Carnegie Mellon University Smart Infrastructure Development

Transcription

1 Lee Krevat Director Smart Grid and Clean Transportation Carnegie Mellon University Smart Infrastructure Development May 9, 2014

2 SDG&E Overview 1.4 million electric meters (~900k gas meters) serve over 3 million people and approximately 100,000 businesses. ~4,800 employees support a service area covering 4,100 square miles in two California counties and 25 cities. Transmission (69-500kV) o ~1,800 mi overhead, ~105 mi underground o Over 14,000 structures o 22 substations o 201 tie lines Distribution (12kV & 4kV) o ~10,100 mi underground (60%) o ~6,700 mi overhead (40%) o ~280 substations o ~1,000 circuits o ~220k wood poles San Francisco Los Angeles 2

3 Smart Grid Roadmap Workforce Development Customer Empowerment Renewable Growth Integrated & Cross Cutting Systems SMART GRID Electric Vehicle Growth Smart Grid RD&D Security Operational Efficiency Reliability & Safety Deployment Roadmap San Diego Gas & Electric

4 2012 SGDP Annual Report ~$156 million in costs, ~$40 million in benefits 63 projects with 42 in progress Submitted October 1, 2012 Smart Grid 2012 Annual Report 4

5 2013 SGDP Annual Report $144.1 million in costs, $33.6 million in benefits. Smart Grid Deployment Plan 47 completed and in progress projects. Customer Empowerment and Engagement Distribution Automation and Reliability Transmission Automation and Reliability Asset Management, Safety, and Operational Efficiency SDG&E's 2013 SGDP Annual Report - Projects Completed In Progress Planned / Proposed Enterprise Totals Security 3 3 Integrated and Crosscutting Systems Totals Annual Report Smart Grid 2013 Annual Report

6 Factors Driving Urgent Need for Energy System Changes Customer Empowerment Choice, Control, Convenience Smart Appliances, Smart Charging, Smart Rates Centralized renewables Intermittent availability issues Increased volume threatens grid stability Distributed renewables (rooftop solar) No control, can t see it, no communication Power quality issues will increase Cross-cutting Issues: Cyber and Physical Security Network Communications Workforce Development Electric vehicles Current electric grid cannot manage potential volume Overall consumption may rise significantly 6 Job of managing grid getting more complex; need to leverage technology

7 Smart Meters: The benefits are NOW 7

8 Customer Tools Rate Choices Within the next year, small business and residential customers will be able to choose from a menu of new rates and will be provided with tools to help choose the rate that s best for them 8

9 San Diego Energy Challenge

10 Customer Tools - Outages We know customers are very concerned when outages occur Our outage map gives information on communities & number of customers affected; start time for the outage, estimated time of restoration (ETR) and cause Notifications are also provided when customers are out of power (along with the estimated time of restoration or ETR) and when power is back Updates are given if the original ETR is past and power has not been restored 10

11 Outage Management System (OMS) Distribution Management System (DMS) Real Time as-switched view of distribution system. Integrated with AMI to more quickly detect outages. Average of 10 minutes before first customer call and 25 minutes before customer calls would predict same outage location. Integrated with mobile dispatch system to dispatch work and track crew status. Aggregates display of overall Summary of outages in progress and historical trend of outage and restoration activity for the distribution operator. 11

12 Smart Meter Benefits Installation of 2.3M Smart Meters resulted in: More than 3.1 million miles NOT traveled by SDG&E trucks - more than 273,000 gallons of gasoline SAVED 2,425 metric tons of CO2 equivalent NOT emitted (13% reduction in SDG&E fleet emissions) Responding more quickly to customer outages Identifying overloaded transformers Customer Service Service is only a click away Handling move in and move out requests remotely Offering new smart Demand Response Programs and rates Disclaimer: These emissions reductions are estimates calculated based on standard assumptions and EPA emission factors.

13 Commercial & Residential Generation 13

14 33% Renewable Portfolio Standard Expected Build-Out

15 CA ISO 15

16 SDG&E Weather Network (~144 Stations)

17 San Diego EV Growth 7,220 EVs 610 Public charging stations 18 DC fast-chargers 380 All-electric Car2Go fleet 3,435 on SDG&E EV time-of use rate As of March 2014

18 Demand, Net of Renewable Energy Low Day Illustration Flat price - Nashville 18

19 Demand, Net of Renewable Energy Low Day Illustration TOU price SDG&E 19

20 SDG&E Employee Charging System 20

21 Example of Automatic Phone App Setting 21

22 Example of Custom Phone App Setting 22

23 How to build the VGI Rate Step 1: Start with the VGI Rate prior to the addition of the CAISO Day- Ahead Price. This rate includes the VGI Base Rate (Transmission, PPP, ND, CTC, RS, and the DWR-BC), the VGI Distribution Base Rate, and the VGI Commodity Base Rate. This results in a flat hourly rate. Step 2: Add the CAISO Day-Ahead Price. The CAISO Day-Ahead Price varies by hour. Step 3: The end result is a VGI Rate that reflects the hourly differences in the CAISO Day- Ahead Price. Hour Beginning Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 VGI Rate Pre-CAISO CAISO Day- Ahead Price VGI Rate (with CAISO) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh)

24 Illustration of a Day with Top 150 System Peak Hours - Example 2 Hour Beginning Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 VGI Rate Pre-CAISO CAISO Day- Ahead Price Average C-CPP VGI Rate (CAISO and Hourly Adder) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh)

25 Illustrative Day with Surplus Energy Occurrence Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Hour Beginning VGI Rate Pre-CAISO CAISO Day- Ahead Price VGI Rate (with CAISO Day-Ahead) CAISO Day-of Price VGI Rate (with CAISO) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (cents/kwh) (6.8) (7.3) (0.3)

26 Summary of Potential Benefits of VGI Use of energy storage capacity of PEV to take energy when supply is plentiful (integrate renewables) Reduce on-peak charging Helps multi-unit dwelling customers to participate in PEV market Increase sales of PEVs and reduces risk of market stalling Helps EV-related vendors - RFPs will attract multiple suppliers Cash in customers pocket from gasoline savings Almost double kwh usage per Plug-in Hybrid Increase range confidence and kwh usage per all electric EVs Provides data to guide CPUC policy Reduces harmful air emissions Positions for V2G EVs used as an energy supply Educates customers on time-of-use (TOU) pricing Demonstrates the benefit potential of dynamic rates Increases global energy independence 26

27 Installation of the Borrego Springs SES

28 More Borrego Springs SES

29 AES Community Energy Storage (CES) Manufacturer: S&C / Kokam Three 25 kw/50 kwh units connected to 12 kv C170 Operated independently and as a fleet Modes of Operation Peak Shaving Renewable Smoothing Voltage Support Li Ion Battery Inverter / PCS Box Pad For Below-Ground Battery

30 Energy Storage Procurement Targets California Investor Owned Utilities On Oct. 17, 2013, the California PUC approved the decision of Commissioner Peterman (D ) which establishes a target of 1,325 MW of energy storage capacity for procurement by the IOUs by 2020, with installations under the program required no later than Total Target by 2020 CEC 2020 Forecasted Peak Demand % of Peak Capacity SDG&E 165 MW 5,178 MW 3.2% Southern CA Edison 580 MW 24,578 MW 2.4% Pacific Gas & Electric 580 MW 24,786 MW 2.3% SDG&E s Procurement Target Details: Total Transmission Distribution Customer Total

31 Battery Energy Storage Deployment Lifecycle Site Identification / Prioritization Procurement Design / Engineering Construction / Installation Operations Decommissioning Candidate sites are identified, evaluated, and prioritized through Distribution Planning and engineering processes Vendors are identified Requests for Proposals (RFPs) or other solicitations sent to vendors Proposals are offered by vendors and evaluated Due diligence investigation of finalist vendors (financial, manufacturing, site assessment etc.) Contract[s] for materials and services negotiated Order is placed Manufacturing & factory acceptance testing Sites are evaluated & prioritized Site is selected Engineering specifications developed: Structural Civil Environmental Electrical IT communications & security, data storage & processing Land acquisition (if required) Equipment is shipped to installation site Site is prepared grading, concrete, fencing, etc. Environmental & Permitting Electrical facilities are constructed Switches Transformers Communications System is monitored for anomalous events On events, alarms are created and routed to appropriate personnel Equipment follows preset or scheduled profiles for operational modes For contingencies, operators switch modes or otherwise dispatch units to address an operating condition End of life of system is determined Unit removed from operations; alternatively, may replace major components for continued operation Equipment removed and shipped to a recycling facility as appropriate Third party recycler recovers recyclable materials Remaining material is sent to landfill as appropriate

32 Borrego Springs ugrid Project Summary Utilize advanced technologies to integrate and manage distributed resources within the Smart Grid Budget: $8.0M DOE and $2.8M CEC plus matching funds from SDG&E and partners Benefits: Integrate and leverage various generation and storage configurations Reduce the peak load of feeders and enhance system reliability Enable customers to become more active participants in managing their energy use Distributed Energy Resources Substation Energy Storage Customer Energy Management Microgrid Controller Home Energy Feeder Storage Automation Community System Energy Technology 32 Storage

33 Support Planned Outage 6/23/12 Supported over 2100 customers during planned outage on 6/23 33

34 Support Substation Outage 4/8/13 34

35 CES Islanding Event 4/8 Residential customer islanded after grid outage Customer remained with power for approximately 5 hours after outage occurred 35

36 September 6, degrees by 1000 and peaked at 107 degrees at 1320 Thunderstorms began to form between 1200 and 1300 Produced rainfall totals of 1.3 at Warners by 1400, with similar amounts along the desert slopes west of Borrego Gusty outflow winds from the thunderstorms began to reach the Borrego area at Peak gusts of mph were measured between 1420 and 1430, though evidence supports that a microburst likely occurred near the center of the storm, producing gusts as high as 70 mph. ~ 167 lightning strikes occurred in the Borrego area 36

37 September 6 7 Outage 9 transmission and 11 distribution poles were down All roads into/out of Borrego Springs were closed 37

38 September 6 7 Outage Restoration efforts took 25 hours More than 200 employees involved 38

39 September 6 7 Outage 39

40 Borrego Flood Outage 9/6-7 At 1420, single transmission line to Borrego trips out 9 Transmission and 11 Distribution poles reported down 1056 total customers restored during outage Load (kw) :15 13:55 14:35 15:15 15:55 16:35 17:15 17:55 18:35 19:15 19:55 20:35 21:15 21:55 22:35 23:15 23:55 0:35 1:15 1:55 2:35 3:15 3:55 4:35 5:15 5:55 6:35 7:15 7:55 8:35 9:15 9:55 10:35 11:15 11:55 12:35 13:15 13:55 14:35 15:15 15:55 16:35 Borrego Microgrid 40

41 CES - Borrego Flood Outage 9/6-7 No outage seen at St. Vincent CES unit site 41

42 Significance and Impact First large scale utility microgrid Actually island real customers Alternative service delivery model Provide advanced technologies for future applications Establish model to be used by other utilities

43 ugrid Network 43

44 Questions? Thank You Lee Krevat Director Smart Grid & Clean Transportation