APPLICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY LOAD PROFILES IN NETWORK MODELLING. A CASE STUDY OF LOW VOLTAGE GRID IN DENMARK - PAPER 415 -

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1 APPLICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY LOAD PROFILES IN NETWORK MODELLING. A CASE STUDY OF LOW VOLTAGE GRID IN DENMARK - PAPER ANNA MARSZAL-POMIANOWSKA, AJM@CIVIL.AAU.DK IKER DIAZ DE CERIO MENDAZA, PER HEISELBERG, BIRGITTE BAK- JENSEN

2 Outline Driving forces Household electricity load model Test system low-voltage network Results Conclusions

3 Driving forces energy system Fossil free energy system Electrification of the demand Decentralized energy supply

4 Driving forces household electricity load profile min day(:,1) 10min day(:,2) 1h day(:,3) kw Minute of the day

5 Objective To investigate LV network performance with high-resolution load and generation profiles The obtained results are intended to outline the knowledge-gain for built environment and network planning engineers.

6 Household electricity load model main characteristics Empirical-probabilistic bottom-up approach model Minimum resolution 1-min 35 household appliances (heavy electrical loads e.g. heat pumps not included) Single family houses with 1-5 occupants Users attitude towards energy use/savings (interested, neutral, disinterested) INPUT DATA For each appliance Penetration rates Frequency of use Daily activity profile Cycle power use characteristics Standby consumption Occupants Number of occupants in the household (between 1-5) Approach towards energy use/savings: interested, neutral, disinterested Household Seasonal variations in household electricity use Social random factors OPERATION MODULES Repeat for n households Part 1: Create list of appliances installed in the house Part 2: Generate 1-min load curve for each appliance Part 3: Generate 1-min household electricity load curve Part 4: Generate load profiles of given x resolution

7 Generation profiles PV Main characteristics: PV power output: P g = A c Iη mm η a [W] Maximum power-point efficiency of PV η mm = η SSS [1 + μ(t a T c,sss + I T c,nnnn T a,nnnn I NNNN 1 η SSS ] Conversion efficiency at STC W Minute of the day P SSS η SSS = I SSS A rrr Area Slope ɳ STC µ [m 2 ] [deg] Orientation [%] [ᵒC-1] South T C,STC T C,NOCT T a,noct I NOCT A ref ɳ a [ᵒC] [ᵒC] [ᵒC] [W/m 2 ] [m 2 ] [%]

8 2489 Test system - LV network details T0A F1B0L1 F3C1 External Grid T00 PS-T1 PS-T2 T0B F4C1 F2BL1 F3B1 F5B0L1 F6B0L1 F7B0L1 F8B0L1 F9B0L1 F10B0L1 F4B1 F3C2 F4B1T1 F4B1T2 F4B1T3 F3B2 F4B2 F4B3 F4B4 F3B2T1 SG SG SG F3B3 F4B2G1 F4B3G1 F4B4G1 F3C3 F3B4 F3B3L1 F3C4 F3B4T1 Main characteristics: 137 private consumers supplied with electricity through a 315 kva 20/0.4 kv transformer and a seven string radial network Load: CL (1 hour based) Original provided by the DSO CL (1 min based) HP (1 h based) few customers in LV network Generation: PV (1 min based) F3B6 F3B7 F3B9 F3C5 F3C6 F3C7 F3B5 F3B5L1 F3B7T1 F3B8 F3B10 F3B8L1 F3C8 F3B11 F3B11T1 F3B12 F3C9 F3B12L1 F3B F3B13T1 F3B15 F3B F3C10 F3C11 F3B16 F3C12 F3B16T1 F3B18 F3B17 F3C13 F3B14L1 F3B17L1 F3B19 F3B19T1 F3B20 F3C14 F3B20L1 F3B21 F3B21T1 F3B22 F3C15 F3B22L1 F3B23 F3B31 F3B23T1 F3C16 F3C17 F3B28G1 F3B29 F3B29T1 F3B30 F3B30G1 F3B35 F3B35T F3B36 F3B36L1 F3B26 F3B34 F3B26G1 F3B34L1 F3B27 F3B27T1 F3B28 F3C18 F3C23 F3C19 F3C20 F3B24 F3B24L1 F3B25 F3B32 F3B33 F3B25T1 F3B26T1 F3C STØVRING Power Distribution Operation : Power Lines and Transformers shout not be loaded more than 80 % at any time. European Standart EN 50160: maximum voltage deviation ± 10 % at any bus of the MV and LV system. According to the DSO experience ± 6 %. STRING 2 STRING 4 STRING 5 STRING 1 STRING 6 STRING 3 STRING 7

9 RESULTS 1 st week of February 1 hour based profiles loading of the transformer Trafo. Lod [p.u.] 65 % active power at the transformer level P, Q & S [MW, MVAr, MVA] 41 % loading of the maximum loaded power line Line Lod. [p.u.] maximum and minimum voltage level Voltage [p.u.] %

10 RESULTS 1 st week of February 1 min based profiles 82 % loading of the transformer Trafo. Lod [p.u.] active power at the transformer level P, Q & S [MW, MVAr, MVA] 63 % loading of the maximum loaded power line Line Lod. [p.u.] maximum and minimum voltage level Voltage [p.u.] %

11 Results 1 min generation profiles FIRST WEEK OF FEBRUARY 50% OF PV SECOND WEEK OF JULY 50% OF PV 82 % 58 % Trafo. Lod [p.u.] P, Q & S [MW, MVAr, MVA] Small Reverse Power Flow 71 % Reverse Power Flow Line Lod. [p.u.] Reverse Power Flow 51 % p.u Voltage [p.u.] p.u p.u

12 Conclusions High resolution investigation shows the full picture More complex LV network operation In high latitudes due to revers flow 2 different LV operation strategies for winter and summer Single prosumer does not create a problem but a group of prosumers connected to a single power line influences the LV network and transformer performance

13 THANK YOU