Co-Authors: Mark J Mutton BSEE D. Greg Walker PhD Peter L. Schmidt PhD Dan Rabin DSWCDD

Transcription

1 1 Industrial Measurement Systems, Inc Beverly Drive Aurora, IL Presentation By: Donald E. Yuhas Ph.D. Phone: (630) Website: Co-Authors: Mark J Mutton BSEE D. Greg Walker PhD Peter L. Schmidt PhD Dan Rabin DSWCDD

2 Improved Gun Safety Auto ignition or cook-off is one of the most serious safety concerns when firing large caliber guns. Researchers inability to perform measurements at locations where they are needed 2

3 Velocity of Sound is a Function of Temperature Steel Velocity Coefficient = -155 ppm/ o C Velocity (Km/sec) Temperature (F) 3

4 4 Temperature Localization Precise Timing Measurements to Measure Temperature & Erosion Echoes from Rifled Section Amplitude (Volts) Time (Microseconds) Determining Inner Chamber Surface Temperature Change of Echo Separation (Velocity Temperature Coefficient) X (Echo Separation)

5 Multiple Successful Live Fire Trials NETS (Non-Intrusive Erosion and Temperature Sensor) prototype installed on the MK45 MOD 4 Gun at NSWCDD and NLOS-C at Yuma, Az. For live fire experiments in Accurate Internal Temperature Measurement Transient Temperature Measurement Off-line Heat Flux Calculations 5

6 Long Term Stability 300 Trial 3 Combined Avg. Barrel & Rifled Region 250 Amplitude (Volts) Echoes from Rifled Section Time (Microseconds) Temperature (F) Time (Minutes) Local & Average barrel Temperature for 40 Firings of Mark 45 Mod 4 Gun 6

7 Typical Response Amplitude (Volts) Echoes from Rifled Section Time (Microseconds) Ultrasonic Temperature for Two Firings of Mark 45 Mod 4 Gun Normalized to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. 7

8 Essential Components Ultrasonic Sensors High Speed Data Acquisition High Bandwidth Ultrasonic Instrumentation High Speed Data transfer/storage Independent Temperature Sensor /Normalization Cooperative/Characterized Materials 8

9 Rapid Response (no lag/lead) Technology offers the potential for temperature measurement on a microsecond timeframe. (Graphic depicts Ultrasonic Temperature data collected every 200 usec.) 9

10 Surface Temperature & Heat Flux The Integral relation between ultrasonic time-of-flight and temperature is advantageous for inversion methods) G () x x 1+ α = 2 0, c ( ξ) δθ( ξ) ( ξ θ() ξ ) d ξ Temperature UT TC Depth 10

11 Surface Temperature & Heat Flux t o Depth Inverse methods applied to ultrasonic data can be used to determine surface temperature and heat flux t 1 Depth t 2 Depth 11

12 Comparison of Remote Ultrasonic and Intrusive Thermocouple Data Ultrasonic Sensor Invasive Coaxial- Thermocouple 25 mm IR off IR Source IR on 12

13 Comparison of Remote Ultrasonic and Intrusive Thermocouple Data a) b) Surface Temperature Estimates Independent of Heat Flux Functional Form 13

14 Ultrasonic Temperature and Heat Flux Sensor Gun Safety and Research Casting/molding Heat Transfer Studies Combustion Chamber Instabilities Jet Engines Hypersonic Aeroshells 14

15 Attributes Features, Advantages, and Benefit of the Ultrasonic Technology Temperature Non-Intrusive Direct Measurment Remote sensing in harsh environments Erosion Transient Temperature At Sea Measurement Continuously Monitor Non-Intrusive High Speed Measurements Long term integrity reliability Very Rapid Remote measurements to aid in R/D Heat Flux Non-Intrusive High Speed Response Instantaneous Response to Flow 15

16 Ultrasonic Temperature and Heat Flux Sensor Summary: Local temperature measurements in live fire experiments on MK 45 Mod 4 and NLOS C Platforms Rapid response (no lag) Single reflector Inversions for surface temperature and heat flux estimates. NEXT STEP: Improve Inversion Methods Alternate Structures Alternate Materials Incorporate Direct-Deposited Sensors More Extensive Field Testing 16

17 Temperature Measurements in Inaccessible Places Non-destructive nature of the measurements allows for easy implementation without disruption to ongoing tests. Balls Sensor Inner race Outer race Cage 17

18 Ultrasonic Temperature and Heat Flux Sensor Technology Thanks For Listening! Slide Contacts Binder Ring (Aerodraulic Cylinder) Force Modulator Test In 300-Ton Clearing Press Pressure vs. Stroke (inches) Tighter Mfg. Tolerance Will Reduce Fluctuation Initial Slide Shock Absorbed High Pressure (Psi ) Stroke (inches) Press Bottom Dead Center, Return Delay Predetermined By Customer 4.0 T o n n ag e Cylinder #1 High Pressure Chamber Cylinder #2 High Pressure Chamber Donald E. Yuhas Ph.D. Mark J. Mutton BSEE President R & D Engineer DYuhas@imsysinc.com MMutton@imsysinc.com Industrial Measurement Systems, Inc Beverly Dr. Aurora, IL 60504

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20 Mach 6 Wind Tunnel Mark 45 Mod 5 Ultrasonic Sensor Ultrasonic Sensor 15 x 107 Heat Flux (W/m 2 ) Time (s) 100KW/m^2 140MW/m^2 20

21 Inverse Solution 21

22 Temperature (F) Temperature/Time-of-flight Log Step discontinuity Time (minutes) T 1 T2 T4 delta tt Delta Transit Time (nanosec) Three Thermocouples Vs Time of flight of ultrasonic pulse 22

23 In-Wall RTD 0.05 from Heated Surface RTD (T1) TOP (T5) Bottom (T2) Middle (T4) Lower (T3) 23

24 a ) Steel 25 mm Samp Insulati lecoax on Thermocou ple a) b) Ultrasonic Sensor Steel Steel 25 mm Sample Insulation Coax Thermocouple 25 mm Sample Insulation IR Source

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