The Role of Energy Storage. In Pushing Toward 100% Renewable Energy. SunJuice. Integrated Solar

Transcription

1 The Role of Energy Storage In Pushing Toward 100% Renewable Energy SunJuice Integrated Solar

2 Alison Mason SunJuice Solar! Mechanical Engineer Dedicated to Climate Protection! Master s Research Solar Hot Water Colorado State University! Solar Design and Installation Training at Solar Energy International (SEI), 2003! SunJuice Solar Design, Consulting, Installation Solar! SkyFuel Parabolic Troughs for Concentrated Solar Power! Spirae Software for Power System Integration of Distributed Energy Resources! Next: Doctorate in Grid Flexibility? Design and Installation of Renewable Microgrids? 2

3 I will cover! Market Trends in Energy Storage! What Energy Storage is For! Why Energy Storage is Not the Only Answer! Why Energy Storage is Not the Best Answer! Cool Energy Storage Projects 3

4 What Kinds of Energy Storage? Remove Pumped Hydro. 4

5 flywheel ba2ery hydrogen thermal 5

6 USA Only 6

7 Where in USA? 7

8 Top 10 Countries 8

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10 What is Energy Storage Doing? 10

11 Frequency Response Massachusetts State of Charge Report, 2016 Can also do this with controllable loads 11

12 Reverse Power Flow Massachusetts State of Charge Report, 2016 Can also do this with controllable loads 12

13 Variability VRE increases the need for flexibility [Aggarwal et al., 2016, Cochran et al., 2014]. 13

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15 Flexibility Relative Economics of Integration Options [Cochran et al., 2014] 15

16 Grid Flexibility for a Tiny Grid Ta u, Samoa 14 MW Solar 6 MWh Energy Storage 100% Renewable 16

17 Grid Flexibility First 1. Reduced minimum generation levels 2. Increased export capacity 3. Expanded demand response, and 4. Optimized charging of electric vehicles Source: Energy Storage Requirements for Achieving 50% Solar Photovoltaic Energy Penetration in California Paul Denholm and Robert Margolis National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) August,

18 Levellized Cost of Flexibility COMPARE ENERGY STORAGE $250/MWH - $500/MWH GEN-GRID-DR $1/MWH - $5/MWH ENERGY STORAGE: Electricity storage ranges from $20/MWh for pumped hydro storage to more than $500/MWh for distributed battery storage. GEN-GRID-DR: Highly flexible generation, grid infrastructure (network), and demand response (load) can provide flexibility at costs as low as $1/MWh to $5/MWh and reaching $20/MWh under less favorable conditions. Source: [IEA, 2014]. 18

19 The Super Hero of Flexibility ENERGY STORAGE The Bad Expensive The Good Can solve many of the grid s problems load leveling frequency regulation contingency reserves firm capacity The Ugly Carbon intensive 19

20 Carbon Cost of Batteries! Embodied Energy [ Lithium Ion: 10x lifetime Lead Acid: 2x lifetime! Round trip penalty range from 5% for flywheels and supercapacitors to 35% for vanadium redox flow batteries. In the middle of the range are pumped hydro and various battery chemistries [Schoenung, 2011]. A high flexibility grid can achieve the same renewable energy penetration with half the energy storage as a low flexibility grid. Source: Denholm et al. [2016] 20

21 Trends Driving Energy Storage Cost BaLery Manufacturing Scale BaLery Cost EV Adoption 21

22 NY REV ConEdison 300 homes in Brooklyn and Queens Virtual Power Plant Leased solar panels and lithium ion batteries Peak shaving and frequency regulation Aliso Canyon Southern California Edison San Diego Gas and Electric 60 MW utility scale storage SCE 20 MW (80 MWh) SDG&E 37.5 MW (150 MWh) Fast 6 months or less PJM FERC Front of the meter Interim cap Regulation D MW Frequency Regulation De-Carbonization Grid Modernization Loss of resource natural gas supply Market Demand 22

23 Stacked Value of Energy Storage Value Stream Examples - Frequency Regulation - Demand Response - Demand Charge Management 23

24 Where is Energy Storage Viable? 24

25 Kaua i 25

26 13 MW Energy Storage Kaua i! Hawaii phasing out fossil fuels by 2045! Kaua i currently 36% renewable solar, hydro, biomass.! Sunniest days, 90% renewable, mostly solar! 13 MW/52 MWh to meet peak evening demand! Replaces diesel! 20 year PPA (KIUC) 26

27 Good Policy Wanted November 2016, proposed rule that would require system operators to create rules for energy storage to participate in wholesale markets Energy, capacity, ancillary services Rapid response Small storage facilities Multiple services simultaneously All sources included that can both increase and decrease energy consumption Flywheels, compressed air, pumped hydro On transmission grid or distribution grid DER aggregator can register as a generation asset Price signals should encourage DER to locate in congested/high price pockets Shorter lead time Batteries unique capabilities black start, primary frequency response, and reactive power Source: RTO Insider, November 21, 2016, FERC Rule Would Boost Energy Storage, DER 27

28 DOE NOPR! Sept. 29, 2017! DOE filed NOPR directing FERC to explore boosting compensation for baseload gens.! Broad coalition opposed: Proponents of free markets Utilities Regulators 28

29 Challenging the Status Quo Fort Collins Carbon Neutral by 2050 Boulder 100% Clean by 2030 Sierra Club #ReadyFor100 5 cities are already 100% Aspen, CO Burlington, VT Greensburg, KS Kodiak Island, AK Rock Port, MO 40 cities have pledged to get there by 2050 Prescott, Arizona Mandalay Homes & Sonnen 2,900 Homes, 3.9 kw solar, 8 kwh storage 29

30 PV+Storage Benefit/Cost Paul Denholm, 10/17/2017 (NREL) 30

31 Resources! Energy Gang Podcast (Greentech Media)! The Interchange Podcast (Greentech Media)! Lazard ( NREL Paul Denholm (LinkedIn)! Greentech Media Energy Storage Newsletter! Utility Dive 31

32 To Those Who Have Inspired, Encouraged, Assisted, Supported, Coached, and just plain beat things into my head My Parents Dr. Franz Brotzen Dr. Few Dr. Jane Davidson Jeff Miller Sue Reilly Dr. Maury Albertson Peggy Plate Dr. Byron Winn Judy Dorsey Jim Welch Dan Bihn Randy Udall Chris Cook Alison Mason Thank You! Jigar Shah Randy Gee Kelly Beninga Sunil Cherian Bill Becker My Daughters 32