Health Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line:
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1 Vienna January, 2004 Health Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line: User Needs Dmitri SNEGOVSKI (Mech. Eng., PhD student) Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy University of Liege - Montefiore Institute of Electricity Belgium
2 Summary 1. Monitoring Problematics 2. Sag & Temperature Monitoring 3. Sensible Elements 4. Damage Diagnostics 5. Wind-Induced Vibrations 6. Vibration Measurement 7. Conclusions Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
3 1. What the User Needs NOT? New York - August 14, 2003 Black-Out in USA, initiated by increased conductor sag due to overheat Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
4 Concerns Ageing Increasing Power Loads Deregulation in Power Transmission Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
5 Impacts Wind Corrosion Contamination Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
6 What kind of monitoring user needs? Real-time & Permanent Nondestructive & Hotline Mounted Predictive, Secure, Controllable etc. Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
7 Why Real-time & Permanent? > Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
8 Why Real-time & Permanent? > Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery Wind-induced motion Ageing Prevent hazards Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
9 Why Real-time & Permanent? > Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery Sag and/or Temperature Monitoring Sag Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
10 Why Real-time & Permanent? > Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery Sag and/or Temperature Monitoring Sag Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
11 Why Real-time & Permanent? > Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery Sag and/or Temperature Monitoring Sag Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
12 2. Sag monitoring methods PTI, Inc. Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
13 Tension monitoring CAT monitor Load cells for tension monitoring SDG&E CAT monitor installed on a 230 kv anchor tower. Direct radio communications are established with the ground station (GS). GS dumps the data to the post via telephone line. Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
14 Sag monitoring Sagometer (EDM International, Inc.) Meteo (optional) Camera Target Datalogger & Communications Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
15 3.OHL Sensible elements 1. Conductors 2. Fittings (spacers, insulator chains, ) 3. Towers Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
16 Conductor damages Fretting fatigue of second layer of strand (left) or surface failure (right) Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
17 Conductor damages Strand breaking due to corrosion Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
18 Conductor damages Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
19 Conductor damages Aeolian vibration-induced damages of conductor - contact with suspension saddle Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
20 Conductor damages Aeolian vibration-induced damages of conductor - contact with Aircraft Warning Marker Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
21 Tower Damages Galloping Aeolian vibration Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
22 Other: Spacers, spacer dampers Vibration dampers Insulators Aircraft warning markers etc. Stockbridge damper Twin bundle spacer damper Insulator chain Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
23 4. Damage Diagnostic Methods Corona Discharge-based (CM) Electro-magnetic Acoustic (EMAT) Space potential probes (EPRI project) Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
24 Damage Diagnostic EMAT (Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer) Colorado School of Mines, U.S.A. Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
25 EMAT (Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer) + Can be used on live (hot) conductors + Allows detecting minor defects - Time-limited Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
26 5. Diagnose the Wind - Induced Vibrations Unavoidable Turbulence-induced Necessary to minimize: Galloping Wake-induced vibrations Aeolian vibrations Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
27 Aeolian Vibration Oscillation Amplitude ~ 1 D Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
28 Wake-Induced Vibration Wind F Z x & z & F X V r V x& γ z & F L F D Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
29 Turbulence-Induced Buffeting Y, m Z, m ASTER -14 AERO-Z Time (Hrs) Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
30 Galloping Wind Ice C L y + C < D 0 Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
31 6. Vibration Measurement Existing measuring devices SEFAG vibration recorder (Conductor diameter: about 0.03 m) Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
32 Vibration Measurement Heavy weight (more than 5 kg) - > conductor fatigue High cost (~10000 ) Limited Autonomy Impossible to detect reliably the large amplitude at mid-span Higher frequencies cannot be recorded. Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
33 7. Conclusions? Health Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Lines is of increasing importance Tension & sag monitoring is more elaborated but still a competitive field OHL conductor vibration monitoring devices have limitations (cost, monitoring period) Diagnostic of damages and hazards in OHL needs both «Artificial Intelligence» and hardware tools. Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
34 The most challenging studies Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
35 are the worst garnished! Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
36 Jean-Louis Lilien Dmitri Snegovski tel.(04) Vienna, January, ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
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