Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 38 Pages Hybrid Drive Systems 48 Points. Automotive Service

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1 Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 38 Pages Hybrid Drive Systems 48 Points Automotive Service

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3 Hybrid abbreviated version of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); a type of vehicle that uses two types of propulsion. Híbrido La versión abreviada de vehículo eléctrico híbrido (HEV); Un tipo de vehículo que usa dos tipos de propulsión.

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6 There are about 1.1 million hybrid vehicles on the road and some experts say that within 5 years, 20 25% of all new car & light truck sales will have hybrid powertrains.

7 1. A vehicle uses 2 individual power sources to provide energy for propulsion.

8 2. A hybrid vehicle has an gas internal combustion engine and an electric drive system combined into one vehicle power train. Diesel Electric Gas Electric Plug in

9 3. The extremely high and high stored and generated by gas electric hybrid drive trains are the primary safety concerns when working on these vehicles. High Voltage & High Current

10 4. About 110 years ago (1898) built a car that used a small internal combustion engine to spin a large electric generator. Reprimand Ferdinand On Demand

11 5. The 6 major assemblies working in unison under the computer control to propel a hybrid vehicle and to operate its electrical accessory systems are: The high voltage (many cells wired in series) The (that can change functions between propulsion & generation) The (high voltage electronics to either invert or convert ac & dc) The (an electronic control unit that monitors and controls) (large, insulated conductors, often bright orange in color) The (either gasoline or diesel for highway speeds)

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13 6. The gas electric hybrid uses a conventional system to fuel the engine ICE Fuel Injection Spark Ignition Compression Ratio

14 7. The motor generator is used to both the vehicle and to help the vehicle. Power & Stop Limit & Advance Afford & Payoff

15 8. A vehicle that uses the motor generator to initially accelerate and only runs the engine when the battery pack becomes discharged is known as a: [ ] full hybrid [ ] mild hybrid

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17 9. A vehicle propelled by its internal combustion engine only and then shuts it down for coasting, braking, or stopping and then quickly restarts it when the brake pedal is released is a: [ ] full hybrid [ ] mild hybrid

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19 10. Mild hybrids often have a or a volt electrical accessory system for EPS & HVAC. (But also have a standard 12 volt system for lighting & accessories) 6 or or or 100

20 11. When describing or classifying Hybrid Drive Train Configurations: Have a separate Generator & Traction Motor [ X ] series [ ] parallel [ ] series parallel Motor Generator cannot simultaneously drive & recharge [ ] series [ X ] parallel [ ] series parallel **Can use any combination of drive & recharge!! [ ] series [ ] parallel [ X ] series parallel

21 Have a separate Generator & Traction Motor [X] series [ ] parallel [ ] series parallel

22 Motor Generator can t simultaneously drive the vehicle & recharge the battery pack [ ] series [X] parallel [ ] series parallel

23 Can use any combination of drive & recharge! [ ] series [ ] parallel [X] series parallel

24 Series Parallel Series Parallel

25 A series parallel hybrid design allows the vehicle to operate in electric motor mode only or in combination with the internal combustion engine. Automotive Service

26 A drawing of the power flow in a typical series hybrid vehicle.

27 This diagram shows the components included in a typical series hybrid design. The solid line arrow indicates the transmission of torque to the drive wheels. The dottedline arrows indicate the transmission of electrical current.

28 The power flow in a typical parallel hybrid vehicle. Automotive Service

29 Diagram showing the components involved in a typical parallel hybrid vehicle. The solid line arrows indicate the transmission of torque to the drive wheels, and the dotted line arrows indicate the flow of electrical current.

30 BELT ALTERNATOR STARTER SYSTEMS (BAS) The belt system, called the belt alternator starter (BAS), is the least expensive system that can still claim the vehicle is a hybrid. For many buyers, cost is a major concern and the BAS system allows certain hybrid features without an entire redesign of the engine and power train. Consumers can upgrade to BAS hybrids at a reasonable cost and will get a 2% to 5% increase in fuel economy, mostly affecting city mileage. BAS replaces the belt driven alternator with an electric motor that serves as a generator and motor. When the engine is running the motor, acting as a generator will charge a separate 36 volt battery (42 volt charging voltage). When the engine needs to be started again after being in idle stop, the BAS motor cranks the engine by taking power from the 36 volt battery pack and applies its torque via the accessory belt

31 The BAS system is used in the Saturn VUE hybrid SUV.

32 12. hybrids can be connected to 120 volt home outlet to fully recharge the battery pack. Plug in Re fill Up date

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34 12. hybrids can be connected to 120 volt home outlet to fully recharge the battery pack. Plug in Re fill Up date

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36 The 6 modes of full hybrid drive system operation are: All electric drive mode Motor assist mode Idle stop mode Regenerative braking mode Engine starting mode Battery pack recharging mode

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41 19. braking uses the kinetic energy of normal stopping to recharge the high voltage battery pack. NOTE: During quick, hard braking the conventional hydraulic system is used. Regurgitate Regenerative My Generation

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43 20. Hybrids use 2 voltage systems, the high voltage system for the drive system and a volt system for the vehicle s conventional electrical & electronic components including the computer systems

44 21. The hybrid high voltage system can range from to volts ac or dc That s deadly! 140 to to to 100

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46 22. High voltage power cables are large in diameter and easily identified by their bright color. Yellow Blue Orange

47 WARNING: Power remains in the high voltage electrical system for up to 10 minutes after the HV battery pack is shut off. Never touch, cut, or open any orange high voltage power cable or high voltage component without confirming that the high voltage has been completely discharged.

48 Jump Starting The 12 volt auxiliary battery may be jumpstarted if the vehicle does not start. The 12 volt auxiliary battery is often located under the hood but can also be located in the cargo area of some HEVs.

49 The full hybrid motor generator or MG has 4 basic functions: Helps power the and propel the vehicle the high voltage battery pack the internal combustion engine Helps to and the vehicle

50 Ford Escape Automotive Service

51 Ford Fusion

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53 That software challenge has now been conquered, says a Southern California company called Plug In Conversions Corporation (PICC). The company reports it has completed a breakthrough software upgrade that allows its Prius plug in conversion kit to allow driving up to 70 miles per hour on battery power alone. In the past, PICC says that Toyota programming has limited plug in conversions to an electric top speed of 34 mph unless the electric motor was forced to run above its recommended speed range, so this is quite the accomplishment. The software upgrade is based on technology developed by Ewert Energy Systems, which has granted PICC exclusive rights for its use in Prius plug in conversions.

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57 27. The MG is usually a synchronous ac permanent, brushless motor generator design. Magnet Vacation Disability

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62 28. A can step DC voltage either up or down. Converter Inverter Reverter

63 29. An can either change DC to AC or AC to DC. Converter Inverter Reverter

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70 30. The is a planetary gearset used to control the transfer of power through the hybrid drive train. It is computer controlled.

71 30. The is a planetary gearset used to control the transfer of power through the hybrid drive train. It is computer controlled.

72 31. For safety against short circuits and electrocution, interrupters, impact sensors or switches and high voltage fuses are used in hybrid systems. Ground Fault & Inertia Power Fault & Inertia Nobody s Fault & Inertia

73 32. Hybrid systems can be cooled by coolant, by blower fan circulating past the battery pack, and/or by a separate R 134a refrigerant cooling system. Engine & Air Passenger & Air Refrigerant & Air

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75 33. The hybrid power display informs the driver with a light, a warning light, a warning light, and a conventional MIL. Drive Ready, Master, Battery Pack

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78 34. Besides wearing safety glasses, removing all conductive jewelry, and creating a high voltage buffer zone when working on hybrids, OHSA approved gloves with a volt insulation value must be worn

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80 Use of a warning cover over the steering wheel helps others realize that work is being performed on the high voltage system and that no one is to attempt to start or move the vehicle. A lock box is a safe location to keep the ignition keys of a hybrid electric vehicle while it is being serviced. Notice that this lock box has two separate locks so it would require two people to open, helping to insure that no harm is done by accidentally attempting to start a HEV.

81 Insulated tools, such as this socket set, would provide an additional margin of safety to the service technician when working around high voltage components and systems.

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98 GM Future Car By: Dustin Westphal

99 The Power Cell GM Skateboard car, powered by Hydrogen...four wheel drive electric engines, powered by the electricity produced by the hydrogen fuel cell. water is the only emission.

100 How it Works

101 Part Description

102 Hydrogen Fuel Cell for Power

103 Hy Wire Hy wire is a descendant of the GM Autonomy released at the 2002 North American International Auto show. The Autonomy is a car which combines a hydrogen fuel cell with drive by wire technology. These technologies in combination allow all the mechanicals of the car to reside as a separate component to the body and passenger space. A single docking port provides the electrical connection between the chassis and body. There are 10 pick up points where the body mounts the chassis. Such few attachments provide maximum flexibility when designing a body.