Battery Guide.

Transcription

1 Battery Guide

2 Power-Sonic Group was established in 1970 and has developed into a leading global supplier of RLA rechargeable batteries offering excellent value at competitive prices. Our corporate focus is dedicated to designing, manufacturing and selling the Power-Sonic brand of RLA batteries, which we believe is amongst the most popular brand in the industry. Our product range includes: alve Regulated Lead Acid (RLA) batteries also called Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) batteries Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) cells and battery packs Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) cells and battery packs Alkaline cells and battery packs Custom battery packs Battery Chargers Power-Sonic products are used by many industries world-wide, including: Fire & Security UPS / Standby Power Emergency Lighting Renewable Energy Mobility General Electronics Our longstanding ISO9001 certificate endorses our commitment to quality and improvement. Power-Sonic s in-house dedicated and experienced service team ensures our customers are fully supported from the time of enquiry through to delivery and beyond. Customised service solutions Next day delivery in mainland UK 3-5 day delivery throughout Europe Advanced technical support Scrap collection and recycling service * Power-Sonic Battery Guide Contents Page Cell / Battery Description 5 RLA versus Flooded (Open ented) Technologies 6 Battery Design Life 7 Self Discharge / Overcharge 8 Undercharging / Temperature effect 8-9 Application Guide 9 Basic Lead Acid Chemistry 10 Series / Parallel Connection 11 Basic Battery Sizing 12 Terminal Details 13 Battery Construction 14 Example of Applications / Non SLA Battery Types 15 Battery Do s and Don ts 16 Glossary 17 Battery Safety / European Directives WEEE 2002/96/EC and RoHS 2002/95/EC 18 The Battery and Accumulators (placing on the market) Regulations The European Directive 2006/66/EC on batteries, accumulators and waste batteries 20 R.E.A.C.H. (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals) 20 Summary Tables PS Series, O Series PG Series PSGL Series PSX Series 28 OPz Series 29 Non SLA Series *please contact us for further information POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 3

3 keeping you in charge Cell / Battery Description Cell A Cell is the simplest operating unit in a battery. It consists of one or more positive plates, an electrolyte, one or more negative plates, separators between plates of opposite polarity, and a container. The nominal voltage of a lead acid cell is 2v. Commonly, the term battery also applies to a single cell if it constitutes the entire electrochemical storage system. Battery Two or more cells enclosed in a container and electrically interconnected in an appropriate series/parallel arrangement to provide the required operating voltage and capacity. Lead Acid batteries are composed of the following sub-technologies, according to the battery design and the manufacturing process: Flooded type (open/vented) Sealed Lead Acid type, however the more accurate term is alve Regulated Lead Acid normally abbreviated to RLA. The main physical difference between the two technologies is that the flooded type has free flowing electrolyte whereas the electrolyte is immobilised in the RLA type. Example of a RLA cell Typical 12v Battery (6 cells internally connected in series) POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 5

4 Flooded Technology Uses high Antimony, low Antimony or Calcium Lead alloys or a combination of Calcium and low Antimony (hybrid) Lead alloys Requires maintenance Its entire electrolyte volume is free to move within the cell with nothing to prevent the escape of hydrogen and oxygen gases normally lost during charging Is spillable, and therefore can only be operated in an upright position Normally requires a separate battery room Older Technology RLA Technology Cells are sealed using special pressure release valves and should never be opened Typically uses Calcium/Lead alloys Low maintenance Maintenance Free Uses a recombination chemical reaction to prevent the escape of hydrogen and oxygen gases normally lost in a flooded lead-acid battery (particularly in deep cycle applications) Is non-spillable, and therefore can be operated in virtually any position Safe RLA batteries can be categorised further and there are basically two types: Batteries with the electrolyte immobilised in a special glass mat separator are commonly known as RLA AGM (absorbent glass mat) batteries Batteries in which the electrolyte is immobilised by a Gel is commonly known as RLA Gel batteries Design Life Float Service The definition of design life is the service life time, in years, before the battery capacity falls below 80% of its initial rated capacity. Eg. For a 100ah battery, the end of life is reached once the capacity of the battery is reduced to 80ah. Temp Effect On Battery Life Heat has a dramatic effect on battery life and as a general rule of thumb, the life of the battery is reduced by 50% for every 10 rise in temp from a base temp of 20 C. Cyclic Service % Design Life Temperature s Life 100% 75% 33% 7% 3% Temperature C In cyclic applications the battery will reach end-of-life after a defined number of cycles. This number is dependant upon the depth of discharge of each cycle. The deeper the discharge, the less number of cycles to end-of-life conversely the lower the depth of discharge the more cycles to end of life. The depth of discharge is expressed as the percentage of the battery capacity required per duty cycle. There are two main features of a RLA battery One, it is sealed and uses special rubber valves to release pressure under abnormal overcharge conditions. Two, it uses a chemical recombination system to prevent the escape of internal gases. Operational Positions May be used in any operational position except for the inverted position. Some Factors Affecting Battery Life 1 Design (variations from one 3 Production methods manufacturer to another) 4 Quality control 2 Quality of materials (impurities / imperfections) 5 Cycling profile 6 Environmental operating conditions 7 Charging Regime 6 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 7

5 Self Discharge Any charged battery tends to lose capacity over time. This capacity loss is referred to as Self Discharge and in lead acid batteries occurs due to the inherent instability of lead and lead dioxide in the presence of sulphuric acid. This results in the conversion of the cells active materials into lead sulphate which effectively discharges the cell. The rate of conversion increases with temperature. Self Discharge Characteristics Capacity Retention Ratio (%) Storage Period (Months) Overcharging As a result of too high a charge voltage, excess current will flow into the battery after reaching full charge, causing decomposition of water in the electrolyte and premature aging. At high rates of overcharge a battery will progressively heat up. As it gets hotter, it will accept more current, heating up even further. This is called thermal runaway and it can destroy a battery in as little as a few hours. Undercharging If too low a charge voltage is applied, the current flow will essentially stop before the battery is fully charged. This allows some of the lead sulphate to remain on the electrodes, which will eventually reduce capacity. Batteries which are stored in a discharged state, or left on the shelf for long periods, will accept far less current than normal. This is caused by a phenomenon called sulphation. Usually, the battery will start to accept increasing amounts of current until a normal current level is reached. If there is no response, even to charge voltages above recommended levels, the battery may have been in a discharged state for too long to recover. Temperature Effects On Capacity Actual capacity is a function of ambient temperature and rate of discharge. At 20 C (68 F) rated capacity is 100%. The capacity increases slowly above this temperature and decreases as the temperature falls. At any ambient temperature, the higher the rate of discharge, the lower the available capacity. This relationship is illustrated in the above graph. Applications Applications can be classified under two basic categories: Standby (Float Charge) Cyclic A float application requires the battery to be on constant charge with an occasional discharge whereas in a cyclic application the battery is charged and discharged on a regular basis. Typical Applications of Power Sonic Products BATTERY SERIES APPLICATION Capacity Ratio (%) Temperature (Deg C) PS PS PG PG2v PG FT PSG (Gel) PSX OPz, 2v Cells 5 Yr Life 10 Yr Life 6-12 Yr Life 15 Yr Life 12 Yr Life 10 Yr Life 6/10 Yr Life (Tubular Plate (RLA) (RLA) (RLA) (RLA) (RLA) (RLA) (RLA) Gel) Telecommunications UPS/Standby Power Emergency Lighting Fire and Security Renewable Energy Mobility General Electronics Utilities Contact Power-Sonic for further application information 8 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 9

6 Basic Lead Acid Chemistry The basic electrochemical reaction equation in a lead acid battery can be written as: Discharge During the discharge portion of the reaction, lead dioxide (PbO 2 ) is converted into lead sulphate (PbSO 4 ) at the positive plate. At the negative plate sponge lead (Pb) is converted to lead sulphate (PbSO 4 ). This causes the sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) in the electrolyte to be consumed. Discharging Pb + 2H 2 SO 4 + PbO 2 PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O + PbSO 4 Charging Porous Lead Sulphuric Acid Porous Lead Sulphate Water Lead Sulphate Active material Electrolyte Lead Dioxide Active material Electrolyte Active material of negative plate Active material of negative plate of positive plate of positive plate PbO 2 Reacts with sulphuric acid to form lead sulphate. H 2 SO 4 Reacts with sulphate ions to form lead sulphate. H 2 O Figure 1: Chemical reaction when a battery is being discharged Pb Connecting in Series When connecting batteries in series the positive terminal of the first battery is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery and so on down the string. Series connection AH AH + Connecting in Parallel AH When connecting batteries in parallel (positive terminals are connected to the positive terminal and negative terminals to the negative), all batteries in the string will receive the same charge voltage but the charge current each battery receives will vary until equalization is reached AH Parallel connection Charge + During the recharge phase of the reaction, the cycle is reversed. The lead sulphate (PbSO 4 ) and water are electrochemically converted to lead (Pb), lead dioxide (PbO 2 ) and sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) by an external electrical charging source. PbO 2 With energy from the charging source, the lead sulphate is broken down and with oxygen from ionised water, lead dioxide is deposited on the positive electrode and lead is deposited on the negative electrode. H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Pb AH AH Figure 2: Chemical reaction when a battery is being charged Note: A series connection increases the over all voltage of the battery string and a parallel connection increases the capacity. 10 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 11

7 Terminal Details Firstly look up the required discharge current (plotted on the x-horizontal axis) and the required discharge time (plotted on the y-ver tical axis). Where the current and time lines intersect, the diagonal Ah cur ve shows the minimum capacity required for the application. It should be noted that this is only a guide line and in practice, if the intersection point of the time & current does not fall exactly on a par ticular Ah cur ve, the next higher value Ah cur ve should be used to determine the minimum batter y capacity/size. 100 Battery Capacity Selector F Diameter Ambient temp. 20 C (68 F) SS Discharge Current (amps) Figure 3: Capacity lines for Power-Sonic batteries Figure 3 shows capacity lines for major Power-Sonic batter y models with different ampere-hour ratings. Amperage is on the horizontal scale and the time elapsed is on the ver tical scale; the product of these values is the capacity. POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 4.75mm X 0.8mm quick disconnect tabs 1 Diameter T6 THREADED F2 6.35mm X 0.8mm FT6 FT6 T5 Terminal M8 SS Bolt M8 SS Bolt 1 18mm F1 Diameter 18mm Diameter 4.75mm X 0.8mm quick disconnect tabs INSERT quick disconnect tabs STUD 6.35mm X 0.8mm quick disconnect tabs SS7 T121 FT6 FT6T6 THREADED THREADED WL M6 INSERT INSERT SP INSULATED STUD T12 THREADED 5mm STUD WIRE LEADS INSERT 12mm SP 1 SPRING With JST plug 5mm STUD WL TERMINALS M6 M5 12mm INSULATED SPRINGFully collapsible WIRE LEADS TERMINALS positive and M5 With JST plug Fully collapsible negative contacts positive and negative contacts F2 65.0AH 40.0AH 20.0AH 12.0AH 5.0AH 6.5AH 8.0AH 2.3AH 2.9AH 12 6 M6 SS Bolt 18 mm Diameter 18mm Diameter 6.5mm 10 hrs LOAD FINAL CURRENT 0.05C 1.75/Cell 0.10C 1.75/Cell 0.20C 1.75/Cell 0.50C 1.70/Cell 1.00C 1.50/Cell 2.00C 1.50/Cell "C" = Capacity of battery M8 SS Bolt M8 SS Bolt 14mm 210.0AH 75.0AH 55.0AH 26.0AH 35.0AH 18.0AH 10.0AH 3.5AH 4.5AH 5.5AH 7.0AH 2.0AH 2.5AH 1.1AH 1.4AH 0.8AH 0.5AH 110.0AH 140.0AH M6 SS Bolt Discharge times reflect cutoff voltages which vary with the discharge current: 6 5 min FT3 21mm 21mm F1 20 Discharge Time (hrs) FT M6 SS Bolt 14mm Diameter mm 19mm M6 M6 12mm Diameter 4.75mm X 0.8mm quick disconnect tabs F1 4.75mm X 0.8mm quick disconnect tabs F2 6.35mmM6 X SS 0.8mm M5 SS Bolt M6 SS BoltM6 SS Bolt Bolt M5 SS Bolt M5 SS Bolt M6 SS Bolt T6 THREADEDquick disconnect tabs F2 6.35mm X 0.8mm INSERT quick disconnect tabs T6 THREADED STUD INSERTT12 THREADED 1 STUD INSERT SPDiameter 14mm Diameter 12 mm Diameter 14 mm Diameter 1 12mm Diameter 14mm Diameter 12mm Diameter T12 THREADED WL 5mm STUD Brass M6 Insert Brass Insert Brass Insert INSERT SP 1 INSULATED 12mm SPRING WL WIRE LEADS M6 5mm STUD TERMINALS INSULATED M5 12mm SPRING With JST plug Fully collapsible WIRESS7 LEADS TERMINALS FT2 FT2M5 FT3 FT2 FT3 FT3 positive and Fully collapsible With JST plug negative and contacts positive negative contacts T13 Terminal 20mm M8 7.2mm 80 T11 Terminal 4mm 4mm expressed in ampere hours of capacity. 7mm The below graph may be used for determining the appropriate batter y size for a par ticular application, Basic Battery Sizing mm X 0.8mm F2 quick disconnect 4.75mm X 0.8mmtabs 6.35mm X 0.8mm F1 quick disconnect tabs quick disconnectf2 tabs 6.35mm X 0.8mm quick disconnect tabs T6 THREADED T12 THREADED INSERT INSERT SP T6 THREADED STUD 5mm STUD T12 THREADED T6 Terminal T12 Terminal T7 Terminal INSERT INSERT SP STUD 18mm 1 12mm SPRING 18mm WL 5mm STUD TERMINALS M6 M6 M5 1 M6 INSULATED M5 WL SS Bolt 12mm SPRING Fully collapsible M6 WIRE LEADS TERMINALS positive and M5 INSULATED With JSTLEADS plug negative contacts Fully collapsible WIRE positive and With JST plug negative contacts F F2 6.35mm X 0.8mm quick disconnect tabs POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 13

8 Battery Construction Terminals Depending on the model, batteries come either with Faston type terminals made of tin plated brass, threaded insert type terminals of the same composition, or heavy duty flag terminals made of lead alloy. A special epoxy is used as sealing material surrounding the terminals. Plates (electrodes) Power-Sonic utilizes the latest technology and equipment to cast grids from a lead-calcium alloy free of antimony. The small amount of calcium and tin in the grid alloy imparts strength to the plate and guarantees durability even in extensive cycle service. In the charged state, the negative plate active material is pure lead and that of the positive lead dioxide. Both of these are in a porous or spongy form to optimize surface area and thereby maximizing capacity. The heavy duty lead calcium alloy grids provide an extra margin of performance and life in both cyclic and float applications and give good recovery from deep discharge. Electrolyte Immobilized dilute sulphuric acid: H 2 SO 4 Relief alve In case of excessive gas pressure build-up inside the battery, the relief valve will open and release the pressure. The one-way valve not only ensures that no air gets into the battery where the oxygen would react with the plates causing internal discharge, but also represents an important safety device in the event of excessive overcharge. ent release pressure is between 2-6 psi and the seal ring material is neoprene rubber. Examples of Applications Power Sources Back-up Power Computers UPS Communications GPS equipment Marine communications Telecommunication systems Lighting Emergency Lighting Exit lights Automotive Electronic memory accessories Braking/fuel systems Recreation Fish finders Ride-on-toys Electrical bicycles/scooters Portable Equipment Audio-visual devices Test and measuring equipment Consumer electronics Agricultural Livestock/game feeders Containment fencing Military Aerospace Aircraft instrumentation Fire control systems Miscellaneous Invisible fences DC power lifts Floor scrubbers Hand held lights Laser Products Monitoring Equipment Robotics Security Systems Fiber-optic test equipment Advertising signs Burglar/Fire alarms Scientific Instruments Monitoring alarms Weather Instrumentation Metal detectors Non SLA Battery Types Power-Sonic are also suppliers of primary Alkaline cells and rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride and Nickel Cadmium cell/batteries further information is available by request. Separators Power-Sonic separators are made of absorbant glass fibre mat with high heat and oxidation resistance. The material further offers superior electrolyte absorption and retaining ability, as well as excellent ion conductivity. Container & case sealing Case and cover are made of non-conductive ABS plastic with flammability rating to UL94-HB or UL94 -O. Depending on the model the case sealing is ultrasonic, epoxy or heat seal. 14 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 15

9 Important Do s and Don ts Glossary Power-Sonic rechargeable sealed lead-acid batteries are designed to provide years of dependable service. Adherence to the following guidelines will ensure that battery life is maximized and operation is trouble-free. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) It is important that you familiarise yourself with these prior to handling, installing and disposing of all batteries. If there are any questions raised from these please contact Power-Sonics technical department. Handling Always wear insulated gloves when handling batteries; especially when connecting series and parallel groups of batteries. Follow all precautions as described in our Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). This information is subject to change depending upon government legislation. isit our website: for up-to-date copies of these. If equipment is to be stored for a long period of time the batteries should be disconnected to avoid undue drain on the batteries and any potential for damage to the equipment. Installation Fasten batteries tightly and make provisions for shock absorption if exposure to shock or vibration is likely. When installing the battery within a piece of equipment, fix it securely at the lowest practicable point. Do not apply undue force to the terminal or bend them. Avoid applying heat to the terminals through processes such as soldering. If soldering to the battery terminals is unavoidable it must be accomplished within 3 seconds, using a soldering iron no greater than 100 watts. Do not place batteries in close proximity to objects which can produce sparks or flames, and do not charge batteries in an inverted position. Avoid exposing batteries to heat! Care should be taken to place batteries away from heat-emitting components. If close proximity is unavoidable, provide ventilation. Service life is shortened considerably at ambient temperatures above 20 c. To prevent problems arising from heat exchange between batteries connected in series or parallel, it is advisable to provide air space of at least 0.4" (10mm) between batteries. Do not mix batteries with different capacities, different ages or of different makes. The difference in characteristics will cause damage to the batteries and possibility to the attached equipment. Battery cases and lids made of ABS plastic can sustain damage if exposed to organic solvents or adhesives. It is good practice to ensure that the connectors are re-torqued and the batteries are cleaned periodically. Do not attempt to open up batteries. Contact with sulphuric acid may cause harm. Should it occur, wash skin or clothes with liberal amounts of water. Do not throw batteries into fire; batteries so disposed may rupture or explode. Disassembled units are hazardous waste and must be treated accordingly. Gas Recombination The process by which oxygen gas generated from the positive plate during the final stage of charge is absorbed into the negative plate, preventing loss of water. High Rate Discharge A very rapid discharge of the battery. Normally in multiples of C (the rating of the battery expressed in amperes). Impedance The resistive value of a battery to an AC current expressed in ohms (Ω). Generally measured at 1000Hz at full charge. Internal Resistance The resistance inside a battery which creates a voltage drop in proportion to the current draw. Negative Terminal The terminal of a battery from which electrons flow in the external circuit when a battery discharges. See Positive Terminal. Nominal oltage The normal voltage of a lead-acid battery is 2 volts per cell. Open Circuit oltage The voltage of a battery or cell when measured in a no load condition. Overcharge The continuous charging of a cell after it achieves 100% of capacity. Battery life is reduced by prolonged overcharging. Parallel Connection Connecting a group of batteries or cells by linking all terminals of the same polarity. This increases the capacity of the battery group. Polarity The charges residing at the terminals of the battery. Positive Terminal The terminal of a battery toward which electrons flow through the external circuit when the cell discharges. See Negative Terminal. Rated Capacity The capacity of the cell expressed in amphrs. Commonly a constant current for a designated number of hours to a specified depth of discharge at room temperature. Recombination The state in which the gasses normally formed within the battery cell during its operation are recombined to form water. Series Connection The connection of a group of cells or batteries by linking terminals of opposite polarity. This increases the voltage of the battery group. Self Discharge The loss of capacity of a battery while stored in an unused conditions without external drain. Separator Material isolating positive from negative plates. In sealed lead acid batteries the separator is absorbent glass fibre which holds the electrolyte in suspension. SLA Battery Sealed lead-acid battery, generally having the following characteristics: Maintenance-free, leak-proof, position-insensitive. Batteries of this type have a safety vent to release gas in case of excessive internal pressure build-up. Hence also the term: alve regulated battery. Gel Cells are SLA batteries whose dilute sulphuric acid electrolyte is immobilised by way of additives which turn the electrolyte into a gel. Service Life The expected life of a battery expressed in the number of total cycles or years of standby service to a designated remaining percentage of original capacity. Shelf Life The maximum period of time a battery can be stored without supplementary charging. Standby Services An application in which the battery is maintained in a fully charged condition by trickle or float charging. State of Charge The available capacity of a battery at a given time expressed as a percentage of rated capacity. Sulphation The deposit of lead sulphate on the surface and in the pores of the active material of the batteries lead plates. If the sulphation becomes excessive and forms large crystals on the plates the battery will not operate efficiently and may not work at all. Thermal Runaway A Condition in which a cell or battery on constant potential charge can destroy itself through internal heat generation. alve Regulated Lead Acid battery (RLA) See SLA Battery listed above. 16 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 17

10 Battery Safety Weight Lead Acid Batteries are very HEAY! Take care when transporting, lifting and installing batteries. Also consider floor loadings of installations. These gases normally diffuse rapidly into the atmosphere however if a charger fails, causing higher than recommended rates, substantial volumes of explosive gases will vent from the battery. The Batteries and Accumulators (Placing on the market) Regulations 2008 The above regulations come into force on 26th September 2008 and are the legislation the UK Government is required to have in place to transpose EU Directive 2006/66/EC within this country. Sulphuric Acid Electrical Hazard Batteries are always live. Only use fully insulated tools. Remove all rings, watches, necklaces and always wear safety glasses. Electrolyte is very corrosive. Flush any acid splashes from eyes and off skin with plenty of clean water. Seek medical aid immediately. Always wear safety glasses and protective clothing. Explosive gases Although sealed cells and batteries vent significantly less gas than other forms of lead acid batteries, the gases vented will contain hydrogen and oxygen. When the concentration of hydrogen exceeds 4%, the atmosphere becomes explosive. Note: gas is only generated when cells are on charge but also can be present during discharge. Recycling Fortunately, scrap lead acid batteries can be safely recycled. In fact they have been recycled since the 1920 s and today, lead acid batteries have a higher recycling rate than other waste products such as aluminium, paper and glass or plastic beverage containers. For further information, please see: European directive 2006/66/EC on Batteries and accumulators and waste batteries The Batteries and Accumulators (Placing on the Market) Regulations 2008 Reach (Registration Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals) European Directives WEEE 2002/96/EC and ROHS 2002/95/EC The ROHS directive covers the same scope as the WEEE directive. As Batteries and accumulators do not fall into any of the ten categories listed by the WEEE directive our products are considered to be outside the scope of each of these directives. Power-Sonic Sealed Lead Acid and Nickel Cadmium batteries conform to the European Council directive 2006/66/EC, which specifies that batteries containing mercury, lead or cadmium should be collected separately when spent and should carry an identifying WEE Symbol, a crossed-out wheelie bin and the appropriate chemical symbol. This is designed to inform the end user to separate batteries from other waste. Power-Sonic Europe s policy is to accept returns of our product at the customer s expense and to ensure proper recycling, we then route the batteries through Environment Agency procedures using approved waste carriers and licensed sites. Summarised below are Power-Sonic Europe Limited s obligations as a battery supplier regarding this legislation for placing batteries on the UK market. Material Prohibitions The only material within any of the technologies we place on the market that is potentially prohibited is that of Cadmium, in our Nickel Cadmium batteries. There is potentially a prohibition for these batteries, which contain more than 0.002% of cadmium. However, the prohibition does not apply to portable batteries intended for use in the following categories, which is the intended use for our batteries: (a) Emergency and alarms systems, including emergency lighting (b) Medical equipment (c) Cordless power tools Labelling to aid recycling All Power-Sonic products are labelled according to current legislative requirements. These are the requirements to apply the crossed out wheeled bin symbol along with the appropriate chemical symbol for the item. These symbols are of the requisite size and are visible, legible and indelible. The relevant symbols for our batteries are: Pb RLA (SLA) batteries Cd Nickel Cadmium batteries NI Nickel Cadmium batteries There is no symbol as yet for alkaline batteries. In addition to the above symbols, there will be a requirement by 26th September 2009 to show battery capacities. This is already shown on Power- Sonic batteries. These regulations are designed to pave the way for producer responsibility to ultimately ensure the recycling of all batteries that reach their end of life further consultation on the precise strategies to be adopted in order to work towards this objective are expected later. Power-Sonic Europe Ltd has for some years been making voluntary arrangements for the collection of the vast majority of our waste batteries. This has been achieved by the provision of waste bins at customer premises for our main product (RLA Batteries), where volumes are sufficient, or by arranging collection from customers for delivery to our UK premises where the amount are more modest. 18 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 19

11 European Directive 2006/66/EC and UK Regulations on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries The primary objective of this Directive is to minimize the negative impact of batteries and accumulators on the environment, thus contributing to the protection, preservation and improvement of the quality of the environment. This statement quoted from item 1 of the Directive summarizes its main aim. The broad aim of the Directive is to ensure correct labelling of the various technologies, and set and enforce targets for the collection and recycling of waste batteries of all types, thus providing ongoing improvements towards environmental protection and help prevent heavy metal pollution. Member states have been required to produce legislation to meet the requirements of the Directive. There are currently two pieces of legislation in force in order to transpose the Directive in the UK. To read more information about this please visit and click on the EU Directive document link. R.E.A.C.H. (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals) This is a European regulation that came into force on June 1st A major aim is to provide a high level of protection of human health and the environment for the use of chemicals. 1 summary tables Battery type Page PS Series, O Series PG Series PSGL Series PSX Series 28 OPz Series 29 Non SLA Series Whilst the regulation is primarily aimed at the chemical industry and sales of individual chemical substances, its scope includes what the regulations term preparations and articles. This latter term is wide ranging and can include cars, telephones and batteries 2. However, under the section substances in articles 3 the following statement effectively exempts Power-Sonic from the obligation of registration of its products with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): notification is not required when exposure to humans and environment can be excluded during normal conditions of use, including disposal. Additionally, guidelines issued by EUROBAT, which represents the European automotive and industrial battery industry has produced extensive guidelines which declare the battery industry, as a downstream user as having no registration obligations 4. The guideline notes certain obligations that REACH defines for downstream users in their communications along the supply chain 5. These involve the preparation and availability of EC safety data sheets. Power-Sonic Europe Ltd, has its Material Safety Data Sheets available on our website ( under downloads ) or on request from our offices. Substance of ery High Concern (SHC) For the latest PSE company statement on SHC, please refer to ECHA Substances document available at the below link: 1. Health and Safety Executive website 2. Ibid.p Guidelines of EUROBAT for the Implementation of the European REACH Regulation Covering the Manufacture and Marketing of Batteries in the European Union October 2008, Section 3 available from or on demand from Power-Sonic Europe Ltd. 5. Ibid. Section POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 21

12 PS Series, O Series PS 6-12 olt Monoblocs (5/10yr Life) MODEL DESIGN LIFE IN FLOAT SERICE AT 20 C CAPACITY C20 (Ah) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL CARTON QUANTITY PS F1 20 PS-612ST F1 20 PS-630ST F1 20 PS F1 20 PS F1 10 PS F1 10 PS F1 10 PS F1 20 PS F1 20 PS F1 10 PS F1 10 PS F1 5 PS F1 4 PS T12 2 PS T12 2 PS T5 1 PS T6 1 PS T6 1 PS T6 1 PS T6 1 PS T6 1 PS T6 1 UL94-0 Flame Retardant Casing MODEL DESIGN LIFE IN FLOAT SERICE AT 20 C CAPACITY C20 (Ah) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL CARTON QUANTITY PS F1 10 PS WL 20 PS F1 20 PS F1 20 PS F1 10 PS F1 10 PS F1 5 PS F1 4 PS T12 2 PS T12 2 PS T6 1 PS T6 1 This is a selection of our most popular models only. If the product you require is not listed here, please contact us or refer to our website Terminal Types: Please see page 13 or individual data sheets for the terminal types & size information. Minimum orders of non-stock models: PS range (38Ah and above) 100 pcs of any one model, <38Ah 500 pcs of any one model for special production of no-stock models. Key: Stocked item Non-stocked item 22 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE Rev 1 (06/14) POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 23

13 PG Series PG Series: 6-12 olt Monoblocs (6/12yr Life) MODEL DESIGN LIFE IN FLOAT SERICE AT 20 C CAPACITY C20 (Ah) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL PG F1 6 CARTON QUANTITY PG F2 10 PG F2 5 PG F2 5 PG F2 4 PG T12 2 PG T12 2 PG T12 1 PG T6 1 PG T6 1 PG T6 1 PG T6 1 PG T6 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG Series: 2 olt Cells (15yr Life) MODEL DESIGN LIFE IN FLOAT SERICE AT 20 C CAPACITY C20 (Ah) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL PG T6 1 PG T6 1 PG T7 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 PG T11 1 CARTON QUANTITY PG Series: 12 olt Front Terminal Monoblocs (12yr Life) MODEL DESIGN LIFE IN FLOAT SERICE AT 20 C C20 CAPACITY TO 1.8/C (Ah) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL PGFT12v T13 1 PGFT12v T6 1 PGFT12v T13 1 CARTON QUANTITY This is a selection of our most popular models only. If the product you require is not listed here, please contact us or refer to our website Terminal Types: Please see page 13 or individual data sheets for the terminal types & size information. Minimum orders of non-stock models: PG range (38Ah and above) 100 pcs of any one model, <38Ah 500 pcs of any one model for special production of no-stock models. Key: Stocked item Non-stocked item 24 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE Rev 1 (06/14) POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 25

14 PSGL Series PSGL (Gel) Cyclic 12 olt Monoblocs MODEL C20 CAPACITY TO 1.8/C (Ah) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL CARTON QUANTITY M5 SS Bolt M6 SS Bolt PSGL T12 2 PSGL T12 1 PSGL T5 1 12mm Diameter 14mm Diameter PSGL T6 1 PSGL T6 1 PSGL T6 1 FT2 FT3 PSGL T6 1 PSGL T6 1 PSGL T6 1 PSGL T6 1 PSGL T11 1 PSGL T11 1 PSGL T11 1 PSGL T11 1 PSGL T11 1 Plastic screwed cap to hold down flat and O-rings Triple Seal Detail Epoxy seal (Red for + Black for ) Plastic flat ring Rubber O-ring Lead terminal post with brass insert M8 SS Bolt 18mm Diameter FT6 FOR CYCLIC PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS PLEASE REFER TO BATTERY GUIDE SECTION This is a selection of our most popular models only. If the product you require is not listed here, please contact us or refer to our website Minimum orders: PSGL range 100 pcs of any one model for special production. Key: Stocked item Non-stocked item 26 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE Rev 1 (06/14) POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 27

15 PSX Series PSX Series: 6-12 olt Monoblocs (6-12yr Life) MODEL DESIGN LIFE IN FLOAT SERICE AT 20 C CAPACITY 15MIN RATE WATTS TO 1.67 P/C C20 CAPACITY TO 1.8/C (Ah) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL CARTON QUANTITY PSX F1 20 PSX F1 10 PSX F2 10 PSX F2 5 PSX12-6.5S F1 (neg) F2(pos) PSX F2 5 PSX F2 5 PSX F2 4 PSX T12 2 PSX T12 2 PSX T6 1 PSX T6 1 PSX T6 1 PSX T11 1 PSX T11 1 PSX T11 1 PSX T11 1 PSX T OPz Series 2 olt Cells (20yr Life) 2 Tubular Gel Batteries MODEL DESIGN LIFE IN FLOAT SERICE AT 20 C RATE Ah APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS (MM) PLEASE REFER TO INDIIDUAL DATA SHEETS FOR FULL INFORMATION L W H TH STANDARD TERMINAL 4OPz200 20YRS T11 5OPz250 20YRS T11 6OPz300 20YRS T11 5OPz350 20YRS T11 6OPz420 20YRS T11 7OPz490 20YRS T11 6OPz600 20YRS T11 8OPz800 20YRS T11 10OPz YRS T11 12OPz YRS T11 12OPz YRS T11 16OPz YRS T11 Key: Stocked item Non-stocked item Key: Stocked item Non-stocked item This is a selection of our most popular models only. If the product you require is not listed here, please contact us or refer to our website Terminal Types: Please see page 13 or individual data sheets for the terminal types & size information. Minimum orders of non-stock models: PSX range (38Ah and above) 100 pcs of any one model, <38Ah 500 pcs of any one model for special production of no-stock models. This is a selection of our most popular models only. If the product you require is not listed here, please contact us or refer to our website Terminal Types: Please see page 13 or individual data sheets for the terminal types & size information. Minimum orders: PS-OPzL range pcs of any one model for special production. 28 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE Rev 1 (06/14) POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 29

16 Non SLA Series Nickel Cadmium High Temperature REF CAPACITY 0.2C (mah) DIAMETER DIMENSIONS (MM) NCDH D HEIGHT Ni-Cad Pack Configurations n Standard Configuration Codes NCDH40002C * D NCDH40003C * D NCDH40004C * D NCDH40005C * D NCDH40006C * D NCDH40007C * D NCDH40008C * D Code: A Cells arranged in a row Code: B Cells arranged in a horizontal rectangle Code: C Cells stacked in vertical column L W H NCDH40002A * D NCDH40003A * D NCDH40004A * D NCDH40005A * D NCDH40006A * D NCDH40007A * D NCDH40008A * D Note: All dimensions are maximum. Those marked with * include sleeving. Code: D Cells stacked in multiple columns & layers Code: E Cells stacked in multiple columns & layers Code: F Cells arranged in horizontal zig-zag rows (1+ layers) Tag Types: 0 = Solder Tag 1 = Wire leads one end of battery 2 = Other terminations 3 = No tags, blank ends 4 = Single PC Tags both ends 5 = Single PC pin-double PC pin + 6 = Centre Wire +- solder tags This is a selection of our most popular models only. If the product you require is not listed here, please contact us or refer to our website Code: G Cells arranged in a horizontal triangle Code: H Cells attacked in 2 vertical columns of unequal number of cells 7 = Customers own connector assembly 8 = Double PC pn - single PC pin + 9 = Wire leads either end of battery 30 POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE Rev 1 (06/14) POWER-SONIC BATTERY GUIDE 31

17 Power-Sonic is dedicated to continual product development enabling us to offer solutions for all industry specifications globally. We pride ourselves on product quality, performance and reliability, meeting the industry standards with ds, NCP and UL approvals. Our batteries have superior performance characteristics which is achieved through advanced engineering and state of the art manufacturing processes, coupled with the use of premium raw materials. POWER-SONIC EUROPE LIMITED (UK) (European Head Office) 3 Buckingham Square Hurricane Way Wickford, Essex SS11 8YQ Tel: Main Office: +44 (0) Customer Service: +44 (0) Sales & Marketing: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) Sales@power-sonic.co.uk Website: POWER-SONIC EUROPE LIMITED (France) 5-7 Avenue du Général De Gaulle SENLIS Tél: +33 (0) Fax: +33 (0) contact@power-sonic-fr.com Website: POWER-SONIC CORPORATION (HQ) (USA) Power-Sonic Corporation 7550 Panasonic Way San Diego, California United States Tel: 1 (619) Fax: 1 (619) Website: In the event of further technical development we reserve the right to alter our design, specification and price without notice. E&O.E