Exploitation of Ancillary Services in Multi-Energy Sector Coupling to Contribute to Power System Stability

Transcription

1 TSO2020 Project Activity 2: Exploitation of Ancillary Services in Multi-Energy Sector Coupling to Contribute to Power System Stability Presenters: dr.ir. Bart W. Tuinema ir. Víctor arcía Suárez 24 th October 2018 TSO 2020 Power to Hydrogen Mid-Term Workshop Brussels, Belgium 1

2 CONTENTS 1) Tasks of TUD IEP 2) Power System Stability 3) Ancillary services provision by electrolysers 4) Conclusions 2

3 CONTENTS 1) Tasks of TUD IEP 2) Power System Stability 3) Ancillary services provision by electrolysers 4) Conclusions 3

4 ACTIVITY 2: TU DELFT TASKS Scope: To study the dynamic interaction between international connected electrical transmission networks and the large-scale demand side response associated to power-to-gas conversion. modelling of the electrical transmission network in RTDS hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests of a mock-up rectifier in RTDS investigation of ancillary services provision by a 300-MW electrolyser in Eemshaven recommendations for the exploitation of ancillary services development of a 1-MW electrolyser model in RTDS (Real-Time Digital Simulator) 4

5 ACTIVITY 2: TU DELFT TEAM dr.ir. José L. Rueda Torres project leader dr.ir. Bart W. Tuinema RTDS simulations prof. Peter Palensky responsible professor ir. Patrick K.S. Ayivor electrolyser modelling ir. Víctor arcía Suárez ancillary services ir. Lian Liu network modelling dr.ir. Ebrahim Adabi RTDS simulations 5

6 CONTENTS 1) Tasks of TUD IEP 2) Power System Stability 3) Ancillary services provision by electrolysers 4) Conclusions 6

7 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY In power systems, we try to keep things stable and in balance. f (=1/T) Constant frequency f (e.g. 50 Hz) Constant voltage magnitude V (e.g. 230 V rms) Constant voltage angle δ (small) V δ Static analysis: constant f, V and δ Simple models, controls neglected Perform power flow calculation (solve algebraic equation system) Dynamic analysis: time varying response of f, V and δ Detailed models, controls included Perform time domain simulation (solve differential algebraic equation system) 7

8 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY P in enerators () f = 50 Hz (ω=2πf) = f t M L M L M P out Motors (M) Load (L) 8

9 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY P in f = 50 Hz (ω=2πf) < = f t M L M L M desk lamp P out Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency 9

10 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY P in 1. Frequency Containment Reserve f = 50 Hz (ω=2πf) f FCR < = t M L M L M P out Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency 10

11 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY P in 1. Frequency Containment Reserve 2. automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve 3. manual Frequency Restoration Reserve f = 50 Hz (ω=2πf) f FCR afrr mfrr = nadir J (Inertia) t M L M L M P out Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency Frequency nadir 11

12 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY Wind (W) & Solar PhotoVoltaics (PV) W M L PV f = 50 Hz (ω=2πf) J (Inertia) M L Power Electronics (PE) W M P in = P out Electrolysers Ancillary Services: 1. Frequency Containment Reserve 2. automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve 3. manual Frequency Restoration Reserve f FCR FCR? afrr - Voltage support - Congestion Management - Blackstart / restoration mfrr t 12

13 CONTENTS 1) Tasks of TUD IEP 2) Power System Stability 3) Ancillary services provision by electrolysers 4) Conclusions 13

14 ELECTRICAL ANCILLARY SERVICES MARKETS FREQUENCY BALANCIN VOLTAE CONTROL CONESTION MANAEMENT BLACKSTART RESTORATION» Moving towards a common EU market» Regional local markets» Determined by national TSOs» Mostly for generators» Fixed action plan FRECUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR) Supplier capacity 1 MW Activation < 30 sec AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY RESTORATION RESERVE (afrr) Supplier capacity 1 MW Activation < 15 min MANUAL FREQUENCY RESTORATION RESERVE (mfrr) Emergency reserve Large capacity required 14

15 ELECTROLYSER AS ANCILLARY SERVICES PROVIDER DECISIVE FACTOR Electricity price will determine the electrolyser s annual capacity factor MARKET NEEDS The market regulatory framework should boost operational flexibility BUSINESS DECISION Opportunity costs: sale of H 2 vs. provision of ancillary services PARTICIPATION IN FREQUENCY BALANCIN (2021) FCR will offer a 4-hour capacity product affr will allow 15-minute energy products (already in NL) 15

16 RID TOPOLOY NETHERLANDS TenneT s Development Plan 2030 Case Study FCR in NL 2030» Performance: sync. generator vs. PEM electrolyser» Sensitivity to FCR controller parameters NorNed COBRAcable EEMSHAVEN 300MW Electrolyser WEIWERD VIERVERLATEN MEEDEN 1MW Electrolyser to ERMANY 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv to ZWOLLE 16

17 Frequency [Hz] FCR PROVISION: EFFECTS ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE Frequency response for different shares of electrolyser capacity in FCR support for a sudden loss of generation % Electrolyzer 50% Electrolyzer 25% Electrolyzer 10% Electrolyzer 3% Electrolyzer 100% as Turbine CONCLUSIONS: Time [s] Electrolysers reduce the frequency deviations w.r.t. synchronous generators Electrolyser s linear dynamics allow stricter FCR control characteristics 17

18 CASE STUDY: FCR in NL-DE-DK 2030» Low inertia grid conditions» Sensitivity to location and distribution» Inclusion of PEM fuel cells NorNed to Norway Netherlands Synchronous enerator Wind Farm 20 MW PEM FC + 20 MW PEM Electrolyser 150 MW PEM FC MW PEM Electrolyser Denmark ermany External rid 18

19 DEALIN WITH LOW INERTIA IN THE RID Frequency [Hz] Frequency response for different inertia values during FCR support for a sudden loss of generation H = 52 s PEM Devices H = 52 s Sync en H = 26 s PEM Devices H = 26 s Sync en Time [s] CONCLUSIONS: PEM technologies can contribute to alleviate the low inertia conditions Same performance regardless of the location and distribution of suppliers 19

20 afrr PROVISION: ADEQUACY TO TSO SINALS FCR response Activation of TSO signal 20

21 CONTENTS 1) Tasks of TUD IEP 2) Power System Stability 3) Ancillary services provision by electrolysers 4) Conclusions 21

22 CONCLUSIONS Electrolysers are technically capable of partaking in frequency balancing markets. The fast dynamics of electrolysers help in preventing high-frequency deviations, especially when the inertia of electrical power system is reduced. The electrical transmission network facilitates the interplay between distributed PEM fuel cells and electrolysers. This constitutes a mitigation to threats to security of supply due to reduced inertia. 22

23 LIST OF DOCUMENTS BY TU DELFT Electrolyser Modelling Feasibility of Demand Side Response from Electrolysers to Support Power System Stability * P. Ayivor, J.L. Rueda Torres MSc Thesis, TU Delft, July Modelling of Large Size Electrolyzer for Electrical rid Stability Studies in Real Time Digital Simulation * P. Ayivor, J.L. Rueda Torres, M.A.M.M. van der Meijden, R. van der Pluijm and B. Stouwie 3 rd International Hybrid Power Systems Workshop, Tenerife, Spain, May Modelling of Large Size Electrolyser for Electrical rid Stability Studies A Hierarchical Control P. Ayivor, J.L. Rueda Torres and M.A.M.M. van der Meijden 17 th Wind Integration Workshop, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct * Publicly available for consultation at the TU Delft online repository 23

24 LIST OF DOCUMENTS BY TU DELFT Procurement of Ancillary Services Exploitation of Power-to-as for Ancillary Services Provision (within the Context of TSO2020) * V. arcía, J.L. Rueda Torres MSc Thesis, TU Delft, Aug Integration of Power-to-as Conversion into Dutch Electrical Ancillary Services Markets * V. arcía, J.L. Rueda Torres, B. Tuinema, A. Perilla and M.A.M.M van der Meijden ENERDAY th Conference on Energy Economics and Technology, Dresden, ermany, Apr Ancillary Services from Hydrogen Based Technologies to Support Power System Frequency Stability * F. Alshehri, J.L. Rueda Torres MSc Thesis, TU Delft, Sep * Publicly available for consultation at the TU Delft online repository 24

25 Thanks!? Questions: José L. Rueda Torres Intelligent Electrical Power rids Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy Delft University of Technology 25

26 RID TOPOLOY NETHERLANDS TenneT s Development Plan 2030 NorNed EEMSHAVEN COBRAcable 300MW Electrolyser WEIWERD VIERVERLATEN MEEDEN 1MW Electrolyser to ERMANY 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv to ZWOLLE 26

27 MODELLIN OF THE ELECTROLYSER Veendam Zuidwending 110kV Meeden110kV substation MEEDEN 1 MW electrolyser Veendam Zuidwending 1MW Electrolyser 27

28 MODELLIN OF THE ELECTROLYSER High-level control Interaction with TSO Interaction power system Interaction with market Low-level control Control of H 2 production Control of stack current Response to alarms 28

29 MODELLIN OF THE ELECTROLYSER Model Response to step increase/decrease of stack current Real Electrolyser 29

30 MODELLIN OF THE ELECTROLYSER 49.9 Hz Extended model with FEC enables frequency (FCR) support 30

31 MODELLIN OF THE ELECTROLYSER Extended model with FEC enables bus voltage support. 31

32 RID TOPOLOY NL2030 To Denmark To Norway TenneT s generator Development Plan converter 2030 COBRAcable VSC station 2*800MW EOS 3*430MW ENS EMINI EOS-EEM-ZWART Electrolyser (300MW) EOS-EEM-WIT To gas conversion AC/DC converter NorNed LCC station EEM EEM RBB WEW substation line NorNed COBRAcable EEMSHAVEN 300MW Electrolyser WEIWERD transformer DIELE (to ermany) VVL MEE BERUM normal ZEYEREEN MEE MEE Veendam Zuidwending ZWOLLE Electrolyser (1MW, 33kV) To gas conversion VIERVERLATEN MEEDEN 1MW Electrolyser to ERMANY 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv to ZWOLLE 32

33 RID TOPOLOY NL2030 To Denmark To Norway TenneT s generator Development Plan converter 2030 COBRAcable VSC station 2*800MW EOS 3*430MW ENS EMINI EOS-EEM-ZWART Electrolyser (300MW) EOS-EEM-WIT To gas conversion AC/DC converter NorNed LCC station EEM EEM RBB WEW substation line NorNed COBRAcable EEMSHAVEN 300MW Electrolyser WEIWERD transformer DIELE (to ermany) VVL MEE BERUM normal maintenance ZEYEREEN MEE MEE Veendam Zuidwending ZWOLLE Electrolyser (1MW, 33kV) To gas conversion VIERVERLATEN MEEDEN 1MW Electrolyser to ERMANY 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv to ZWOLLE 33

34 RID TOPOLOY NL2030 TenneT s Development Plan MW 0 MW NorNed COBRAcable +300 MW 430 MW EEMSHAVEN Load flow scenario 1 300MW Electrolyser Regional load: roningen-drenthe 875 MW Overijssel 800 MW Friesland 400 MW WEIWERD VIERVERLATEN MEEDEN 1MW Electrolyser to ERMANY 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv to ZWOLLE 34

35 RID TOPOLOY NL2030 TenneT s Development Plan MW 600 MW NorNed COBRAcable +700 MW 2900 MW EEMSHAVEN Load flow scenario 2 300MW Electrolyser Regional load: roningen-drenthe 875 MW Overijssel 800 MW Friesland 400 MW WEIWERD VIERVERLATEN MEEDEN 1MW Electrolyser to ERMANY 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv to ZWOLLE 35

36 RID TOPOLOY NL2030 TenneT s Development Plan MW 450 MW NorNed COBRAcable -700 MW 2900 MW EEMSHAVEN Load flow scenario 3 300MW Electrolyser Regional load: roningen-drenthe 875 MW Overijssel 800 MW Friesland 400 MW WEIWERD VIERVERLATEN MEEDEN 1MW Electrolyser to ERMANY 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv to ZWOLLE 36

37 MODELLIN OF NORTHERN NETHERLANDS NETWORK Simulation of disturbances around EOS and EEM To Denmark To Norway Disturbances include: Transmission line three-phase-ground fault Busbar short circuit fault Tripping of transmission line(s) Loss of generation DC short circuit on COBRAcable COBRAcable VSC station 2*800MW EOS 3*430MW ENS EMINI EOS-EEM-ZWART Electrolyser (300MW) EOS-EEM-WIT To gas conversion NorNed LCC station EEM EEM RBB WEW Disturbances under maintenance: Fault at circuit EOS-EEM-ZWART when Circuit EOS-EEM-WIT is out of service Fault at busbar B when Busbar A of substation EOS is out of service BERUM VVL ZEYEREEN MEE MEE MEE DIELE (to ermany) ZWOLLE To gas conversion Veendam Zuidwending Electrolyser (1MW, 33kV) 37

38 MODELLIN OF NORTHERN NETHERLANDS NETWORK Simulation case: three-phase to ground fault EOS-EEM-ZWART To Denmark To Norway COBRAcable VSC station EMINI EOS-EEM-ZWART NorNed LCC station EOS EOS-EEM-WIT EEM 2*800MW Electrolyser (300MW) EOS-EEM-WIT 3*430MW To gas conversion EEM P2+P3 ENS P5+P6+P7 RBB WEW DIELE (to ermany) BERUM VVL ZEYEREEN MEE MEE MEE ZWOLLE To gas conversion Three phase ground fault: Fault location: EOS-EEM-ZWART Fault resistance: 0.1Ω; Fault clearing time: 90ms. Veendam Zuidwending Electrolyser (1MW, 33kV) 38

39 P [p.u.] Frequency [Hz] FCR DROOP CONTROL (BACKUP SLIDES) Δfmax ±0.10 Hz Δfmax ±0.15 Hz Δfmax ±0.20 Hz f [Hz] Droop Δfmax ±0.10 Hz Droop Δfmax ±0.15 Hz Droop Δfmax ±0.20 Hz Quadratic Δfmax ±0.20 Hz Time [s] CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to increment the droop slope for the PEM technologies without creating oscillation issues 39