITOBA Lake Winnipeg Hudson Bay Limestone 1330 MW Longspruce 980 MW Kettle 1272 MW Winnipeg ONTARIO

26 Nelson River HVDC Project Interconnection between hydro generation in northern Manitoba and Winnipeg Continuously Evolving and Expanding Bipole 1 Original Construction 30 year Design Life Pole 1 Valve Replacements Pole 2 Valve Replacements Transformer Replacements Pole 1 Control Replacements? Pole 2 Control Replacements? Bipole 2 Original Construction Transformer Replacements Valve and Controls Replacements? Bipole 3 Planned Construction HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 27 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

27 Konti-Skan Pole 1 Replacement HVDC Cable / Line Interconnection between Sweden and Denmark Pole 1 Originally supplied in Mercury Arc Valves 250 MW, 250 kv, 1000 A Pole 2 added in Thyristor Valves 300 MW, 285 kv, 1050 A DC circuit 115km in 3 sections of Line, + 2 sections of Submarine Cable Sections of cable have been replaced/repaired/upgraded Unused capacity in the overall DC conductor circuit Denmark Converter Station 2 poles adjacent Sweden Converter Station Pole 1 and Pole 2 converter stations located 30km apart Vester Hassing Energinet Stenkullen KS1 Lindome KS2 KONTI - SKAN - SKAN HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 28 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

28 Konti-Skan Pole 1 Replacement Refurbishment Drivers Remove Mercury for EHS reasons Reduce Maintenance Increase Pole 1 Rating up to cable and line capacity Replace Obsolete Control System Replace Power Equipment At/Near End Of Life Strategy Completely replace Pole 1 Co-locate Poles 1 and 2 at Lindome Allowed continued operation of both Pole 1 and Pole 2 during construction Scope: Denmark : Energinet carried out all construction Alstom Grid manufactured, installed and commissioned the equipment Sweden : Svenska-Kraftnat contract Full Turnkey Alstom Grid scope including civil work, AC and DC switchyards, etc. HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 29 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. HVDC Cable / Line Interconnection between Sweden and Denmark Pole 2 Vester Hassing New Pole 1 Energinet KS1 KS2 Stenkullen Lindome AC Yard KONTI - SKAN - SKAN

29 Konti-Skan Pole 1 Replacement HVDC Cable / Line Interconnection between Sweden and Denmark Pole 1 Original Construction 30 year Design Life Pole 1 Replacement Pole 2 Original Construction HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 30 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

30 Other Recent Refurbishment Projects Jeju Island, S Korea Haenam-Jeju 300 MW Cable Bipole Addition of new Jeju-Jindo 400 MW Bipole Replacement Control System for Bipole 1 New Brunswick, Canada Eel River 2 x 100MW Back-to-Back Replacement of Valve, Controls and Cooling Plant Oklahoma, US Oklaunion 220 MW Back-to-Back Total Replacement with new 220 MW System.. HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 31 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

31 Summary & Conclusion No single solution fits all Power Electronics installations Original installations were mostly unique Similarly the refurbishment process must be addressed with that particular system and owner in mind Technology Advancements Control Hardware/Software, Converter Power Electronics, and other areas of plant Offer existing owners extended functionality and lifetime HVDC and FACTS systems in service since the 1960s Ever-increasing number of systems being installed Future increase in attention focussed on How to design-in the future refurbishment of plant Refurbish installations to make best use of the existing system Modularity, Standards in converter equipment HVDC :Refurbishment of HVDC - 05/08/2014 P 32 ALSTOM All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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