Fundamentals of Petrochemical Industry

Transcription

1 Fundamentals of Petrochemical Industry Akil Sahiwala Marketing Manager Dow Polyurethanes The Dow Chemical Company

2 AGENDA Petrochemical Value Chain Overview Feedstocks to the Industry Chemical Value Chains Impact on the Region 2

3 World of Chemicals Petrochemicals Specialty Chemicals Raw Materials Fertilizers Consumer Care Products Basic Inorganic Life Sciences Industrial gasses Basic + Intermediates 3

4 Petrochemical Value Chain Upstream Feedstock Processing Monomers/ Base Chem Derivatives /Intermediates Specialties / Conversion Retail Oil Ethylene Propylene Olefins C4s Gas Benzene Coal Toluene Aromatics Xylene Methanol 4

5 Feedstock Processing Crude Oil Naphtha Associated Gas Gas Processing Petchem Feedstock Crude Gasoline Diesel Refining Kerosene LPG Fuel Oil Separation Blending Conversion Treatment 5

6 Feedstock Processing Gas Wet Oil Separator Water Separator Water Sulfur/ CO 2 Separator Sulfur/ Carbon Dioxide Dry Gas (Methane) Industry, Residential, Electricity Gas ~90% Oil/Condensate NGL Separator Fractionator Ethane ~10% Propane Butane Light Naphtha 6

7 Shale Gas What s Different? orizontal drilling in low permeability source rock Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing with proppants Multiple wells from one well pad 7

8 Coal to Chemicals Coal Methanol Ethylene Propylene Methanol Reactor Methanol to Olefins Plant Syngas Ammonia Urea Methanol to Propylene DME Acrylic Acid Coke Calcium Carbide Acetylene VAM PVC 8

9 Biofuels Sugarcane Dehydration Ethanol is broken into ethylene & water Polymerization Transformation of ethylene to LLDPE 320 KTA 350 KTA 9

10 Olefins Flow Olefins Unsaturated straight chains with a double carbon bond Crude Oil Refinery Naptha Ethylene Propylene Methane/ydrogen C C Ethylene Natural Gas Gas Separation Unit Ethane Propane Butane Crude C4s Pygas BTX C C C Propylene Condensates eavy Aromatics C5/C6 Non Aromatics Fuel Oil 10

11 Steam Cracking Product Mix By Feedstock 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Natural Gas Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks 0% Ethane Propane Light Naphtha Ethylene Propylene C4s Methane/ydrogen BTX Other Pygas Fuel Oil 11

12 Petrochemical Value Chain Upstream Feedstock Processing Monomers/ Base Chem Derivatives /Intermediates Specialties / Conversion Retail Ethylene Polyethylene Ethane Ethylene Oxide Propane/Butane Naphtha EDC / PVC Styrene 12

13 Propylene - Sources 13

14 Propylene Value Chain Upstream Feedstock Processing Monomers/ Base Chem Derivatives /Intermediates Specialties / Conversion Retail Propylene Polypropylene Ethane Propylene Oxide Propane/Butane Naphtha Acrylic Acid Phenol 14

15 Other Value Chains Upstream Feedstock Processing Monomers/ Base Chem Derivatives /Intermediates Specialties / Conversion Retail Methane Coal Methanol Formaldehyde Acetic Gasoline 15

16 Aromatics Key Facts Aromatics are based around a common cyclical structure of 6 carbon atoms which are connected by alternating single and double bonds The three most commercially important aromatics are: Benzene Toluene Mixed Xylenes Benzene is the largest and most diverse of the aromatic markets Toluene s main chemical use is in the production of TDI (toluene di-isocyanate), an intermediate in the production of flexible polyurethanes, commonly used for foam seating Mixed Xylenes are used extensively in gasoline blending, but also can be used to produce polyester resins Aromatics Benzene: C 6 6 Toluene: C 7 8 Para Xylene: C 8 10 Structure 16

17 Benzene Value Chain Upstream Feedstock Processing Monomers/ Base Chem Derivatives /Intermediates Specialties / Conversion Retail Benzene MDI Nylon Propane/Butane Naphtha Ethylene Styrene Propylene Phenol 17

18 Value Impact on the Region Value Generator Petrochemicals Refinery Crude oil/ gas Employment Direct Indirect 150, ,000 Diversification Upstrea m Feedstock Processing Monomers/ Base Chem Derivatives /Intermediat es Specialties / Conversion Retail Move towards Downstream Innovation Patents 18

19 Thank You