Energy Storage 101 Ed Burgess September 23, 2016

Transcription

1 Energy Storage 101 Ed Burgess September 23, 2016

2 Broad Electric Power System Applicability Bulk Storage Ancillary Services Distributed Storage Distributed Storage Commercial Storage Residential Storage 2

3 Energy Storage Can Cut Across Multiple Silos T&D Planning Resource Planning Customer Programs Transmission Asset Deferral Distribution Asset Deferral System Capacity Flexibility / Ancillary Services Fleet Optimization Customer Bill Management Demand Response Participation DER/EV interconnection cost management» Storage has potential to lower ratepayer costs and to increase grid reliability.» Storage is not always cost effective based on a single use case, however stacking multiple benefits can increase cost effectiveness.» Key challenge: identifying primary system need, then identifying secondary benefits that storage can also provide. 3

4 Operational Use Cases For Storage Systems SOURCE: SCE 2011, 4

5 Size and Duration by Technology/Application Source: Australian Renewable Energy Agency (7/2015): Energy Storage Study Funding and Knowledge Sharing Priorities 5

6 Energy Storage Use Cases ( )* Electro-chemical Electro-magnetic Pumped Hydro Storage Thermal Storage * - Chart reflects data collected from the DOE Global Energy Storage Database Accessed 2/16/2016. Database entries are self reported and use case categories are not mutually exclusive. SOURCE: DOE ENERGY STORAGE DATABASE ACCESSED 9/7/2016 6

7 Use Case Example #1: Frequency Regulation» In order to synchronize generation assets to the AC grid, frequency must be held with tight tolerance bounds around 60 Hertz.» Inverter-based resources such as energy storage can respond more quickly than conventional resources. Frequency Regulation Service Response time Resources Fast Frequency Regulation Dispatched to correct ACE; Response time up to 5 minutes Dispatched to correct ACE; Typical response time is 1-30 seconds Thermal generation, demand response Storage, some demand response 7

8 Use Case Example #2: Avoid Curtailment/Overgeneration Potential Over-generation Source: 8

9 No Storage GW GW GW Results of CA Grid Model with Storage 50,000 40,000 30,000 Unit Starts 9% 17% 30% Small amounts of energy storage equivalent to 0.5% to 3.4% of peak capacity results in 9% to 30% reduction in unit starts 20,000 10,000 Unit starts tend to be emissions intensive as well as costly - Scenarios % of total CA Generation Capacity Curtailment Reduction in CA (kwh) Only 2 hour storage 2, 4, & 6 hour storage 2, 4, & 6 hour storage 0.5% 1.7% 3.4% 8.1% 23.3% 40.0% Source: California Energy Storage Alliance 9

10 Use Case Example #3: T&D Upgrade Deferral Incremental amounts of storage can defer the need for new T&D equipment Dispatch for Transmission Deferral» Storage is only a fit for T&D deferral in specific circumstances recent examples: Con Edison Brooklyn-Queens Initiative PG&E Distribution Deferral Solicitation Boothbay Maine Pilot Project SOURCE: DOE/EPRI 2013 ELECTRICITY STORAGE HANDBOOK IN COLLABORATION WITH NRECA, 2013 (FIGURE 11. STORAGE FOR TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION DEFERRAL) 10

11 Case Study: Puget Sound Energy Non-Wires Alternative Graphical Representation of Eastside Overload Scenario, Winter Case (in MW)* Energy Storage Configuration Summary Baseline Configuration Solves for Green + Yellow Alternate #1 Solves for Green only Alternate #2 Solves for Green + Yellow + Red *Shading represents ESS net injection requirements to meet overload scenarios: Green Emergency Overload Elimination; Yellow Normal Overload Reduction; and Red Normal Overload Elimination Storage Configurations Considered Storage Configuration Baseline Alternate #1 Alternate #2 Solves for Eliminates Emergency (Green) + Reduces Normal Overload (Yellow) Eliminates Emergency Overload Only (Green) Eliminates All Normal + Emergency Overloads (Green, Yellow and Red) Power (MWp) Energy (MWh) Duration (hours) Est. Cost ($MM) Includes Non-Wires Alternatives Technically Feasible Meets Requirements 328 2, $1, $ , $2,367 11

12 Case Study: Brooklyn-Queens Demand Management 12

13 Use Case Example #4: Local Capacity Needs Case Study: SCE 2014 Procurement 261 MW procured (5x what CPUC had required in Decision ) in Nov to address local capacity needs two areas Seller Resource Type Total Contracts Advanced Microgrid Solutions BTM Battery Energy Storage AES FTM Battery Energy Storage Ice Energy BTM Thermal Energy Storage NRG FTM Battery Energy Storage Stem BTM Battery Energy Storage MW Total