Ballast Water Management

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1 MARITIME Ballast Water Management Status, implementation and technologies DNV GL Forum, Madrid - 23 April 2014 MARTIN OLOFSSON DNV GL 2013 BWM SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

2 Agenda General contents of the Ballast Water Management Convention USCG requirements on BWM and differences to BWMC Implementation dates for treatment systems, IMO versus USCG Technologies for treatment Type approval process, IMO versus USCG Conclusions and best advice Q & A 2

Ballast Water Management Convention Ballast Water Management Plan (approved) Ballast Water Record Book Ballast water exchange (standard D-1) Sequential exchange method (s) Flow-through exchange

3 Ballast Water Management Convention Ballast Water Management Plan (approved) Ballast Water Record Book Ballast water exchange (standard D-1) Sequential exchange method (s) Flow-through exchange method (f) Dilution exchange method (d) 95% (3 times) Ballast water treatment (standard D-2) 10 viable organisms / m3 (> 50 micrometres) 10 viable organisms / ml (10-50 micrometres) Indicator microbes (toxic Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia, Intestinal Enterococci) Sediment management Surveys (initial, annual, intermediate, renewal) International Ballast Water Management Certificate 3

A-4) Ballast free ships Local trade (flag and operation only under same party) Local trade (flag of party and operation under another

4 Application of the BWM Convention Applies - Party to the Convention; or - Sailing in waters of a Party Does not apply International BWM Certificate Exemptions (Reg. A-4) Ballast free ships Local trade (flag and operation only under same party) Local trade (flag of party and operation under another party only) Navy ships Permanent ballast water Exceptions (Reg. A-3) Between specified ports Five years period Based on risk analysis according to G7 Emergency Accidental Uptake and discharge in high seas Uptake and discharge in the same location 4

5 BWMC Status of ratification 38 states has signed (target 30) 30,38% of world fleet (target 35%) 5

Mongolia Montenegro Netherlands Nigeria Niue Norway Palau Republic of Korea Russian Federation Saint Kitts and Nevis

6 38 countries has signed the BWM Convention Albania Antigua & Barbuda Barbados Brazil Canada Cook Islands Croatia Denmark Egypt France Germany Iran (Islamic Republic of) Kenya Kiribati Lebanon Liberia Malaysia Maldives Marshall Islands Mexico Mongolia Montenegro Netherlands Nigeria Niue Norway Palau Republic of Korea Russian Federation Saint Kitts and Nevis Sierra Leone South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Trinidad & Tobago Tuvalu 30,38% of world fleet (target 35%) 6

Not signed the BWM Convention Country GT Panama 20,87% Hong Kong, China 7,59% Singapore 5,73% Bahamas 4,67% Malta 4,35% Greece 3,97% China 3,75% United Kingdom 2,90% Cyprus

7 Not signed the BWM Convention Country GT Panama 20,87% Hong Kong, China 7,59% Singapore 5,73% Bahamas 4,67% Malta 4,35% Greece 3,97% China 3,75% United Kingdom 2,90% Cyprus 1,91% Italy 1,74% Japan 1,72% Indonesia 0,98% India 0,82% Turkey 0,62% Philippines 0,42% St. Vincent & Grenadines 0,27% Thailand 0,25% Kuwait 0,24% Source: IMO and UK DoT

IMO implementation schedule - BWTS BWM Convention enters into force before 31 December 2016 constructed year BW capacity (m 3 ) new schedule before 2009 between 1500 and 5000 less than 1500 or

8 IMO implementation schedule - BWTS BWM Convention enters into force before 31 December 2016 constructed year BW capacity (m 3 ) new schedule before 2009 between 1500 and 5000 less than 1500 or greater than 5000 first IOPP renewal survey after entry into force of the Convention first IOPP renewal survey after the anniversary date of delivery of ship in 2016 less than 5000 first IOPP renewal survey after entry into force of the Convention 2009 or after between 2009 and or more first IOPP renewal survey after the anniversary date of delivery of ship in 2016 after or more first IOPP renewal survey after entry into force of the Convention BWM Convention enters into force after 31 December2016 The applicable date of compliance with D-2 standard is first IOPP renewal survey after entry into force, for all ships. Ships constructed after entry into force will be required to have a treatment system installed at delivery. 8

USCG implementation schedule - BWTS vessel's ballast water capacity date constructed vessel's compliance date new vessels all on or after 1 December 2013 on delivery less than 1500 m 3 before 1

December 2013 first scheduled drydocking after 1 January 2016 Treatment must be done using either a USCG type approved system or a system type approved by another Administration which the USCG has

9 USCG implementation schedule - BWTS vessel's ballast water capacity date constructed vessel's compliance date new vessels all on or after 1 December 2013 on delivery less than 1500 m 3 before 1 December 2013 first scheduled drydocking after 1 January 2016 existing vessels m 3 before 1 December 2013 first scheduled drydocking after 1 January 2014 greater than 5000 m 3 before 1 December 2013 first scheduled drydocking after 1 January 2016 Treatment must be done using either a USCG type approved system or a system type approved by another Administration which the USCG has accepted. This is referred to as AMS (Alternate Management System) and is limited to use for up to 5 years. Vessel s management may apply extension of implementation schedule, ref CG-OES Policy Letter No found at Homeport USCG 9

10 Example 1 vessel to install BWTS Vessel is constructed (keel-laid) Vessel is delivered (date of built) Total ballast water capacity m3 requirement IMO BWMC entry into force before 31 December 2016 IMO BWMC entry into force after 31 December 2016 (after 12/2 2017) last date to install BWTS 12 February February 2022 USCG - trade in US waters 12 February

Example 2 vessel to install BWTS Vessel is constructed (keel-laid) 1995-02-10 Vessel is delivered (date of built) 1996-05-15 Total ballast water capacity 64123 m3 requirement IMO BWMC entry into

11 Example 2 vessel to install BWTS Vessel is constructed (keel-laid) Vessel is delivered (date of built) Total ballast water capacity m3 requirement IMO BWMC entry into force before renewal survey in 2016 IMO BWMC entry into force after renewal survey in 2016 USCG - trade in US waters last date to install BWTS 15 May May May 2016 (15 August 2019)* *) If renewal survey is commenced and bottom survey is completed (out of drydock) before 31 December Max 3 years + 3 months to next intermediate survey. 11

12 Biofouling management IMO Resolution MEPC.207(62), is a guidance for what to include in a Biofouling Management Plan USCG Regulation 33 CFR Part 151 requires as of 21 June 2012 the following: 33 CFR (e) and (f) (e) Rinse anchors and anchor chains when the anchor is retrieved to remove organisms and sediments at their places of origin. (f) Remove fouling organisms from the vessel s hull, piping, and tanks on a regular basis and dispose of any removed substances in accordance with local, State and Federal regulations. 33 CFR (g) Maintain a ballast water management (BWM) plan that has been developed specifically for the vessel and that will allow those responsible for the plan s implementation to understand and follow the vessel s BWM strategy and comply with the requirements of this subpart. The plan must include: (3) Detailed fouling maintenance and sediment removal procedures. DNV template Biofouling Management Plan (BFMP) (DNV Internet) Amend Ballast Water Mgmt Plan to include biofouling (text or reference to BFMP) The Biofouling Management Plan shall be ship-specific 12

US EPA and Vessel General Permit Revised requirements for Vessel General Permit (VGP) enters into force 19 December 2013.

13 US EPA and Vessel General Permit Revised requirements for Vessel General Permit (VGP) enters into force 19 December US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) has included requirements for ballast water in the VGP requirements. EPA implementation deadlines for BWTS is same as required by USCG. VGP has additional requirements on BWTS calibration of sensors, sampling of biological indicators and sampling of residual biocides. Records to be retained on board for 3 years. 13

14 Type Approval of BWTS IMO BWMC require a TA certificate by the Administration (flag State) or that such flag State acknowledge another Administration s TA certificate, in writing (ref Reg. D-3 and G ) USCG USCG requires (ref 33 CFR ) a TA certificate, issued by USCG in accordance with 46 CFR BWTS with IMO TA certificate (by and Administration) can after a review process by USCG be listed as AMS (Alternate Management System) An AMS system can be used 5 years from the date vessel is required to have a BWTS installed. 14

15 IMO type approval process BWMS System using active substances (G9) shall have basic+final approval by GESAMP Land-based testing 5x Biological Efficacy testing in marine water 5x Biological Efficacy testing in brackish water 5x Biological Efficacy testing in fresh water Toxicity testing (if active substance) Treat >200 m3 and hold for 5 days before discharge Shipboard testing 3x consecutive Biological Efficacy testing on board ship during >6 months Environmental testing (electric components) Vibration in resonance frequencies (2h); high/low temperature; water splash testing; voltage variations; roll and pitching Verification of scaled units Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP); Quality Management Plan (QMP); Test Plan 15

16 USCG type approval process BWMS Readiness evaluation; commissioning testing; ready for testing; Operation, Maintenance and Safety Manual Manufacturer shall not be involved during testing Land-based testing 5x consecutive Biological Efficacy testing in marine water 5x consecutive Biological Efficacy testing in brackish water 5x consecutive Biological Efficacy testing in fresh water Treat >200 m3 and hold for 24 hours before discharge Operation and maintenance (O&M) test cycles (5x 2000 m3) Shipboard testing 5x consecutive Biological Efficacy testing on board ship during >6 months Whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing (if active substances) Environmental testing (electric components) Vibration in resonance frequencies (4h); high/low temperature; water splash testing; voltage variations; roll and pitching Verification of scaled units Quality Assurance Project Plan; Quality Management Plan; Test Plan 16

17 Scope of Type Approval H 2 H 2 H 2 O 3 O 3 O 3 Biological Efficacy WET Environmental testing W W H 2 Class focus safe installation pressure vessels piping electrical installation EMC power balance (retrofit) marine standard equipment enhanced environmental testing on control and switch boxes (IMO) Administration Type Approval MEPC.174(58) DNV Safety Assessment DNV on behalf of (IMO) Administration Type Approval MEPC.174(58) USCG Type Approval 46 CFR ETV protocol Class case-by-case plan approval GL Class Approval (principal approval) DNV TAP & Class Rules Class requirements 17

parts of the treated water Will need back-flush pump Will clog

18 Filters A Filter: Is not a stand alone technology Will reduce the treatment load for a 2 nd treatment step Will back-flush parts of the treated water Will need back-flush pump Will clog if high sediment or algae bloom Does not reduce mud in the BW tanks 18

19 UV treatment Two way treatment Must have pre-treatment Quartz sleeve fouling High energy consumption No chemicals Ambient water independent 19

20 Disinfection by chlorine generated by electrolysis Stand alone treatment technology One way treatment Generation of disinfectant from seawater by applying current Hypochlorite 2 types: slip stream & inline treatment By-product: Hydrogen gas (H 2 ) 20

21 Biocide injection from concentrate Hypochlorite stored onboard Not source water dependent No hydrogen bi-product Highly toxic Dependent on chemical suppliers 21

in seawater /freshwater More effective in sea water Ozone is

22 Ozone Weak bond O3 (high oxidation potential) Oxidizable Substance BrO2- Can be a stand alone treatment technology Different properties in seawater /freshwater More effective in sea water Ozone is hazardous in c >0,1ppm Weak bond O3 Sea water BrO2- Biocide (bromate ion) BrO3-22

23 Cavitation / Pressure drop Occurs under rapid changes of pressure Cells collapse Efficient against larger organisms Booster pump needed Can replace a filter as pre-treatment 23

24 Pasteurization Stand alone technology Disinfection by heating water to 70 C and applying a holding time Waste heat recovery as heat source Recirculation needed 24

25 De oxygenation Nitrogen as inert gas Oxygen molecule changes place with N 2. Long holding time Several low oxygen resistant microorganisms 25

26 1/6 Manufacturers Type Approval BWMS (updated Feb 2014) manufacturer ctry BWT System technologies Alfawall AB SE PureBallast 2.0/2.0 Ex Alfawall AB SE PureBallast 3.0/3.0 Ex advanced oxidization + filtration advanced oxidization + filtration active subst. stage of approval Admin. DNV TA AMS Yes Type Appr. Norway Yes Yes Type Appr. Norway Yes Auramarine FI CrystalBallast UV + filtration No Type Appr. Norway Yes Headway Marine Technology CN OceanGuard BWMS electrocatalysis + filtration + ultrasound Yes Type Appr. Norway Yes & China Knutsen OAS NO KBAL pressure drop + UV No Type Appr. Norway Yes MMC NO MMC BWMS UV + filtration No Type Appr. Norway Yes NK Co., Ltd. KR NK-O3 BlueBallast System ozonation Yes Type Appr. Norway Yes & Korea OceanSaver NO OceanSaver Mk II filtration + electrolysis Yes Type Appr. Norway Yes Optimarin NO Optimarin Ballast System (OBS) UV + filtration No Type Appr. Norway Yes SunRui Company CN BalClor BWMS electrolysis + filtration Yes Type Appr. Norway Yes & China

27 2/6 Manufacturers Type Approval BWMS (updated Feb 2014) manufacturer ctry BWT System technologies active subst. stage of approval Admin. DNV TA AMS Trojan UV US Trojan Marinex UV + filtration No Type Appr. Norway Yes DESMI Ocean Guard AS 21 st Century Shipbuilding Aqua Eng. Co., Ltd. Hyundai HI DK OxyClean BWMS KR ARA Plasma BWMS KR AquaStar AquaStar-Ex KR HiBallast HiBallast-Ex UV + filtration + ozonation UV + filtration + high energy plasma Yes Type Appr. Denmark No No Type Appr. South Korea No filtration + electrolysis Yes Type Appr. South Korea No filtration + electrolysis Yes Type Appr. South Korea No Hyundai HI KR EcoBallast UV + filtration No Type Appr. South Korea No Panasia Co., Ltd. KR GloEn-Patrol UV + filtration No Type Appr. South Korea Submitted Samsung Heavy Industries STX Heavy Industries KR Purimar System filtration + electrolysis Yes Type Appr. South Korea No KR Smart Ballast BWMS electrolysis Yes Type Appr. South Korea No Techcross KR Electro-Cleen System electrolysis Yes Type Appr. South Korea No

28 3/6 Manufacturers Type Approval BWMS (updated Feb 2014) manufacturer ctry BWT System technologies Ecochlor GEA Westfalia Mahle RWO Severn Trent De Nora Erma First US Ecochlor BWMS DE BallastMaster UltraV DE Ocean Protection System (OPS) DE CleanBallast chemcial injection (ClO 2 ) UV + filtration + ultrasound filtration + pre-filtration + filtration filtration + electrolysis + electrochlorination active subst. stage of approval Admin. DNV TA AMS Yes Type Appr. Germany No Yes Type Appr. Germany No No Type Appr. Germany No Yes Type Appr. Germany No US BalPure filtration + electrolysis Yes Type Appr. Germany No GR Erma First BWMS filtration + hydrocyclone + electrolysis Yes Type Appr. Greece No BIO-UV SAS FR BioSea UV + filtration No Type Appr. France No Hyde Marine Inc. US Hyde Guardian UV + filtration No Type Appr. UK No Wärtsilä Water Systems Ltd. Hitachi UK Aquarius UV BWMS UV + filtration No Type Appr. Netherlands No JP Hitachi BWMS (ClearBallast) filtration + coagulation + magnetic separation Yes Type Appr. Japan No 28

29 4/6 Manufacturers Type Approval BWMS (updated Feb 2014) JFE manufacturer ctry BWT System technologies Kuraray Mitsui Eng. and Shipbuilding COSCO Jiangsu Nanji Machinery Shanghai Cyeco Env. Technology Wuxi Brighsky Electronic NEI Bawat AS DESMI OceanGuard AS JP JFE BallastAce JP Microfade chemical injection + filtration filtration + chemical injection active subst. stage of approval Admin. DNV TA AMS Yes Type Appr. Japan No Yes Type Appr. Japan No JP FineBallast OZ cavitation + ozonation Yes Type Appr. Japan No CN Blue Ocean Shield BWMS CN NiBallast BWMS CN Cyeco BWMS CN BSKY BWMS US Venturi Oxygen Stripping DK Bawat BWMS UV + filtration No Type Appr. China No de-oxygenation + micromembrane + filtration UV + filtration + ultrasound UV + ultrasonic + filtration No Type Appr. China Submitted No Type Appr. China No No Type Appr. China Submitted de-oxygenation No Type Appr. MI & Liberia No de-oxygenation + heat treatment No ongoing Denmark Submitted DK RayClean BWMS UV + filtration No ongoing Denmark Submitted 29

30 5/6 Manufacturers Type Approval BWMS (updated Feb 2014) manufacturer ctry BWT System technologies Elite Marine CN Seascape BWMS UV + filtration + ultrasound active subst. stage of approval Admin. DNV TA AMS No ongoing Norway Submitted Dow Chemicals SG Dow-Pinnacle BWMS ozone + filtration Yes ongoing Singapore Submitted Coldharbour Marine UK Coldharbour de-oxygenation No ongoing Sumitomo JP EcoMarine UV + filtration No ongoing Jiujiang Research Institute + SMU CN OceanDoctor BWMS filtration + photocatalization Yes final appr. China No Siemens DE SiCURE BWMS filtration + electrolysis Yes final appr. Germany No 30

31 6/6 Manufacturers Type Approval BWMS (updated Feb 2014) manufacturer ctry BWT System technologies Japanese Association of Marine Safety Wärtsilä Water Systems Ltd. Hanla IMS Co., Ltd. active subst. stage of approval JP SP Hybrid cavitation + ozonation Yes final appr. Japan No UK Aquarius EC BWMS filtration + electrolysis Yes final appr. Netherlands No KR EcoGuardian BWMS filtration + electrolysis Yes final appr. South Korea No Van oord B.V. NL Van oord BWMS freshwater Yes basic appr. Netherlands No Admin. DNV TA AMS Redox NO Redox BWMS UV + filtration + ozonation Yes basic appr. Norway Submitted GEA Westfalia DE BallastMaster EcoP filtration + electrolysis Yes basic appr. 31

32 Installation requirements - performance Max pump capacity = Treatment Rated Capactiy Bypass: - Alarms - Logged - Automatic 32

Installation on tankers Main principles Connection between cargo area and engine room not allowed Rules pre-2007: Intrinsically safe only allowed Treatment systems are not intrinsically safe Rules

33 Installation on tankers Main principles Connection between cargo area and engine room not allowed Rules pre-2007: Intrinsically safe only allowed Treatment systems are not intrinsically safe Rules post-2007: Zones 0, 1, 2 and safe Certified safe, as many of the treatment systems Standards: IIA, T3 minimum oil tanker Up to IIC, T6 chemical tankers Gas carriers: Not an issue as ballast can be led to the engine room 33

34 Installation on tankers Aft peak tank (APT) Water from the cargo area not allowed to be pumped to the engine room or APT. Water from the APT to the cargo area: Two non-return valves mounted in series; and All connections between the APT and the cargo area must be led above deck with penetrations to the pump-room and APT from the main deck level. Penetrations of the engine room/pump-room bulkhead are not acceptable. 34

35 DNV procedures for retrofit of BWTS The installation of a BWTS is considered an alteration of the vessel s design. Applicable drawings and documentation shall be submitted to Class for review and approval. An installation survey shall be performed before the BWTS can be used on board. Requirements to BWTS is found in DNV Rules Pt.4 Ch.1 Sec.3 ( 35

36 Important factors when choosing a system Implementation: Ex-proof: To which standard? Class approved? Operation: Sequence: Ballasting and deballasting? Ballasting only? Holding time: How long do you have to keep the water before discharge? Company credibility Long term service Logistics: service all over the world Treatment efficiency: Safety Corrosion Technology: Able to meet more stringent requirements? Does it work? Is it scaled? Cost Maintenance 36

37 Resources 37

38 DNV Services Class Notation BWM BWM-E (d, f, s), BWM-T Approval of BWM Plan Initial survey Periodical survey (BWM.A/In/C) Statement of Compliance BWMC-SC Examination of BWM Plan Initial survey Periodical survey (BWMC.A/In/R) Certificate of Compliance BWMC-CC Approval of BWM Plan Initial survey Periodical survey (BWMC.A/In/R) Approval of Ballast Water Management Plan Type approval of BW treatment system DNV TA programme No IMO TA on behalf of Norway (DK, SNG) 12 done / 8 in pipeline DNV appointed Independent Lab (USCG TA) Statutory certification (when in force) Issuance of International Ballast Water Management Certificate (IBWM) Approval and survey of retrofits Installation of treatment systems on board Plan approval Risk assessment (hydrogen / ozone) Installation survey CLEAN DESIGN require D-2 treatment Advisory Feasibility study per ship type (36crit/6dimrec) Risk assessment (fauna/invasion) 38

39 DNV GL Approval Centre Høvik, Norway Environmental Protection (MCANO386) SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER 39

Biosecurity (Methods of Ballast Water Management) Approval 2016

Biosecurity (Methods of Ballast Water Management) Approval 2016 I, Daryl Quinlivan, Director of Biosecurity, make the following instrument. Dated 24 May 2016 Daryl Quinlivan Director of Biosecurity Contents