Jersey Bridges Falling Down?: Report on New Jersey's Bridges and an Evaluation of the Bridge Bond Act

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1 Seton Hall University Seton Hall Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses Jersey Bridges Falling Down?: Report on New Jersey's Bridges and an Evaluation of the Bridge Bond Act Teresa Ann Brode Seton Hall University Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Construction Engineering Commons, Engineering Commons, and the Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons Recommended Citation Brode, Teresa Ann, "Jersey Bridges Falling Down?: Report on New Jersey's Bridges and an Evaluation of the Bridge Bond Act" (2001). Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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33 A Transportation Vision For the Century Governor Chnstine Todd VJtutman Commissioner Chairman of Board, N.J TRANSIT May 1998

34 Fellow Travel Companions: 20th century has been a transportation odyssey for our nation our state, an incredible journey born of imagination and transformed into reality by the will of visionaries, many of whom called New Jersey home. From the conquest of the skies to the construcbon of jet-powered ferries, mankind gained abrlity to reach any destination on earth with and safely. From beginning of this voyage, New Jersey has been in the forefront. intellects at work il1 Garden State were responsible for major innovations and technological breakthroughs that determine how we travel, whether it be by road, raa. water or air. Jersey will continue to a trendsetter as we cross the bridge to tomorrow. The 20th century was one of construction. We great rasroads, modern highways, deep-water ports and international airports. All, in their own right, were remarkable accomplishments. But that was also their shortcoming. They were 111d1vidual accomplishments. Too often, they stood separate and alone and at odds with our quality of lrfe. The 21st century must be one of connection. diverse transportation system must become integrated intermoda!. Transportation can no looger seen as just a way to travel to and from communities, but a way to enhance the economy of communities and the quality of life of the people who live there. In the future, trensoortation must part of the souton to the problems of air quality, urban decay and unemployment - not part of the l)(oblem. It will be the thread use to weave an attraclive and durable community cloth. It will be a means lo Uflify New Jersey and revitalize the region. It ri coosistent with and support the State Development and Redevelopment Pfan. touches the lives of everyone. It figures into decisions about where to hve, where to work, where to where to go to school and where to escape!or vacation. The investments we make in our transportation system today wim greatly impact shape of things to come tomorrow. Our economy, our environment. our preservation of open space, our energy resources, very quality of the Ms we lead depend on our ability, our wiffingness, to make right choices. Dur history and our record of achievement show we have creative ingenuity to needs to done. The people of New Jersey have never failed to respond to a challenge once they know what is at stake. To that we have formulated a vision for the 21st century knovm as New Jersey FIRST ffuture Investments Reinvestmeot in State Transportation). This program, higmghts of which are olllli"led on following pages. is a commitment to future generations. It is a blueprint for a workf.class transportation system that will expand mobility options, strengthen the fabric of our communities and make New Jersey an oosurpassed leader in the new century that is at our doorstep. It will provide the resources necessary to improve the movement of people and goods, by traditional means and in ways awaiting discovery 111 the minds of scholars. It sets six ambitious, but attainable visions supported by more than 175 actions through the year It is geographicauy balanced and environmentally friendly. It encourages community involvement, invites private sector particrpation promotes 1nd1Vidual responsibility. It creates JQbS, promotes tcwism and it help rev.talize our cities. We have good reason to be proud of our past. New Jersey FIRST will give us new reasons to be proud 111 the future. New Jersey FIRST is our map to a new millennium. Let us use it as our guide to make the crossing together. The fume begins here. - Governor Christine Todd Whitman

35 New Jersey On the Move and On Time Fix It First We Know What's Broken. New Jersey: Safety First A Sale Transportation System Is No Accident. It Takes P1anning And Work. s New Jersey & You: Perfect Together. But Where's The Exit? New Jersey the Beautiful.. We're Getting Better All The Tune. New Jersey: A Global Gateway We've Got The Goods. New Jersey Findings

36 '' Just because New Jersey is the most densely populated state doesn't mean it has to be the most congested. '' New Jersey has the most comprehensive and integrated transportation system in the nation. We have more than 35,900 miles of public roads, 6,300 bridges and 51 public use airports. NJ TRANSIT is the third largest agency of its type in the country with 173 million riders annually. Our transit network includes more than 470 miles of track, 160 tram stations, 3,000 buses and 700 rail cars. Although NJ TRANSIT is the largest public transportation service provider in the state, one-third of the bus transportation in New Jersey is provided by 110 pnvate companies. Together, public and pnvate carriers serve every region of the state, from small towns and suburbs to heavily populated cities. Transit is vital to New Jersey's economic survival. With eight million residents and more than 1,066 people per square mile, it's the most densely populated state in the nation. Without a large array of mobility options, the result would be gridlock. that provides diverse and convenient travel choices. New Jersey FIRST Improve the 25 most congested vehicular hot spots within 5 years and the 40 most congested within 10 years. Construct missing highway links that are essential our regional mobility strategy. For example, the New Jersey Turnpike/Secaucus Interchange and long-time commitments, like Route New Brunswick, be constructed. Eliminate the traffic signals on the Garden State Parkway in Cape May County by Establish intennodal access points to connect the interstate highway system and the commuter rail system. 25 MOST CONGESTED LOCATIONS - I

37 Complete three advanced design light rail projects by Work has already started on the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail System. Early next year, construction will begin on the 1rntia! operating segment of the Southern New Jersey Light Rail System. By the turn of this century, work will start on a one-mile extension of the Newark City Subway to link the Broad Street Station with Newark Penn Station. Begin construction of Phase 2 of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail System in Commence construction on two other rail projects, from an already developed list of by the year Empower counties so they can coordinate and expand community-based transit services. This w1!1 be achieved through a newly developed local aid program. We will promote increased mobility choices for those areas not covered by conventional transit services. Work communities to create "transit villages" around rail stations that will maximize existing services and attract private invesbnent. Our goal is to establish two demonstration projects by the year Provide additional direct access to midtown Proposed Sooth Jersey Light Rail Manhattan by expanding the capacity of our rail system and the Northeast Corridor. Urge AMTRAK to add extra Metroliner stops in the state. Create advisory committee on private bus carriers within the Department of Transportation. This committee win cement working relationships, explore common problems and help redefine government's role in providing transit services. Enhance service at, and access to, Newark International Airport and Atlantic City International Airport to accommodate growth. We will expand the monorail that connects outlying parking areas with passenger terminals at Newark International Airport to connect with the Northeast Corridor Rail line. We will also provide direct access from Atlantic City International Airport to the Atlantic City Expressway. Assure the continued vitality of general aviation airports. Supplement existing ferry routes - new high-speed ferry service on greater stretches of our navigable waterways. Through the formation of pubhc-pnvate partnerships or other funding options, high-speed ferries will be deployed to start new routes, especially ones that will attract vacationers and strengthen New Jersey's tourism industry. Monorail stereo. Newark lntemabonal Airport Challenge New Jersey's colleges and universities to find better ways to move people and goods. We wilt use seed money to fund a joint project that tests a breakthrough in transportation technology. I

38 II Th ere rs. no rewar d in. procras 1 ma 1 ion. There is nothing benign about neglect. New Jersey will renew and sustain its infrastructure. We have made an enormous investment in our highway, bridge, rail, port and aviation facilities. This infrastructure is the backbone of our transportation system and will continue to be - far into the next century. Maintaining our transportation network is essential if we are to achieve the maximum useful life of our investments. Underfunding maintenance today will necessitate billions of dollars m future repairs. This is not a legacy we wish to leave the next generation. Our vision in the 21st century is to intensify repair and maintenance efforts. We will catch up, and we will keep pace with future needs., New Jersey FIRST Roule 46 bridge ccnstncucn the year 2010, New Jersey - Eliminate arr bridge deficiencies on rts national highways; - Reduce the backlog of all other state bridge deficiencies by 50 percent and local bridge deficiencies by 25 percent; - Correct all deficiencies on state highway dams; - Replace all deficient state highway pavement; and - Resolve all serious flooding problems on state roadways. lmplement a full preventive maintenance program for all state roads and bridges within years. I

39 Replace every overage bus in fleet with one that runs on the best fuel technology. A substantial portion of the state's bus fleet operated by NJ TRANSIT and private carriers is presently overage. To ensure safe operations and minimize operating budget outlays, at least 1,400 buses will be replaced within the next five years. Replace 424 rail cars and 17 locomotives within 10 years to continue high on-time performance, sustain customer satisfaction and ensure safe operations. Upgrade the top 20 passenger stations that are most in need of repair in concert with local communities. Increase investments in our tracks and rail yards so that rail on time performance remains high. Improve the effectiveness of the NJDOrs operations and the speed of project delivery by installing the latest information management systems. I

40 II We are committed to making the safest we can.'' all forms of travel in New Jersey Public safety has been a goal of our government since the founding of the nation. It has remained a constant through the centuries, and it will remain one of New Jersey's fundamental principles in the next. Protection of the traveling public is the paramount objective in the delivery of transportation services. New Jersey will intensify its efforts to make travel by car, bus, rail, air, water, bicycle - and by foot - safe. We will exploit every opportunity to enhance the safety and security of travelers to the fullest. Car, truck, train and bus inspections will continue to ensure that safety standards are maintained. New technology and practices, from automatic train braking systems and mobile units used to check the safety of trucks to the latest in signals and "traffic calming devices, will be applied to make New Jersey's transportation system the safest possible. Our vision for the 21st century is to use public education, law enforcement and innovative engineering to make travel a safe, secure and enjoyable experience. New Jersey FIRST Cut auto fatalities by 25 percent and pedestrian fatalities by 50 percent by We will accomplish this by a variety of strategies including employing safety technology, improving highway design and working with communities and school systems to heighten public awareness and responsibility. Working with local communities, identify and improve the top 100 street locations in New Jersey that pose a potential threat to drivers and pedestrians, especially school children and senior citizens, by the year I

41 Complete the delineation of barrier curb and guide rails and the installation of raised pavement markers in two years. Upgrade all guide rails within two years to minimize harm to drivers and passengers involved in collisions. Increase safety railroad crossings. NJ TRANSIT will complete installation of its automatic train control and positive train stop systems. The two major freight carriers serving New Jersey, Norfolk & Southern and CSX, win adopt these safety enhancements. NJ TRANSIT w1!1 also intensify its pubfc education efforts, especially in the schools. Helping citizens follow common sense safety precautions is our goal. Seek federal authority to direct through truck traffic onto divided highways while we guarantee local access. Offer off peak discount tolls to truck fleets immediately and all trucks that use the New Jersey Turnpike when E ZPass is implemented. Continue to support existing state and federal truck size and weight limitations. Invest in mobile computerized equipment to strengthen our truck inspection capability on the road. Mobile checkpoints would enable law enforcement officers to catch overweight and poorly maintained trucks that try to avoid roadside inspections. Build more rest stops for truckers In partnership the private sector and local community involvement. WelJ.rested drivers are more alert and stand a better chance of avoiding accidents. Develop and maintain an up-tc-dete database of accidents and characteristics of the entire roadway system. I

42 '' We need a transportation system that not only gets people where they want to go, but one that gets them there quicker, safer, smarter and more conveniently.jj Just imagine getting up in the morning, turning on the computer and finding out the best way to get to work, any destination in New Jersey. Picture driving to the train station without having to stop for a toll. All electronic message board warns of an accident ahead and suggests an alternate route to avoid delay. You get to the station and a message board tells you when your tram will arrive - not when it is scheduled to arrive, but when it will actually pull into the station. You're on time - and so ls the train. An impossible dream? Not in the 21st century. Technology capable of transforming the hassle of traveling to work or taking a summer trip to the Jersey Shore into a pleasant experience is within our grasp. We are committed to making New Jersey travel-friendly because there is nothing more frustrating than sitting in traffic, or getting caught by one red light after another because the signals aren't synchronized, or becoming lost for lack of a simple sign. We may not be able to send manned spacecraft to the moons orbiting Jupiter, as Arthur C. Clarke envisioned in his work but we don't have to be stuck going in circles on Earth. Our vision for the 21st century is to use existing and cutting-edge technology so commuters have access to real time travel information and the ability to select the most efficient route to their destination. New Jersey FIRST Provide E-ZPass on all toll roads, bridges and tunnel crossings. I

43 Have two smart highway corridors operational within five years. The South Jersey Urban Commuting Corridor, which addresses the needs of commuters within Camden and Burlington counties, and the Interstate Route 80 Corridor in North Jersey will be the first beneficiaries of 'intelligent" technology. Motorists w11! have instant access to road conditions, accident information, emergency weather bulletins and the avanatnhty of alternative routes. We will expand emergency service patrols. Install new road signs that contain complete and clear information. The signs will tell travelers how far away their destination is, how distant major highways are and in what direction the highways will take them. They will also inform travelers about New Jersey's treasures. PRIORITY CORRIDORS l-80 Jersey l.fbao Create a regional transit fare carcl. New Jersey will develop and Implement high-tech and user-friendly motor vehicle services that will simplify procedures and make customer interaction with Motor Vehicle Services more convenient. NJ TRANSIT and the Port Authority wih provide ra commuters with a fare card accepted by NJ TRANSIT and PATH to launch the project. A New Jersey "smart card" wil extend the program to all transit systems. Install a computerized data information system at selected railroad stations so commuters have access to real time updates on train arrivals and departures. Build state-of-the-art visitor centers at major entry points to provide travel information and showcase New Jersey's tourist attractions. We will do this through public-private partnerships. The centers will include food services. interactive technology so visitors can access real time travel information, displays highlighting New Jersey's tourist attractions and business potential, facsimile ( and facihhes. and a farmer's market to promote "Jersey Fresh" agricultural produce. The first targeted location rs the South Jersey Gateway area near the Delaware Memorial Bridge. Pl.ANNING CORRIDORS '""""" 1,a,>1 3 CM!ral Jer Ncwth So<Jll1 '"""' --- I

44 '' I see a New Jersey where people have more leisure time and spend it on fields of green, where children can play and families dream.jj we invest in our transportation system, must sensitive to the needs of our comm.mrbes and recognize the limitation and value of our natural resources. One way in which we will achieve this goal is to pursue a transportation strategy that provides mobility while preserving the natural beauty of New Jersey. A transportation system should not only get people to and from communities, it should support local community objectives. Our vision for the 21st century is to provide a transportation system that does not divide communities, but brings them together. Our system will give people greater access to places where they can play and relax. It will also pay attention to aesthetic detail and work in harmony with the environment. New Jersey FIRST Ensure that newly designed highway projects are consistent the State Development and Redevelopment Plan (SDRPJ, incorporate standards to assess transportation projects consistent with the SDRP and construct only limited access highways to discourage sprawl. Build 2,000 miles of bicycle paths. We have included $15 million in the current budget to launch this initiative, which will significantly enhance the quality of life in New Jersey by expanding the use of alternative forms of transportation, providing more recreational opportunities, making the state more pedestrian friendly, reducing congestion, cleansing the air and improving public health. Establish five scenic byways within five years. Presently, there rs only one designated scenic bywey rn the state: Route 29, from Frenchtown to Trenton. The goal is to preserve the natural beauty along the length of the designated route. This is accomplished by protecting the route's aesthetic features, enhancing others and eliminating those details that detract from its natural beauty or character. II

45 Install new landscaping on all state highways serving as gateways to the state and its urban centers by the year Appropnate landscaping will rrorove the qualrty of life of travelers, reduce maintenance, lmt glare, provide a buffer between the highway and adjoining fand areas and make the state a more attractive location for work and play. Reserve a higher percentage of highway project funds for aesthetic enhancements. Embellishments, such as landscaping, architectural details and the use of textured materials will signrficantly improve the visual quality of the environment. These improvements will support communrty values and reflect the area's history. Plant two better trees for every one that must be removed during construction projects. Give community objectives full consideration. We will accomplish this through the Public Involvement Action Plan, with a goal to promote an ongong public partnership and ensure that regional transportation benefits are considered within a community context. It will be implemented by June 1. Establish a Customer Service Office to elevate the Department of Transportation's responsiveness to communities and individuals. Include parks and open space in the design and rehabilitation of highways. Establish three model corridors to demonstrate first-class maintenance efforts. The aim rs show what ts ahead for other state highways and to encourage smular efforts by counties and municipalities. The North Jersey showcase corridor will be 1-80 from the Delaware River to the New Jersey Turnpike. The Central Jersey showcase corridor will be from Route to Route The South Jersey showcase corndor will be from the Delaware Memorial Bridge to the Scudders Falls Bridge. These corridors will benefit from regular mowing of grass, more intensive litter pickup and other maintenance acnvlnes. Revitalize our Adopt-a-Highway and litter pickup programs through innovative approaches. Use transportation investments as a catalyst for urban development. The Governor's Urban Coordinating Council will identify eligible mumcipalrnes for financial assistance to revitalize neighborhoods, increase tax revenues and create jobs. BIKE &. SCENIC BYWAYS Delaware I

46 '' For more than two centuries, our ports have been a gateway to the world. By the year 2010, we can make them the world's premier gateway to America. New Jersey rs a doorway to America and a gateway to the world. We have two international airports - Newark and Atlantic City. Newark International Airport set an all-time record for passenger usage in 1997 as its cargo numbers continued to rise. About 30.8 million people flew in or out of the airport, which offers nonstop connections to more than 40 international destinations. But passengers are only half the story. More than a mlhon tons of cargo moved into or out of Newark last year as well. Together, Newark and JFK, the New York metropolitan region's other international airport, moved more cargo than Memphis, the world's busiest freight hub. Meanwhile, Atlantic City International Airport continued to grow and serve the booming casino industry while turning its sights to the stars. Last year, it showed an 18 percent increase in passengers. The volume of traffic reaching New Jersey by air ts surpassed only by the traffic reaching our shores by sea. The Port of New York and New Jersey, which includes Port Newark and Port Elizabeth, is the largest and busiest on the East Coast. Ocean-borne cargo arriving at the port is up 13 percent. At the same time, our ports along the Delaware are experiencing a rebirth and renewed vitality. With each passing year, more shippers from nations in Europe, Asia and Latin America are choosing New Jersey as their entry point to the lucrative American market. Already, we are the leading automobile import-export center in the United States. New Jersey's maritime ports, airports and distribution centers feed, clothe and otherwise provide for the needs of more than 75 million people. Today, New Jersey is the nation's #2 hub for intermodal freight distribution. Trucks move a mountain of goods through New Jersey daily. Every day, 324,000 tons of goods - made Just those ITT New Jersey - are carried by 134,000 trucks. The trucking industry alone directly employs one out of every 11 workers in the state - a quarter of a million employees with a payroll toppng $10 btlfion annually. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Ill

47 With the impending merger of Conrail by Norfolk Southern and CSX, New Jersey w11l have real rarl competition for the first time m more than 20 years. We must build on this new spmt of competition. Given its location on the Northeast Corridor and network of existing rail interconnections, New Jersey is in an ideal position to expand its role in this vital area. Freight transportation is currently the fourth largest industry in New Jersey. Our vision for the 21st century is to make New Jersey the #1 port and freight state in America. New Jersey FIRST Establish a quad-state Council on Regional Mobility. This panel, representing New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Delaware, will address transportation problems on a regional basis, promote the use of uniform technology and improve interstate rail, road, bridge and tunnel accesses that promote the movement of people and goods and strengthen the economy of the region. Target investments to make sure the ports of New Jersey are among the best in the world. In cooperation with bistate authorities and the private sector, we will make sure our ports can accommodate the jumbo ships of the future. We will continue dredging channels used by the Port of New York and New Jersey and expand the program to assist the Port of Philadelphia and Camden. Port of Philadelphia and Camden Support access improvements to projects that are regional economic anchors. Finance improvements to short lines to promote economic growth along existing rail freight routes. New Jersey's State Ra11 Plan currently identifies $20 million in needed improvements that meet carefully drawn public interest and cost/benefit tests. Under current guidelines, these projects will be eligible for state funds to cover 50 to 70 percent of the total cost. Build on the new spirit of rail competition stemming from the Conrail acquisition. Rail systems must move goods to and from our major port and air cargo facilities as efficiently, economically and Quickly as possible. Freight delivery times can no longer be measured in days. Hours are critical. Preserve part of the Marine Ocean Terminal, in partnership with the city of Bayonne, for use as a commercial deep-water port. Build Portway, a premier intennodal facilities connector, in conjunction the private sector. This dedicated truck service corridor win forge new and superior connectors within our northern seaport, rail and warehouse distribution system. I

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49 '' Some of the sharpest minds and brightest intellects are at work in New Jersey. It is to them we must turn. '' The first steam locomotive in America ran in New Jersey. The first stagecoach was born in New Jersey. The world's first regular steam ferry service began in New Jersey. The first ironclad ship was built in New Jersey. The world's first airplane manufacturing plant was located in New Jersey. The world's first airport was built in New Jersey. The world's first airplane passenger service was inaugurated in New Jersey. The first submarine was constructed in New Jersey. The first balloon flight in America took place in New Jersey. The world's longest man-made arch bridge is in New Jersey. The first scientifically-designed highway barrier used to separate opposing lanes of traffic and reduce head-on collisions was invented in New Jersey. The first cloverleaf intersection was built in New Jersey. The cable for suspension bridges was invented in New Jersey. NEW JERSEY FIRST WILL KEEP US #1

50