Power-to-gas and SOFC for mobility Olivier Thomann

Transcription

1 Renewable electricity sources Electricity grid Electrolyser Fuel cells Power-to-gas and SOFC for mobility Olivier Thomann Transport fuel Electricity Hydrogen storage Hydrogen Gas grid Natural gas Anaerobic digester Fuel cells and hydrogen in transportation applications

2 SOFC for mobility applications

3 Click Proton to exchange edit Master membrane title stylefuel cell (PEMFC) versus Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) PEMFC SOFC Electrolyte material Polymer Ceramic Operating temperature C Efficiency % Largest stack size kw Fuel High purity H 2 H 2, CO, CH 4 10/10/2017 3

4 Click Fuel processing to edit Master for title fuel style cells S=sulfur removal, E&M=evaporation and mixing, SR=steam reforming, ATR=auto thermal reforming, CPO= catalytic partial oxidation, Shift=water gas shift reactor, PROX=Preferential oxidation, PSA= pressure swing adsorption 10/10/2017 4

5 Click SOFC to for edit mobility Master applications title style Wärtsilä Methanol e4ships / SchIBZ APU Demo Nissan ethanol SOFC Methanol-fueled SOFC APU by Wärtsilä Fuel Cells 20 kw auxiliary power Wallenius car carrier Diesel-fueled SOFC APU by Sunfire 50 kw auxiliary power MS Forester SOFC range extender for electric vehicle In collaboration with Ceres power 5 kw Driving Range: 600kmplus 10/10/2017 5

6 Power-to-gas

7 Click How isto hydrogen edit Master produced title style nowaday? 57 million tons of hydrogen: worldwide production, % from fossil fuel Steam reforming Fifth of level natural gas/methanol/naphta Electrolysis of water Hydrogen is as green as the electricity used! Airox Nigen 10/10/2017 7

8 Click Power-to-gas edit Master visiontitle style Connect Click to edit Master text styles The electricity grid Second level The natural gas grid And the Fourth transportation level fuel distribution Using existing hydrocarbon distribution infrastructure Renewable electricity sources Transport fuel Electricity grid Electrolyser Hydrogen storage Fuel cells Anaerobic digester Gas grid Electricity Hydrogen Natural gas Reprinted from renewable_energy_system 10/10/ s.pdf

9 Click Power-to-gas edit Master demonstration title styleproject Source: 10/10/2017 9

10 Electrolyser technology Click to edit Master title style Limited operation flexibility Limited hydrogen quality High operational cost ALKALINE Low capital cost Mature technology PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE (PEM) Fast start-up High purity hydrogen Commercial technology High capital cost SOLID OXIDE (SOE) High electrical efficiency Co-electrolysis (H 2 O & CO 2 ) Reversible operation High purity hydrogen R&D not commercialised System scale Up to 50 MW Up to 2 MW Up to 150 kw System cost /kw /kw Electrical efficiency target <2000 /kw by % 65-90% % 10/10/

11 Electrolyser Click to edit Master development title style strategy (according to DoE) Develop Click to edit new Master materials text styles and systems to improve efficiency => reduce electricity cost New designs with lower cost materials and advanced manufacturing Fourth methods level => reduce capital cost Develop hydrogen production from renewable electricity (wind and solar) 10/10/

12 Current Click to edit density Master title style Efficiency Lower operational cost Current density (A/cm2) Lower capital cost Reference Buttler et al. 10/10/

13 Solid Click to oxide edit electrolysis Master title cell stylewith ultra-high current density Versa Power/FuelCell Energy 3 V 3 A/cm2 Reference: A. Wood, H. He, T. Joia, M. Krivy, D. Steedman; Communication Electrolysis at High Efficiency with Remarkable Hydrogen Production Rates, Journal of Electrochemical Society, 2016 volume 163, issue 5, F327- F /10/

14 European Click to edit Adel Master and SOPHIA title styleproject: high durability SOE stack from Solidpower Degradation Click to edit Master text styles 0.5 %/kh>10'000 h durability 0.5 Third A/cm2 level Reference Rinaldi, Giorgio, et al. "Post-test Analysis on a Solid Oxide Cell Stack Operated for 10,700 Hours in Steam Electrolysis Mode." Fuel Cells (2017). 10/10/

15 European Click to edit BALANCE Master title project style Development of reversible Solid Oxide Cell (electrolyser and fuel cell) Electrical grid stabilisation Electrical energy storage rsoc demonstration system at VTT in early 2019 This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No /10/ Picture and performance figure: courtesy of DTU

16 Conclusions Click to edit Master title style Power-to-gas Click to edit Master text styles Green hydrogen for mobility Second level Link with renewable intermittent electricity Main issue Fourth is cost level & durability Contact: Olivier Thomann Olli Himanen /10/

17 Click to edit Master title style Thank you for your attention! Any question? Olivier Thomann Olli Himanen

18 Available Click to edit solution Master for title electrical style energy storage Large-scale storage Pumped hydro Compressed air Power-to-gas CAES: compressed air electrical storage SNG: synthetic natural gas 10/10/

19 Target Click in to wind edit and Master title style Hungary solar energy, 2020 In 2015: 31% In 2016: 35% Finland Sweden France Estonia United Kingdom Germany Portugal Spain Greece Denmark Ireland Wind Solar % of total electricity consumption Renewable electricity in Europe. Maija Ruska, Juha Kiviluoma. VTT Research Notes 10/10/

20 MW Consumption and production mismatch Click to edit Master title style Hourly Danish wind output vs total consumption Hours Total gross consumption Total wind production Emergence of an electrical energy storage market Prevent curtailment of renewable electricity Increase renewable electricity penetration 10/10/