Transportation Energy Use in Cars 3: Rolling Resistance
|
|
- Griselda Robinson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Transportation Energy Use in Cars 3: Lecture Notes
2 Question Why would the pressure in our car tires affect gasoline consumption? resistance accounts for all the small bits of friction within the car, and more significantly, the friction within the tires and the road resistance affects the motion of a car Underinflated tires affect the fuel consumption of a car
3 Background Energy from the fuel in a car goes to 4 main Places: 1. Accelerating the car up to its cruising speed 2. Overcoming air resistance 3. Overcoming rolling resistance 4. Heat (partly converted to motion, flowing to the environment with exhaust gases and by convection cooling of the engine)
4 Background resistance is commonly approximated a constant frictional force, dependent on the weight of the car (similar to any other kind of friction) Where : F m g RR RR Force due to rolling resistance coefficient mass of F RR of the vehicle rolling resistance acceleration due to gravity ( )( m)( g) RR
5 Background The coefficient of rolling resistance is usually written as RR. It has different values for different vehicle types: Tire Type Coefficient of Friction Low rolling resistance car tire Ordinary car tire Truck tire Train wheel 0.001
6 Approach To figure out how the resistance force impacts fuel economy, we need to figure out how much energy is required to overcome it. For this, use the Work-Energy principle (shows how much energy a force will add to the system) Work (Force)(Distance)
7 Approach friction opposes vehicular motion; it thus subtracts energy from the car which is made up by burning more fuel For a typical sedan (1200kg) plus driver (70kg), the rolling resistance will be: F mg RR RR (0.015)(1270 kg)(9.8 m/s 187 Newtons 2 )
8 Approach Over the course of driving one kilometre, this will require extra energy given by: W ( F RR )(Distance) (187N)(1000 m) N m 187 kj for each kilometre driven
9 Approach Calculating the Fuel Requirement, Per km We can calculate the fuel requirement using the efficiency formula: Work Output Work Output Efficiency Work Input Fuel Energy Input Fuel Energy Input Work Output Efficiency 748 kj 187 kj 25%
10 Approach Calculating the Fuel Requirement, Per km And to provide this amount of energy, we need to use: # of Joules Energy per litre # of litres # of Joules # of litres Energy per litre 748 kj 32 MJL L to drive 1 km
11 Interpretation We need L of fuel per km to overcome frictional rolling resistance (at 100 km/h) Added to the L/km to overcome air resistance, the total energy needed to overcome resistive forces is L/km (at 100 km/h) This is slightly higher than the reported average of L/km, but is reasonable since we calculated it at a high speed of 100 km/h
12 * Model of a car with 40 psi tires Impact of Low Tire Pressure Change in Pressure 5% decrease in pressure Pressure drops by 5% to 38 psi* Change in Coefficient of Friction, µ RR µ RR increases 5% New µ RR = Change in Gas Consumption Fuel consumption increases to L/km Fuel consumption is an extra 0.01L/km or 1% of fuel mileage
13 Bibliography 1. a. b. Natural Resources Canada. Tire Inflation (online). [25 August 2009]. 2. MacKay DJC. Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air (Online). UIT Cambridge. p pdf [25 August 2009]. 3. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. Gasoline (Online). [25 August 2009]. 4. A Discovery Company. How Tires Work (online). [25 August 2009]. 5. MacKay DJC. Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air (Online). UIT Cambridge. p [25 August 2009].
Lesson 4: Fuel Costs and Fuel Economy
Lesson 4: Fuel Costs and Fuel Economy Fuel Economy (Fuel Consumption) A major operating cost of a vehicle is the gasoline. Different vehicles require different amounts of gasoline to drive the same distance.
More informationFriction. Coefficients of friction for rubber on roads are listed in the table. asphalt road) Dry road Wet road 0.53
Conceptual questions Friction 1 Most bikes have normal tires: some have fats. a Suppose the wheels on both a normal bike (not shown) and the bikes above have outside diameters of 67 cm. By using your own
More informationFuel consumption analysis of motor vehicle
1 Portál pre odborné publikovanie ISSN 1338-0087 Fuel consumption analysis of motor vehicle Matej Juraj Elektrotechnika 09.01.2013 Paper discuss about the traces of fuel consumption in various operating
More informationReal World Fuel Economy Test. Real World Fuel Economy Test - Brisbane. 9 th of April Contact Details:
Real World - Brisbane 9 th of April 2014 Contact Details: Natalie Roberts B.Eng (Aero) Principal nroberts@abmarc.com.au Mb: 0438 352 530 Ph: 03 5964 8402 Copyright ABMARC 2014 Real World 1 CONTENTS 01
More informationEnergy Generation, Storage, and Transformation. Roderick M. Macrae
Energy Generation, Storage, and Transformation Roderick M. Macrae 3. The Balance Sheet Consumption Production (sustainable) vs Transport Heating/cooling Lighting Food Manufacturing Wind Solar(PV,thermal,biomass)
More informationCO2 Emissions and Vehicle Performance
CO2 Emissions and Vehicle Performance CO2 emissions for the ULSAB-AVC Program were calculated using both the NEDC 2000 and the US Combined driving cycle requirements. 15.1 BACKGROUND The following vehicle
More informationTECHNICAL NOTE. NADS Vehicle Dynamics Typical Modeling Data. Document ID: N Author(s): Chris Schwarz Date: August 2006
TECHNICAL NOTE NADS Vehicle Dynamics Typical Modeling Data Document ID: N06-017 Author(s): Chris Schwarz Date: August 2006 National Advanced Driving Simulator 2401 Oakdale Blvd. Iowa City, IA 52242-5003
More informationSCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014 ME110. Aircraft and Automotive Systems
s SCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014 ME110 Aircraft and Automotive Systems Time allowed: TWO hours Answer TWO questions from THREE in Section A and TWO questions
More informationSCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015 ME110. Aircraft and Automotive Systems
s SCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS 014/015 ME110 Aircraft and Automotive Systems Time allowed: ONE hour THIRTY minutes Answer TWO questions from THREE Items permitted:
More informationEverything You Need to Know About. Aerodynamics. By Julien Versailles
Everything You Need to Know About Aerodynamics By Julien Versailles The study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air or The study of the flow of air around and through an object
More informationMECA0494 : Braking systems
MECA0494 : Braking systems Pierre Duysinx Research Center in Sustainable Automotive Technologies of University of Liege Academic Year 2017-2018 1 MECA0494 Driveline and Braking Systems Monday 23/10 (@ULG)
More informationGCE AS and A Level. Physics A. AS exams 2009 onwards A2 exams 2010 onwards. Unit 5C: Approved specimen question paper. Version 1.1
GCE AS and A Level Physics A AS exams 2009 onwards A2 exams 2010 onwards Unit 5C: Approved specimen question paper Version 1.1 Surname Other Names Leave blank Centre Number Candidate Number Candidate Signature
More informationExplanation and Validation of the Flat Belt Method ENTWURF Fahrzeugtechnik Fahrleistung und Verbrauch EGNT/2
Explanation and Validation of the Flat Belt Method ENTWURF 13.11.2012 Why? Why VW want to use the flat belt as new method for determination of the road load. The weather conditions in Germany allows at
More informationPARALLEL INDEX DRIVES TP Series
PARALLEL INDEX DRIVES TP Series Calculations J = moment of inertia Application examples Direct driven belt/chain = M B + M B M B = c a n 2π n x t² M R = µ g R m = M B + M R + (M ST )* M ST = m g R M AN
More informationSIMULATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC POWER DEMAND WITH DIFFERENT DRIVE CYCLE
SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC POWER DEMAND WITH DIFFERENT DRIVE CYCLE 1 Shivi Arora, 2 Jayesh Priolkar 1 Power and Energy Systems Engineering, Dept. Electrical and Electronics
More informationIMPROVING YOUR CAR S GAS MILEAGE. Page 2
Page 1 IMPROVING YOUR CAR S GAS MILEAGE Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GASOLINE OR PETROL 3. HOW DO YOU CALCULATE GAS MILEAGE? 4. GAS MILEAGE TIPS 5. REDUCING IDLING 6. MAINTENANCE TIPS 7.
More informationThe Effect of Weight Distribution on a Quarter Midget. Joey Dille
The Effect of Weight Distribution on a Quarter Midget Joey Dille 1 Background Information A quarter midget is a type of racecar. It is similar to a go-kart with several major differences, the most conspicuous
More information9/13/2017. Friction, Springs and Scales. Mid term exams. Summary. Investigating friction. Physics 1010: Dr. Eleanor Hodby
Day 6: Friction s Friction, s and Scales Physics 1010: Dr. Eleanor Hodby Reminders: Homework 3 due Monday, 10pm Regular office hours Th, Fri, Mon. Finish up/review lecture Tuesday Midterm 1 on Thursday
More informationIntroduction: Drives in Manipulators. Module 3 : Actuators for robots. Lecture 7 : Actuators for Robots-Part I. Objectives
Module 3 : Actuators for robots Lecture 7 : Actuators for Robots-Part I Objectives In this course you will learn about Commercial or industrial manipulator's capabilities. Typical electrical drives in
More information4 fuel-efficient driving
4 fuel-efficient driving This chapter focuses on fuel-efficient driving techniques for large dieselpowered commercial vehicles. Many of these techniques can also be applied to smaller commercial vehicles
More informationPage 2. (a) (i) Show that during the change AB the gas undergoes an isothermal change.
Q1.The Carnot cycle is the most efficient theoretical cycle of changes for a fixed mass of gas in a heat engine. The graph below shows the pressure volume (p V) diagram for a gas undergoing a Carnot cycle
More informationFeatures of the Ball Screw
Features of the Driving Torque One Third of the Sliding Screw With the, balls roll between the screw shaft and the nut to achieve high effi ciency. Its required driving torque is only one third of the
More informationPhysics 2. Chapter 10 problems. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB
Physics 2 Chapter 10 problems 10.6 A machinist is using a wrench to loosen a nut. The wrench is 25cm long, and he exerts a 17-N force at the end of the handle. a) What torque does the machinist exert about
More informationPros and cons of hybrid cars
GRADE 7 Hybrid cars are increasingly popular. In this lesson, students investigate the costs and benefits of using hybrid cars over gasoline-powered cars by comparing the cost and environmental impact
More informationmessages displayed with extended idle operation
Congratulations on selecting the new Super Duty with one of the most advanced pieces of automotive technology -- the new 6.4L Power Stroke diesel engine. The 6.4L Power Stroke delivers all the horsepower
More informationPhysics 12 Circular Motion 4/16/2015
Circular Motion Name: 1. It is possible to spin a bucket of water in a vertical circle and have none of the water spill when the bucket is upside down. How would you explain this to members of your family?
More informationmessages displayed with extended idle operation
Congratulations on selecting the new Super Duty with one of the most advanced pieces of automotive technology -- the new 6.4L Power Stroke diesel engine. The 6.4L Power Stroke delivers all the horsepower
More informationPS2 Solutions. Adiabatic reversible Q L V 3 V 1 = V 4 V
S2 Solutions 1: Engine Tuning As shown in class, the ideal Otto cycle is depicted in this diagram: 3 Q H Adiabatic reversible 2 4 0 5 1 Q L V 2 = V 3 V 1 = V 4 V The actual 4-stroke Otto cycle (if you
More informationCan Physics Teaching be improved by Explanation of Tricks with
August- October 2010 ArXiv.org Matthias Risch Hochschule Augsburg, Germany, University of Applied Sciences Can Physics Teaching be improved by Explanation of Tricks with a Motorcycle? Abstract A priority
More informationTECHNICAL STANDARDS DOCUMENT No. 500, Revision 2 Low-Speed Vehicles
TECHNICAL STANDARDS DOCUMENT No. 500, Revision 2 Low-Speed Vehicles The text of this document is based on Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 500, Low Speed Vehicles, as published in the U.S. Code
More informationMechanism Feasibility Design Task
Mechanism Feasibility Design Task Dr. James Gopsill 1 Contents 1. Last Week 2. The Convertible Roof System 3. Boundary Calculations 4. Modelling the Deployment using Simulink Pendulum Fix it in position
More informationThe Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat INTRODUCTION One of the most famous experiments of the 19 th century was Joule s experiment showing that mechanical energy can be converted to heat. This showed that heat
More informationassociation adilca THE BRAKING FORCE
THE BRAKING FORCE From the point of view of driving, emergency braking is probably the most difficult skill to perform. Yet it is an essential skill because, according to the Highway Code, only braking
More informationAnalysis of regenerative braking effect to improve fuel economy for E-REV bus based on simulation
EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 2015 Analysis of regenerative braking effect to improve fuel economy for E-REV bus based on simulation Jongdai Choi 1, Jongryeol Jeong 1, Yeong-il Park 2, Suk Won Cha 1 1
More informationLITEX MOTORS. Liquid Propane Injection Fuel System
Liquid Propane Injection Fuel System Introduction All petrol powered GREAT WALL vehicles can be fitted with optional Liquid Propane Injection Fuel System (LPi), which uses and keeps the full 5 year factory
More informationVehicle Performance. Pierre Duysinx. Research Center in Sustainable Automotive Technologies of University of Liege Academic Year
Vehicle Performance Pierre Duysinx Research Center in Sustainable Automotive Technologies of University of Liege Academic Year 2015-2016 1 Lesson 4: Fuel consumption and emissions 2 Outline FUEL CONSUMPTION
More information2018 Hyundai Elantra Manual
2018 Hyundai Elantra Manual If you are looking for a ebook 2018 hyundai elantra manual in pdf form, in that case you come on to the loyal site. We present the utter variation of this ebook in PDF, epub,
More informationSECTION 6 3 SERVICE PROCEDURES AND SPECIFICATIONS. Chassis
SERVICE PROCEDURES AND SPECIFICATIONS Chassis SECTION 6 3 Specifications........................................... 208 Checking brake fluid...................................... 210 Checking power steering
More informationHovercraft
1 Hovercraft 2017-2018 Names: Score: / 44 Show all equations and work. Point values are shown in parentheses at the end of the question. Assume g=9.8 m/s/s for all calculations. Include units in your answer.
More informationSECTION 6 3 SERVICE PROCEDURES AND SPECIFICATIONS. Chassis
SECTION 6 3 SERVICE PROCEDURES AND SPECIFICATIONS Chassis Specifications 206 Checking brake fluid 208 Checking power steering fluid 209 Checking tire pressure 210 Rotating tires 211 Checking and replacing
More informationA conceptual design of main components sizing for UMT PHEV powertrain
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS A conceptual design of main components sizing for UMT PHEV powertrain Related content - Development of a KT driving cycle for
More informationFachpraktikum Elektrische Maschinen. Theory of Induction Machines
Fachpraktikum Elektrische Maschinen Theory of Induction Machines Prepared by Arda Tüysüz January 2013 Fundamentals Induction machines (also known as asynchronous machines) are by far the most common type
More information1/7. The series hybrid permits the internal combustion engine to operate at optimal speed for any given power requirement.
1/7 Facing the Challenges of the Current Hybrid Electric Drivetrain Jonathan Edelson (Principal Scientist), Paul Siebert, Aaron Sichel, Yadin Klein Chorus Motors Summary Presented is a high phase order
More informationChapter 22. Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 22 Electromagnetic Induction 22.1 Induced Emf and Induced Current There are a number of ways a magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current. It is the changing field that produces
More informationView Numbers and Units
To demonstrate the usefulness of the Working Model 2-D program, sample problem 16.1was used to determine the forces and accelerations of rigid bodies in plane motion. In this problem a cargo van with a
More informationMathematical Model of Electric Vehicle Power Consumption for Traveling and Air-Conditioning
Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 9 (215) 269-275 doi: 1.17265/1934-8975/215.3.6 D DAVID PUBLISHING Mathematical Model of Electric Vehicle Power Consumption for Traveling and Air-Conditioning Seishiro
More informationSeals Stretch Running Friction Friction Break-Out Friction. Build With The Best!
squeeze, min. = 0.0035 with adverse tolerance build-up. If the O-ring is made in a compound that will shrink in the fluid, the minimum possible squeeze under adverse conditions then must be at least.076
More informationA study on aerodynamic drag of a semi-trailer truck
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 56 (013 ) 01 05 5 th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering A study on aerodynamic drag of a semi-trailer truck Harun Chowdhury*,
More information60 minute physics. Flight and movement. Nine hands-on activities: with GCSE Physics curriculum links. Flight & movement.
60 minute physics Nine hands-on activities: with GCSE Physics curriculum links Mapping data Digital Electric circuits Machines & electromagnets Light Storing energy Forces & motion Changing states Flight
More informationSurface- and Pressure-Dependent Characterization of SAE Baja Tire Rolling Resistance
Surface- and Pressure-Dependent Characterization of SAE Baja Tire Rolling Resistance Abstract Cole Cochran David Mikesell Department of Mechanical Engineering Ohio Northern University Ada, OH 45810 Email:
More information16.682: Technology in Transportation - Pset #2 Issued: Wednesday, February 16th, 2011 Due: Thursday, February 24th, 2011
16.682: Technology in Transportation - set #2 Issued: Wednesday, February 16th, 2011 Due: Thursday, February 24th, 2011 Topics Covered: Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines Road Vehicle Engineering
More informationFLUID FLOW Introduction General Description
FLUID FLOW Introduction Fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. In this experiment, you
More informationSCC Greenhouse Gas Assessment
SCC Greenhouse Gas Assessment April 2015 March 2016 Produced by CO2balance UK Ltd March 2017 CO2balance UK Ltd, 1 Discovery House, Cook Way, Bindon Road, Taunton, Somerset, TA2 6BJ, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1823
More informationTIRE PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE Just the Facts!
K + M Tire TIRE PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE Just the Facts! TIRE FUNCTIONS Carry the Vehicle s Weight and Load Transmit Acceleration Forces Transmit Braking Forces Transmit Cornering Forces Cushion Road Irregularities
More informationNEW CAR TIPS. Teaching Guidelines
NEW CAR TIPS Teaching Guidelines Subject: Algebra Topics: Patterns and Functions Grades: 7-12 Concepts: Independent and dependent variables Slope Direct variation (optional) Knowledge and Skills: Can relate
More informationAAA and Fuel Conservation
AAA and Fuel Conservation AAA is a federation of motor clubs serving more than 53 million members in the United States and Canada with automotive, travel, financial and insurance services. For decades,
More informationGas-liquid Hybrid Buffers Series HD. Working Principal. Application C
C3.0 Gas-liquid Hybrid Buffers Series HD Working Principal During the initiated stage, there will be a certain volume of nitrogen in the gas chamber, and a certain volume of hydraulic oil in the oil chamber.
More information3 Protecting Your Xedos Vehicle FUEL REQUIREMENTS EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM BEFORE DRIVING RUNNING-IN ECONOMICAL OPERATION SPECIAL DRIVING CONDITIONS LABEL INFORMATION 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-8 3-1 3-2
More informationmessages displayed with extended idle operation
Congratulations on selecting the new Super Duty with one of the most advanced pieces of automotive technology -- the new 6.4L Power Stroke diesel engine. The 6.4L Power Stroke delivers all the horsepower
More informationCHAPTER 4 MODELING, SIMULATION AND SELECTION OF POWERTRAIN COMPONENTS
51 CHAPTER 4 MODELING, SIMULATION AND SELECTION OF POWERTRAIN COMPONENTS 4.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of modeling is to convert input parameters (performance measurements like desired range, driving cycle
More informationChapter 9 Motion Exam Question Pack
Chapter 9 Motion Exam Question Pack Name: Class: Date: Time: 63 minutes Marks: 63 marks Comments: Page of 49 The graphs in List A show how the velocities of three vehicles change with time. The statements
More informationComparison - TE 80 and PCS HFFR
Comparison - TE 80 and PCS HFFR For ISO 12156-1 and ASTM D6079 fuel lubricity standard tests, results from the TE 80 differ to those from the PCS HFRR. The TE 80 (and the TE 77 with low load adapter) consistently
More informationSTI Project: Barrier Systems, Inc. RTS-QMB Longitudinal Barrier. Page 38 of 40 QBOR1. Appendix F (Continued) Figure F-3
Barrier Systems, Inc. RTS-QMB Longitudinal Barrier STI Project: QBOR1 Page 38 of 40 Appendix F (Continued) Figure F-3 t=.500sec 115 meters overall 37.1 Impact Severity (kj).. 141.6 Angle (deg).. 25 Speed
More informationTransmission Stiction Eliminator Test Vehicle 2006 Saab 9-3 t
Transmission Stiction Eliminator Test Vehicle 2006 Saab 9-3 t Evaluation of Hot Shot s Secret Transmission Stiction Eliminator in a series of dynamometer tests. Overview: The following test was performed
More informationStudy on Braking Energy Recovery of Four Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Driving Intention Recognition
Open Access Library Journal 2018, Volume 5, e4295 ISSN Online: 2333-9721 ISSN Print: 2333-9705 Study on Braking Energy Recovery of Four Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Driving Intention Recognition
More informationBill the Cat, tied to a rope, is twirled around in a vertical circle. Draw the free-body diagram for Bill in the positions shown. Then sum the X and
Assignment (a) No assigned WH. (b)read motion in the presence of resistive forces (finish the chapter). Go over problems covered in classes. (c)read: System and Environments, Work done by a constant force,
More informationVelocity vs Time. Velocity vs Time
Chapter : One Dimensional Motion Graphical Interpretation of Instantaneous and Average Acceleration Explain what happens in each of these graphs. Make sure to record the change in displacement, change
More informationPhysics and Human Affairs EAST/EMPACTS Project. Austin Stevens, John Miller, Flor Gonzalez, Henry Barrara, Levi Stell, Ethan Charles, Brant Chenoweth
Physics and Human Affairs EAST/EMPACTS Project Austin Stevens, John Miller, Flor Gonzalez, Henry Barrara, Levi Stell, Ethan Charles, Brant Chenoweth Melody Thomas, Instructor Group Members Austin Stevens
More informationPhysics Professor Ani Aprahamian. Science Literacy. Chapter 3: Energy
Physics 10062 Professor Ani Aprahamian Science Literacy Chapter 3: Energy What can we do about it? Renewable Energy Resources? Solar Wind Hydropower Waves Geothermal If we have such inexhaustible solar
More informationA.M. MONDAY, 19 January minutes
Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number 0 GCSE 241/01 ADDITIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION TIER PHYSICS 2 A.M. MONDAY, 19 January 2009 45 minutes For Examiner s use Total Mark ADDITIONAL MATERIALS In addition
More informationThe Simulation of Metro Wheel Tread Temperature in Emergency Braking Condition Hong-Guang CUI 1 and Guo HU 2*
2017 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation (CSMA 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-506-3 The Simulation of Metro Wheel Tread Temperature in Emergency Braking Condition Hong-Guang
More informationFriction and Momentum
Lesson Three Aims By the end of this lesson you should be able to: understand friction as a force that opposes motion, and use this to explain why falling objects reach a terminal velocity know that the
More informationEco-driving: Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Decisions of the Driver that Influence Vehicle Fuel Economy
Eco-driving: Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Decisions of the Driver that Influence Vehicle Fuel Economy Brandon Schoettle Project Manager Sustainable Worldwide Transportation Sustainable Worldwide
More informationTELESCOPIC RAILS HARDENED TELESCOPIC RAILS FOR HIGHLY DYNAMIC APPLICATIONS 7.1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW 7.2 PART EXTENSIONS 7.
7 TELESCOPIC RAILS HARDENED TELESCOPIC RAILS FOR HIGHLY DYNAMIC APPLICATIONS PAGE 106 PAGE 116 PAGE 120 PAGE 126 7.1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW 7.2 PART EXTENSIONS 7.3 FULL EXTENSIONS 7.4 LINEAR GUIDES 105 PRODUCT
More informationLecture T4 The Controlled-Friction Track for Gravity Race Cars (US 8,708,245 B2)
1 Lecture T4 The Controlled-Friction Track for Gravity Race Cars (US 8,708,245 B2) INTRODUCTION The invention described herein comprises an improved track which increases the speed of a gravity-driven
More informationOn Site Side Air Curtain Investigation / Vehicle to Vehicle Dynamic Science, Inc. / Case Number: DS Lexus GS300 California June, 2002
On Site Side Air Curtain Investigation / Vehicle to Vehicle Dynamic Science, Inc. / Case Number: DS02018 2002 Lexus GS300 California June, 2002 This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the
More informationCHAPTER 5 INERTIA Inertia wants to keep these parked cars at rest Inertia also wants to keep these moving cars moving INERTIA When driving through this curve inertia creates the sensation that you
More informationTELESCOPIC-LINE. Semi-telescopic-rail LST. Telescopic-rail LSE. Linear guides with ball-cage LSS
TELESCOPIC-LINE Semi-telescopic-rail LST Telescopic-rail LSE Linear guides with ball-cage LSS 1 Ball rails LSS, LST and LSE The ball rails produced by Nadella are very compact and flexible products. Made
More informationChapter 2 Analysis on Lock Problem in Frontal Collision for Mini Vehicle
Chapter 2 Analysis on Lock Problem in Frontal Collision for Mini Vehicle Ce Song, Hong Zang and Jingru Bao Abstract To study the lock problem in the frontal collision test on a kind of mini vehicle s sliding
More informationSchool Transportation Assessment
Grade: K-12 Version 1 April 2015 School Transportation Assessment SCHOOL BUS Evaluate the carbon emissions from daily transportation related to your school and identify strategies for more sustainable
More informationCITY DRIVING ELEMENT COMBINATION INFLUENCE ON CAR TRACTION ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
CITY DRIVING ELEMENT COMBINATION INFLUENCE ON CAR TRACTION ENERGY REQUIREMENTS Juris Kreicbergs, Denis Makarchuk, Gundars Zalcmanis, Aivis Grislis Riga Technical University juris.kreicbergs@rtu.lv, denis.mkk@gmail.com,
More informationLEAD SCREWS 101 A BASIC GUIDE TO IMPLEMENTING A LEAD SCREW ASSEMBLY FOR ANY DESIGN
LEAD SCREWS 101 A BASIC GUIDE TO IMPLEMENTING A LEAD SCREW ASSEMBLY FOR ANY DESIGN Released by: Keith Knight Kerk Products Division Haydon Kerk Motion Solutions Lead Screws 101: A Basic Guide to Implementing
More informationDesign of Wheeled Mobile Robot with Tri-Star Wheel as Rescue Robot
Design of Wheeled Mobile Robot with Tri-Star Wheel as Rescue Robot Rafiuddin Syam, Wahyu H. Piarah Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty, Hasanuddin University Jl. P. Kemerdekaan Km 10
More informationThe Measurement of Fuel Consumption under Hot Ambient Temperature in Kuwait City
The Measurement of Fuel Consumption under Hot Ambient Temperature in Kuwait City Mukhtar M. A. Morad #1, Abdulwahab A. Alnaqi *1, Ahmad E. Murad #1, awaf Alhaifi #1, J. G. Alotaibi #1, Ayedh Alajmi #1
More informationSURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1095 Issued 1982-06 Revised 2003-03 REV. MAR2003 Superseding J1095 MAR1995 Spoke Wheels and Hub Fatigue Test Procedures 1. Scope This SAE Recommended Practice provides
More informationAT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank
AT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank UNIT I INTRODUCTION 1. What are the design considerations of a vehicle?(jun 2013) 2..Classify the various types of vehicles.
More informationWhite Paper: The Physics of Braking Systems
White Paper: The Physics of Braking Systems The Conservation of Energy The braking system exists to convert the energy of a vehicle in motion into thermal energy, more commonly referred to as heat. From
More informationunit 10 lubricating systems
FUEL TANK unit 10 lubricating systems An engine needs oil between its moving parts. The oil keeps the parts from rubbing on each other. When the parts do not rub on each other they do not wear out as quickly.
More informationA CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF WIND FRICTION REDUCTION ATTACHMENTS TO THE REAR PORTION OF A CAR FOR BETTER FUEL ECONOMY AT HIGH SPEEDS
A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF WIND FRICTION REDUCTION ATTACHMENTS TO THE REAR PORTION OF A CAR FOR BETTER FUEL ECONOMY AT HIGH SPEEDS D.Krishna Mohan Raju, M.Tech, Prof. & H.O.D of Mechanical Dept., Sri Venkateswara
More informationVehicle Body Shape Analysis of Tricycles for Reduction in Fuel Consumption
Vehicle Body Shape Analysis of Tricycles for Reduction in Fuel Consumption Metu Chidiebere, Aduloju Sunday Christopher*, Bolarinwa Gabriel Oladeji, Olenyi Joseph, Dania David E. Abstract National Engineering
More information(3) When the brake pedal of the car is pushed, brake pads press against very hard steel discs.
Q1. A car travels along a level road at 20 metres per second. (a) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in 4 seconds. (Show your working.) (b) When the brake pedal of the car is pushed, brake pads
More informationTire Information. Example of a wear indicator mark
Tire Information Maintenance To safely operate your vehicle, your tires must be of the proper type and size, in good condition with adequate tread, and properly inflated. Inflation Guidelines Properly
More informationFigure 1: Forces Are Equal When Both Their Magnitudes and Directions Are the Same
Moving and Maneuvering 1 Cornerstone Electronics Technology and Robotics III (Notes primarily from Underwater Robotics Science Design and Fabrication, an excellent book for the design, fabrication, and
More informationLecture- 6: Multi quadrant Operation. Multi quadrant Operation
Lecture- 6: Multi quadrant Operation Multi quadrant Operation For consideration of multi quadrant operation of drives, it is useful to establish suitable conventions about the signs of torque and speed.
More informationPerodua Myvi engine fuel consumption map and fuel economy vehicle simulation on the drive cycles based on Malaysian roads
Perodua Myvi engine fuel consumption map and fuel economy vehicle simulation on the drive cycles based on Malaysian roads Muhammad Iftishah Ramdan 1,* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains
More informationABS. Prof. R.G. Longoria Spring v. 1. ME 379M/397 Vehicle System Dynamics and Control
ABS Prof. R.G. Longoria Spring 2002 v. 1 Anti-lock Braking Systems These systems monitor operating conditions and modify the applied braking torque by modulating the brake pressure. The systems try to
More informationTIRE - CONTRIBUTION TO TIRE - PAVEMENT INTERACTIONS REQUIREMENTS WITHIN THE BALANCE OF PERFORMANCES REQUIRED FOR A SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
TIRE - CONTRIBUTION TO TIRE - PAVEMENT INTERACTIONS REQUIREMENTS WITHIN THE BALANCE OF PERFORMANCES REQUIRED FOR A SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY (Communication limited to passenger car tires) Dr. Joachim Neubauer
More informationThe characteristics of each type of service are given in table 1 given below:
Types of Railway Services There are three types of passenger services which traction system has to cater for namely Urban, Sub-urban and Main line services. 1. Urban or city service In this type of service
More informationReliable Temperature Compensation is Critical to CNG Vehicle Safety
Reliable Temperature Compensation is Critical to CNG Vehicle Safety August 18, 2014 This Technical Bulletin addresses the potential hazards created by failure of compressed natural gas (CNG) dispensers
More informationINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR NPTEL ONLINE CERTIFICATION COURSE. On Industrial Automation and Control
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR NPTEL ONLINE CERTIFICATION COURSE On Industrial Automation and Control By Prof. S. Mukhopadhyay Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Kharagpur Topic Lecture
More information