A Review on Modern Hybrid Tricycle for Handicapped Person

Transcription

1 A Review on Modern Hybrid Tricycle for Handicapped Person Prof.P.R.Jawale 1, Mr.A.R.Gabhane 2, Ms.K.G.Baje 3, Mr.D.B.Lakade 4, Mr.D.N.Patil 5 Department of Electrical Engineering 1, 2, 3, 4, faculty of Electrical Engineering 1 2, 3, 4, 5 Students of Electrical Engineering paragjawale88@gmail.com 1,avigabhane19@gmail.com 2, komalbaje2288@gmail.com 3 dipaklakade4@gmail.com 4, Deepak.xaviers@gmail.com 5 Abstract- In rural and city areas, is cheap for transporting purpose for short distance. Tricycle is generally propelled by human energy. The disabled person generally used the Hand Powered Tricycles in this community, but some most of the hand powered s do not have the physical strength or coordination to propel themselves on the s with their arms and hands. The design factors of all are considered by analyzing the problems of handicapped persons. This paper gives the idea about the research papers related various technologies of. Various kinds of technology of s are here discussed as well as compared also. Index Terms- Brushless DC motor, Tricycle, Battery, IC Engine, Generator. find power supply to recharge the battery or else they need to paddle the that used more energy 1. INTRODUCTION compare to the normal because of the weight. One of the major problems that we face on day to day life is Energy Crisis. Our paper is one of the 2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRICYCLE solutions for energy crisis. Tricycle wildly used the DESIGN purpose of the transportation in India and mostly used the handicap person because physically handicap. Basically is three wheel design and used hand 2.1 Paddle Tricycle power or manual drive. The regular rider is unable to drive because of some injury and A hand power works in the same way as a bicycle as it uses a chain system with pedals to drive more effort and suffer. The several types of the wheels. Excepts, in the case of a hand power that can be chosen such as paddle, motorized the chain is attached to hand pedals, allowing and electric. In this paper solar the user much more efficient propulsion than would will make use the energy of the sun that rarely using the India to generate the. Then hybrid be provide from the push rims on a. In most gives energy from the sun and the battery developing countries, people with disabilities do not have the opportunity of adapted roads, ramps, or charged with the help of portable charger. handicapped accessible transportation. As a result As what had been mentioned earlier there s users often depend on own power for long are several types of that can be categorized that is paddle motorized and electric. and short distance travel. The weakness of the that makes people does not like to use. First, paddle needs a Design and description lot of energy to paddle the the user will surely The design project allows us to get a fundamental be tired after used. This will not suitable for understanding of how materials and the technique of student to use go to the class because they will be that design are used in real world situations, with real tired when they are in the class and will lost their world application. We were required to design a concentration while hearing the lecture. Next, that can safely withstand 150 kg and an motorized that use fuel as a prime mover. The acceleration of 4.6 m/s2. This design was done first, use fuel that is costly. As a student their on the individual parts to ensure that each portion of allowance is limited and only can be used for their the was capable of supporting the stresses study material and for their food to survive at their induced by the forces and reactions acting on them. campus. Besides their motorized will make After making educated assumptions, analysis was pollution that can be very bad for our environment in performed on the individual parts, and finally on the this period that global warming happen to the earth. total design for the final testing. Lastly, electric that generate by battery can be A lot of design could be generated further by only be sufficient for about an hour. The user needs to effective use of various designs and by combining various components used. The proposed concepts in 113

2 this study may offer some ease of adjustability and simple construction. Then an advantage of its paddle is easy to used, low maintenance, low cost and ecofriendly it does not cause any type of pollution. Fig: 1 Review of paddle Existing design and response In this work, the various limitations in the existing s have been evaluated. In typical product development process, the product is generally evaluated based on specific set of design criteria such as cost, functionality, safety, maintenance, durability, etc. Ease of Transportation, Compactness, Comfort, Material used, tire size, weight and quickness to fold, etc. The most important part of the design is the incorporation of the fuel powered system which was added to improve the efficiency of the and to make life more comfortable for the physically challenged persons. A spark ignition automatic single speed two- stroke engine was chosen for this design and consideration was also given to the weight of the user in which a maximum weight of 75kg was used Design and Description The enables the user to travel a long distances within a short period of time, with ease and without any difficulties. The design of a motorized is an improvement on the existing ones. It is carried out to benefit the user conveniently, physically, and comfortably such that when a little effort is exerted, a greater output (movement) is achieved as a result of the fast transmission generated by the motorized system. The aim of this technique is to provide a good living condition for people considered to be physically challenged (disabled), to transport themselves around their environment. Fig: 2 Model of paddle One of the main disadvantages in existing s is that they are found to be fixed and does not provide adjustable features to the users. According to the anthropometric data of Indians, Back rest, Foot rest, Crank position are not adjustable in the existing designs. Thus, huge torque requirement during high terrain climbing results in early tiredness. Fixed crank and non-adjustable seat in the existing models increases back pain and muscle fatigue of the individual. 2.2 Motorized Tricycle Fig: 3 Motorized A fuel- powered engine which contains the mechanical breaking system was included in the design. Shaft of specified design and bearings were also included for proper transmission. Disabled persons are faced with the task of climbing (ascending road), high terrain or accelerating down it. This is actually due to the step-up drive of the since greater torque is required during hill climbing. To neglect this problem a chain sprocket drive has been included in the design so as to achieve a better torque. Some of the component parts of the are: chains, footrest, wheel, rims (circular shaft), spokes, sprockets and chain assembly, seat, shaft, and brakes. This motorized are easy to used there is no need of handicapped person to paddle the by its own power, by used of this will run maximum speed and long distance Testing and Results Testing on the prototype is done which included bump testing, steering testing etc. and the results obtained were quite satisfactory. This design provides scope to add advancement in various aspects of working and 114

3 mechanism for future development. The objectives of the design and fabrication of a motorized using available local materials was successful to a great extent and it was discovered that the will lessen the burden of the disabled people due to its affordability. 2.3 Electric Tricycle Electrical energy is one of alternative energy used in automotive industry now days. A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells, which store chemical energy and make it available in an electrical form and used to move loads. The first demonstration electric vehicles were made in 1830s and commercial vehicles were available by the end of the 19th century Design and Description The design of the Electric Tricycle is adaptable to the current hand-powered s with little modification. The design consists of an electric motor, a drive system, motor and steering controls, and a power supply. See picture below for design schematic: combustion engines and have function as electric bicycles. Electric bicycles are generally powered by rechargeable batteries. These are normally charged from the utility supply (mains), with perhaps the option of using the motor to effect regenerative braking or charging while being pedaled or rolling downhill. Electric motorized s are either power-on-demand, where the motor is activated by a handlebar mounted throttle, or pedelec (from pedal electric), where the electric motor is regulated by pedaling. These may have a mechanism such as a crank sensor to detect when the user is pedaling, or a more sophisticated torque sensor. But, for this technique, no pedal is used to run the and fully powered by battery and electric supply. 2.4 Solar Power Tricycle Electric vehicles, which use 100% electric power, use electric motors instead of an internal combustion engine to provide motive force. Solar power vehicles (SPVs) use photovoltaic (pv) cells to convert sunlight into electricity. The electricity goes either directly to an electric motor powering the vehicle, or to a special storage battery. PV cells produce electricity only when the sun is shining. Fig: 4 Block Diagram of Electric Tricycle An electric motor was chosen because high fuel costs prohibited the use of a combustion engine. The first aspect of our design that was addressed was the drive system or means of power transmission. Power must be transmitted from the electric motor to a rear wheel of the. Second, a method of motor control was decided on. The controls for motor speed and braking were incorporated into a simple mechanical joystick to facilitate operation by users with limited dexterity. The hand-power system was replaced with a steering system that disables the hand-power capability of the. Third, power is supplied to the motor by a battery pack. All the above components (motor, transmission, controls, and batteries) were designed to be able to be installed on the existing hand-powered s Working Operation A motorized is a three wheeled bicycle with an attached motor used to assist with pedaling. Generally considered as a vehicle, s are usually powered by electric motors or small internal Fig: 5 Model of Solar Tricycle Design and Description The will consist of following components: Solar Panel Brushless DC motor Battery Charge Controller Throttle. The following components are shown on the block diagram provided below: 115

4 Fig. 6 Block Diagram The above mention block diagram gives us a detail about the positioning of the components on the body of the. The motor which is a prime mover of the is placed at the bottom of the seat which is connected to the axle of the cycle through chain drive. The motor gets the power from the battery which is rechargeable either from the main source of electricity or from the solar panels, which are kept on the top of the. The solar panel is a module which contains number of solar cells which are connected either in series or in parallel, thus it converts the solar energy into electric energy to charge the battery. Since the electricity generated by the solar panel is fluctuating therefore it requires a DC charge controller which converts the fluctuating current or electric power into a constant electric supply which is the provided to charge the batter by the charge controller. By usage of this solar power its advantages are, it is ecofriendly and thus causes no pollution, it will reduce effort of handicapped person, it is very cheap as compared to other motorized Working Operation On body we fixed seat, battery support and panel supporting rods. For solar panel, battery and seat support we used angular rods. Total weight of the loaded solar (with a person) is 120 kg. As a transport for the physically disabled people the overall safety, stability, reliability, control, comforts etc. are a very much important and taken in to consideration while designing it. However, the general points of consideration during the designing of the solar threewheeler are: simplicity, strength, stability, safety, corrosion and wear, weight, size, flexibility, ease of control, modularity, efficient extraction of solar energy, effective use of solar energy and energy storage, all terrain tires for all terrain traffic ability/mobility. Specification of the Proposed Tricycle Components: Solar panel: 12 Volt, 75 W = 2 Nos. Brushless DC motor: 24 Volt, Power rating is 250 W, 300 rpm. Battery: 12 Volt = 2 Nos. Maximum load capacity: 90 kg. Fig: 7 Diagram of the solar power system The block diagram of the solar power system used in the project gives the overall working structure of the system. Initially the solar panel is placed on the top of the, which converts the solar energy to electrical energy, is connected to the battery in order to charge it with the help of a charge controller, the charge controller coverts the fluctuating/pulsating flow of electric charge into constant flow of electric charge which can be supplied to the battery to charge it. Now, the battery supplies the required amount of power to the DC motor, which is connected to the axle of the wheel. A throttle is provided to control or maintain the speed of the. 2.5 IC Engine and Motor Power Tricycle About 80 lakhs rickshaws play all over India in both rural and urban areas. It has been observed that most of these rickshaws are of age-old design, and consequently design and manufacturing are not in an organized sector. Therefore, the present study is concerned with design and development of a hybrid human, mechanical, and electric powered for short city trips as an alternative mode of transport. Conventional human powered s are simply available in different cities in India Design and Description The hybrid vehicle (HV) is powered by both a gasoline engine and electric motor. The HV runs using power from an internal combustion engine and electric motor. The engine provides most of the vehicle s power, and the electric motor provides additional power when needed, such as accelerating and passing. This is a developmental design of existing rickshaw available in road. Some standard parts of a commercially available rickshaw and bicycle are selected as standard components requirement. They include chain and sprocket, freewheel, wheel and axle, etc. Standard motorcycle and scooter ball bearings were selected instead of conventional rickshaw bearing to get less frictional resistance in shafts. Material selection of the chassis plays crucial part in providing the desired strength, endurance, safety and reliability to the vehicle. 116

5 use. The battery continues to power auxiliary systems, such as the air conditioning and dashboard displays. Fig: 8 3D model of IC Engine and motor power based This IC engine and motor features are small fuel-efficient gas engine combined with an electric motor that assists the engine when accelerating. The present studies concerned with design and development of a hybrid human, mechanical, and electric powered for short city trips as an alternative mode of transport. The electric motor is powered by batteries that recharge automatically while you drive. Five main parts make up the hybrid vehicle: the battery, internal combustion engine (ICE), generator, and power split device, and electric motor. An effort has been directed to design a light weight, high strength, and ergonomically designed both human pulled and electric powered hybrid rickshaws. Moreover, this design uses mono shock absorber that is safe for drivers when the bumping takes place. Usage of this hybrid power, its advantages are, it deliver maximum load and more space of seating on, it is provide a which required less effort to ride, it covers more distance due to the power of hybrid energy Theory of Operation for Hybrid Tricycle When the driver steps on the pedal the generator converts energy from the engine into electricity and stores it in the battery. The battery then provides power to the electric motor. The internal combustion engine and electric motor work simultaneously and each provide power to the power split device. The power split device combines both powers and uses it to turn the transmission. The transmission then turns the wheels and propels the vehicle. The energy used when braking is converted into electricity and stored in the battery. When braking, the electric motor is reversed so that, instead of using electricity to turn the wheels, the rotating wheels turn the motor and create electricity. Using energy from the wheels to turn the motor slows the vehicle down. When the vehicle is stopped, the gasoline engine and electric motor shut off automatically so that energy is not wasted in not much 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM This modern hybrid is works on the dual power supply, such as on solar energy and battery charged with the help of portable charger. Also there is provision for reverse motion of vehicle with same speed such as in terms of with help of speedometer. Speedometer calibrates receiving pulses with the speed. we can gives safety indication with help of display, horn, alarm. This thing makes the system more advanced. Here we can use the electrical braking system like regenerative braking. Maximum parameters are controls with help of motor controller. 2.6 Comparison between paddle, motorized, electric, solar and IC engine and electric motor power. Param eter Mainte nance Applica tion Distanc e Paddle Low maintena nce Low cost, simple design 7-8 Motoriz ed Wheels Engine Fuel/gas Lights High speed, easy to use Weight 50-75kg kg Electric Not much required maintenan ce Simple or easy to used Solar power Less maintena nce Ecofrien dly, easy to use IC Engine and motor power Wheels Engine Battery Electric motor Less effort to ride kg kg kg Engine - Used - - used Chargin g time Cost Rs 5000 to hr hr - Rs to Rs 8000 to CONCLUSION Rs to The purpose of this paper is to describe the different technology used to produce an efficient and which generally propelled by human energy. Besides that, to design a with high efficiency and greater flexibility. One of the major lessons we have learned is that designing an appropriate technology is Rs to

6 a huge challenge. Appropriate is more than just availability for replication, it considers longevity, reliability, and efficiency. REFERENCES [1] Aditya Soni, Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Sandipan Bandyopadhyay, Adjustable Hand-cranked Tricycle for Mobility Disabled. [2] Muetze, A.; Tan, Y.C, Performance evaluation of electricbicycles,pp vol.4, IndustryApplicationsConference,2005.IASAnnual Meeting. [3] M. Reddi Sankar, T. Pushpaveni, Design and Development of Solar Assisted Bicycle. [4] M.R. Hickman, A Study of Power Assists for Bicycle. 118