HIGH PRESSURE SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EFFICIENCY IN REMOVING HYDROCARBON MACHINE COOLANTS FROM METAL COUPONS AND COMPONENTS PARTS
|
|
- Dale Anderson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 101 HIGH PRESSURE SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EFFICIENCY IN REMOVING HYDROCARBON MACHINE COOLANTS FROM METAL COUPONS AND COMPONENTS PARTS Robert F. Salerno Organic MateriaUSurface Modification EG&G Mound Applied Technologies Miamisburg, Ohio High pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide efficiency in removing hydrocarbon machine coolants (production process contaminants) from metal coupons and component parts was evaluated. Solubility experiments were performed on Cimperial 1011, Cimperial 15, Gulfcut 11D machine coolants. Extraction experiments were conducted on machine coolant contaminated aluminum and 303 stainless steel coupons (1.5 in. x 0.25 in.), as well as detonator production components. The solubility/fractionation experiments were conducted in a screening supercritical carbon dioxide system. The solubilities of Cimperial 1011 and Cimperial 15 were measured at 50 C, 13.8 Mpa. The solubilities of Cimperial 1011 and Gulfcut 11D were also measured at 35"C, 13.8 Mpa. In addition, coolant fractions were collected for gas chromatography analysis. Extraction (cleaning) experiments were conducted in a supercritical carbon dioxide feasibility system, utilizing a 300 ml process vessel. Cleaning trials were conducted at 35"C, 13.8 Mpa with carbon dioxide contact times of minutes. Residual machine coolant concentrations on coupons and components cleaned with high pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide were determined by a hexane rinselcapillary gas chromatography analysis procedure. The studies revealed that the three machine coolants are all soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide with solubilities ranging from 1.06 weight percent (wt %) to 4.69 wt %. Also, cleaning experiments conducted showed variations in the amount of residual machine coolants on coupons and components regardless of carbon dioxide contact time. Residual contaminants ranged from 3.0 to 840 mg. Under the stated experimental conditions this study has demonstrated that high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide shows potential as a cleaning media for removing hydrocarbon machine coolants from metal substrates. If optimized in production cleaning applications the use of such a process would reduce plant waste streams significantly. INTRODUCTION Until recently, production cleaning processes have relied on halogenated solvents as cleaning media for removal of production process contaminants. However, government regulations concerning the use and disposal of these products are becoming more and more restrictive. As a result, considerable interest has been generated in developing cleaning processes that use environmentally acceptable cleaning agents and that reduce or eliminate hazardous waste. As part of the Department of Energy (DOE) waste minimization efforts, EG&G Mound Applied Technologies (MAT) has been working to develop a final cleaning process for production parts using supercritical carbon dioxide as a substitute for halogenated cleaning agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide in removing hydrocarbon machine coolants (production process contaminants) from stainless steel and aluminum coupons and component parts (Inconel-glass ceramic).
2 SCOPE OF EXPERIMENTATION Four solubility trials and eleven extraction experiments were conducted. The solubility/fractionation experiments were carried out in a small screening system. Four trials on the three coolants were completed. Solubilities of Cimperial 1011 and Cimperial 15 were measured at 5O"C, 13.8 Mpa. The solubilities of Cimperial 1011 and Gulfcut 11D were also measured at 35 C and 13.8 Mpa. In addition to determining solubilities, various fractions of the coolants were collected for subsequent analysis. Cleaning experiments were conducted in a Feasibility System, utilizing its 300 ml process vessel. Cleaning trials were conducted at a temperature of 35"C, a pressure of 13.8 Mpa, and contact times of minutes. The objective of the program was to demonstrate that supercritical carbon dioxide could remove contaminants to a residual level on the order of 1-10 mg/cm2. Determination of the effects of operating pressure and temperature on the solubility of the three machine coolants was also sought. Residual oil concentrations on coupons and components cleaned with supercritical carbon dioxide were determined by a hexane rinse/capiilary gas chromatography analysis procedure. Screening Unit PROCESS EQUIPMENT The solubility/fractionation experiments were conducted in a Screening Unit, which consists of a 300 ml extractor, one 70 ml separator, a solvent pump, heat exchangers, and a back pressure regulator. A diagram of the screening unit is shown in Figure 1. A screening unit operates as follows: Liquid carbon dioxide from a dip-tube storage cylinder is subcooled using a glycol-cooled heat exchanger to prevent vaporization in the solvent pump. For carbon dioxide, cylinder pressure is the saturation pressure at ambient temperature, about 6.2 Mpa. The subcooled solvent is compressed from cylinder pressure to the extraction pressure, 13.8 Mpa for this series, using a reciprocating, packed-plunger Pump. An electric heat exchanger raises the high pressure solvent to the extraction temperature, which was maintained in the range of 35 C - 50 C for this series. The solvent, now at supercritical conditions, flows continuously upward through a sample of machine coolant in the extractor vessel. Electric band heaters under temperature control maintain the extractor at the desired temperature. Supercritical solvent, containing a soluble fraction of the contaminants or test material from the feed, leaves the extractor and flows through a back pressure regulator, which is electrically heated. Flow through this valve reduces the stream's pressure to atmospheric so that the fluid entering the separation vessel is now a gas and no longer has good solvent properties. Electric heaters on the separator vessel are used to control the separation temperature. The material previously dissolved in the solvent precipitates in the separator as a solid or liquid that can be easily removed from the system. For the solubility /fractionation experiments, the solvent flow was stopped, the separator removed, and the soluble fraction collected after each approximately 600 g of carbon dioxide passed through the system. in this way, multiple fractions (3-4), which could be averaged to determine an approximate solubility, were collected. In addition, the fractions could be physically examined and analyzed to observe their different physical characteristics. Feasibility Unit The cleaning experiments were conducted in a feasibility unit. A diagram of the unit is
3 103 shown in Figure 2. The feasibility unit consists of a 300 ml extractor, one or two 70 ml separators, and associated pumps, heat exchangers, and pressure control valves. It is used to conduct batch extractions of small samples of solids or liquids to determine feasibility of desired separations. The unit includes a co-solvent pump for adding a small amount of liquid co-solvent to the supercritical fluid to modify the solubility characteristics of the solvent system. In addition, the unit has a recirculation pump, which moves supercritical fluid through the extraction vessel at a high velocity. Also, the unit has been designed to allow flammable supercritical solvents, such as hydrocarbons, to be safely employed. The feasibility unit operates as follows: Liquid carbon dioxide from a dip-tube storage cylinder is subcooled using a glycol-cooled heat exchanger to prevent vaporization in the main pump. For carbon dioxide, cylinder pressure is the saturation pressure at ambient temperature, about 6.2 Mpa. The subcooled solvent is compressed from cylinder pressure to the extraction pressure, 13.8 Mpa for this series, using a reciprocating, packed-plunger pump. An electric heat exchanger raises the high pressure solvent to the extraction temperature, which was maintained at 35 C for this series. The solvent, now at supercritical conditions, flows continuously upward through a batch of materials (feed) in the extractor vessel. Electric band heaters under temperature control maintain the extractor at the desired temperature. Supercritical solvent, containing soluble components from the feed, leaves the extractor and is split into two streams. The majority of the solvent is recirculated back into the extraction vessel via the recirculation pump. A small flow enters a separation area contained in a temperature controlled oven. Within the oven, the solvent flows through a pressure control valve, which is electrically heated. Flow through this valve reduces the stream's pressure so that the fluid entering the separation vessel is more "gas- like" and no longer has good solvent properties. Control of the oven temperature and of the electric heaters on the separator vessel itself determines the separation temperature. The material previously dissolved in the solvent precipitates in the separator as a solid or liquid that can be subsequently removed from the system. The solvent leaving the first separator can flow through an additional control valve into a second separator, where material may be collected under different pressure and temperature conditions. Solvent leaving the second separator can be directed through a cold trap, cooled by dry ice, to collect very volatile components. From the cold trap, the solvent stream passes through a dry test meter to measure flow rate and is then vented to the atmosphere. TEST COUPONS AND COMPONENTS To determine the efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide in the removal of machine coolants, thirty test coupon disks, 1.5 in. dim x 0.25 in. thick, were used. Twenty of the disks were 303 stainless steel and ten were aluminum. An additional twenty small Inconel glass ceramic components, having an overall cylindrical shape and approximately 0.5 in. diam x in. long, were tested. The coupons were cleaned two at a time. They were positioned on edge and suspended one above the other in the center of the cleaning vessel. Small pieces of stainless steel screen were used to keep the coupons in a vertical position and away from the vessel walls. Carbon dioxide entered through a port and distributor at the bottom of the cleaning vessel, passed up over the surfaces of the two coupons, and exited the cleaning vessel through the cover. This assembly provided high solvent velocity and good contact across the coupon surfaces.
4 shown in Figure 2. The feasibility unit consists of a 300 ml extractor, one or two 70 ml separators, and associated pumps, heat exchangers, and pressure control valves. It is used to conduct batch extractions of small samples of solids or liquids to determine feasibility of desired separations. The unit includes a co-solvent pump for adding a small amount of liquid co-solvent to the supercritical fluid to modify the solubility characteristics of the solvent system. In addition, the unit has a recirculation pump, which moves supercritical fluid through the extraction vessel at a high velocity. Also, the unit has been designed to allow flammable supercritical solvents, such as hydrocarbons, to be safely employed. The feasibility unit operates as follows: Liquid carbon dioxide from a dip-tube storage cylinder is subcooled using a glycol-cooled heat exchanger to prevent vaporization in the main pump. For carbon dioxide, cylinder pressure is the saturation pressure at ambient temperature, about 6.2 Mpa. The subcooled solvent is compressed from cylinder pressure to the extraction pressure, 13.8 Mpa for this series, using a reciprocating, packed-plunger pump. An electric heat exchanger raises the high pressure solvent to the extraction temperature, which was maintained at 35 "C for this series. The solvent, now at supercritical conditions, flows continuously upward through a batch of materials (feed) in the extractor vessel. Electric band heaters under temperature control maintain the extractor at the desired temperature. Supercritical solvent, containing soluble components from the feed, leaves ihe extractor and is split into two streams. The majority of the solvent is recirculated back into the extraction vessel via the recirculation pump. A small flow enters a separation area contained in a temperature controlled oven. Within the oven, the solvent flows through a pressure control valve, which is electrically heated. Flow through this valve reduces the stream's pressure so that the fluid entering the separation vessel is more "gas- like" and no longer has good solvent properties. Control of the oven temperature and of the electric heaters on the separator vessel itself determines the separation temperature. The material previously dissolved in the solvent precipitates in the separator as a solid or liquid that can be subsequently removed from the system. The solvent leaving the first separator can flow through an additional control valve into a second separator, where material may be collected under different pressure and temperature conditions. Solvent leaving the second separator can be directed through a cold trap, cooled by dry ice, to collect very volatile components. From the cold trap, the solvent stream passes through a dry test meter to measure flow rate and is then vented to the atmosphere. TEST COUPONS AND COMPONENTS To determine the efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide in the removal of machine coolants, thirty test coupon disks, 1.5 in. diam x 0.25 in. thick, were used. Twenty of the disks were 303 stainless steel and ten were aluminum. An additional twenty small Inconel glass ceramic components, having an overall cylindrical shape and approximately 0.5 in. diam x in. long, were tested. The coupons were cleaned two at a time. They were positioned on edge and suspended one above the other in the center of the cleaning vessel. Small pieces of stainless steel screen were used to keep the coupons in a vertical position and away from the vessel walls. Carbon dioxide entered through a port and distributor at the bottom of the cleaning vessel, passed up over the surfaces of the two coupons, and exited the cleaning vessel through the cover. This assembly provided high solvent velocity and good contact across the coupon surfaces. 103
5 Carbon Dioxide MATERIALS Commercial grade liquid carbon dioxide from Liquid Carbonic Corporation was used for all experiments in this program. The standards for this grade of carbon dioxide are shown in Table 1. Machine Coolants The three hydrocarbon machine coolants studied were Cimperial 101 1, Gulfcut 1 ld, and Cimperial 15. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Cleaning The coupons were coated with oil in the following fashion: First, a clean, dry coupon was weighed. Approximately 50 mg of machine coolant was then poured onto a nonlinting, absorbent towel. The oil was wiped onto the surface of the coupon with care to evenly coat the entire surface. Finally, the coupon with machine coolant was weighed again; the weight gain was recorded. This procedure resulted in an average of 5.5 mg of oil being deposited onto the coupon. After completing the coating procedure, the coupons were loaded, two per experiment, into the 300 ml cleaning vessel. The vessel was closed, and the system was purged with low pressure carbon dioxide for about 5 minutes. After purging, the vessel was pressurized via the solvent pump. Control of system pressure was maintained by adjusting the pressure control valve on the outlet of the extractor. Solvent flow was established through the system and controlled by varying the stroke rate of the solvent pump. Simultaneous with the pressurization of the extraction vessel, temperatures were brought to the desired levels and maintained via electric heaters. Once operating conditions were reached, the recirculation pump was turned on, and a high flow of solvent was maintained up through the cleaning vessel. A steady flow of supercritical solvent was maintained so that the solvent-to-feed ratio increased with time. When the desired cleaning time had been reached, solvent flow was stopped by turning off the solvent pump and the recirculation pump. The system was depressurized by slowly venting the solvent through the separator and out the vent system. Once the extraction vessel had returned to atmospheric pressure, the vessel was opened and the coupons were carefully lifted out for analysis. Hexane Rinse ANALYTICAL The cleaned coupons and components were carefully removed from the extraction vessel and rinsed with two, 4.0 ml aliquots of high purity hexane. The two hexane aliquots were combined and evaporated down to about 1.0 ml in volume. This sample was then transferred to a reaction vial and further evaporated to 500 ml. Capillary GC Analysis All samples were analyzed on a Perkin Elmer #8320 Capillary Gas Chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. A 15-m, RTX-1 non-polar column (0.53 mm i.d., 0.5 micron film) was used. The details of the chromatographic method are provided in Table 2. Hexane concentrate injections of 1.0 ml were made with the GC in a split injection mode. Figures 3 and 4 are chromatograms of the hexane rinses of the coupons and components after cleaning with COz. RESULTS The three machine coolants studied, Cimperial 1011, Gulfcut 1 ld, and Cimperial 15, are all soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide. A table of the solubility measurements is as 104
6 follows: - Oil Temu. Pressure Wt. % Solubility Cimperial C 13.8Mpa 2.17 Gulfcut 11D 35 C 13.8 Mpa 4.69 Cimperial C 13.8 Mpa 1.33 Cimperial C 13.8 Mpa 1.06 Although the table of solubility measurements is incomplete, it appears that Gulfcut 11D is more soluble than Cimperial 1011, which is more soluble than Cimperial 15. Supercritical carbon dioxide can clean Cimperial 1011, Gulfcut 11D, and Cimperial 15 from coupons and components at the operating conditions studied. Average residual contamination on the order of 0.65% of the initial loading was found at the conclusion of nearly every cleaning experiment, independent of experimental conditions studied to date. CONCLUSIONS 1. Supercritical carbon dioxide is very effective in removing Cimperial 101 1, Cimperial 15, and Gulfcut 11D from the surface of aluminum and stainless steel coupons at operating conditions of 35 C and 2000 psig. Residual oil concentrations equivalent to less than or equal to 0.15 mg/cm2 (99.94% removal efficiency) were achieved. 2. Supercritical carbon dioxide is very effective in removing Gulfcut 11D from the surface of Inconel-glass ceramic components at operating conditions of 35 C and 13.8 Mpa. Residual oil concentrations equivalent to less than or equal to 8.20 mg per component (99.97% removal efficiency) were achieved. 3. At the operating conditions used for cleaning (50"C, 13.8 Mpa), 15 min of contact with supercritical carbon dioxide is sufficient to clean test coupons and Inconel-glass ceramic components. A longer contact time of 30 min did not result in significantly cleaner parts. 4. The solubility of the three machine coolants studied varies as a function of their composition. Although the table of solubility measurements is incomplete, it appears that Gulfcut 11D is more soluble than Cimperial 1011, which is more soluble than Cimperial For the one material measured at both 35 C and 50 C, Cimperial 1011, solubility increased by more than 50% at the lower temperature. DISCUSSION Under the stated experimental conditions this study has demonstrated that high pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide shows potential as a cleaning media for removing hydrocarbon machine coolants from metal substrates. It appears that the machine coolant's solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide was greatly dependent on CO, density. This was apparent when the solubility of one of the machine coolants increased dramatically as the temperature was dropped from 50 C to 35 C with the pressure maintained at 13.8 Mpa. This drop in temperature, while maintaining a constant flow rate, increased the density of CO, from glcc to g/cc and the solubility of Cimperial 1011 from 1.33 wt % to 2.17 wt %. This change in solubility as a function of CO, density under controlled conditions clearly indicates the potential utility of supercritical CO, as a versatile cleaning media for production cleaning operations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EG&G Mound Applied Technologies appreciates the efforts that Supercritical 105
7 Processing Inc. put forth in completing the requested experiments for this study. Charpentier, B. A. and M. R. Sevenants, ACS Symposium Series 366 (1987). Davidson, P., R. D. Gray, Jr., M. E. Paulaitis, and J. M. L. Penninger, Ann Arbor Science Publishers (1983). Johnston, K. P. and J. M. L. Penninger, ACS Symposium Series 406 (1988). Krukonis, V. J., M. A. McHugh, J. M. L. Penninger, and M. Radosz, Volume 3 (1985).
8 Table 1 - LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION The standard for liquid carbon dioxide produced in a Liquid Carbonic plant is as follows. It is not applicable to " as-delivered'' product. Component maxima are in parts per million by v/v) unless otherwise noted. Carbon dioxide, 96 v/v Water Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon monoxide Methane Other volatile hydrocars Sulfur dioxide Hydrogen sulfide Phosphine Carbonyl sulfide Non-volatile residues, w/w Odor United States Pharmacop OO oo None Passes 107
9 Table 2 - CAPILLARY GC CONDITIONS Column - RTX - 1 (non-polar) - 15 m length mm i.d micron film thickness GC Parameters Initial Oven Temperature C Hold Time - 2 min Ramp 1-30"C/min Second Oven Temperature C Hold Time - 5 min Ramp 2-20"C/min Final Oven Temperature C Hold Time - 1 min Injector Temperature C Detector Temperature C Pressure psig GC ran in split injection mode with a vent flow of about 6 ml/min. Sample Preparation: - The sample was rinsed two times with 4 ml of high punty hexane. The two rinses were combined in a sample jar. - The hexane rinse was evaporated to about 1 ml volume and transferred to a to a volume of 500 ml. - A 1 ml sample was injected onto GC column with syringe. 1 ml reaction vial where it was evaporated
10 SOLVENT. PRESSURE - I EXTRACT I I.A I I I SEPARATE FLOW I SOLVENT pressure: TEMPERATURE SEPARATOR: FLOW 7 0 HEATING TAPES 0 AP- 0 ROTAMETER 0 COMPRESSEDGAS 0 PUMP 0 LlOUlD 0 COMPRESSOR 0 TEMPERATURE BATH GLASS VESSEL DRY TEST METER 0 OVEN LOW PRESSURE MASS FLOW METER VESSEL AT- HIGH PRESSURE VESSEL Figure 1 - HAM, HETER 300 ML EXTRACTOR HEATER CIRCULATION PUMP BACK PRESSURE REGULATORS CARBON DIOXIDE FLOW TOTAL I ZER COLLECTION VESSELS FLOW HETER Figure 2
11 iin METHOD CURRENl Standard 0.475ug/ul Cimperial 1011 oil in Eexane U 6 FIGURE 3 Y 4 1 W ug/u Cimperial 1011 Oil in Hexane After Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cleaning of Sample #A s FIGURE 4
12 A ProceedingsKompendium of Papers SOLVENT SUBSTITUTION Based on The First Annual International Workshop on Solvent Substitution December 4-7, 1990 Phoenix, Arizona sponsored by The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Technology Development Environmental Restoration and Waste Management and U.S. Air Force D"*:nA-":n" P. ca...:'.a- fl..-&--
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Diesel Fuel Dilution for In-Service Motor Oil Using ASTM Method D7593
Application Note Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Diesel Fuel Dilution for In-Service Motor Oil Using ASTM Method D7593 Authors Kelly Beard and James McCurry Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract An Agilent
More informationBeverage Grade Carbon Dioxide
Analysis by Gas Chromatography Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results. WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION The Challenge Carbon dioxide, used in the production of carbonated soft drinks and other beverages,
More informationHigh Temperature Simulated Distillation Performance Using the Agilent 8890 Gas Chromatograph
Application Note Petrochemicas High Temperature Simulated Distillation Performance Using the Agilent 8890 Gas Chromatograph Author James D. McCurry, Ph.D. Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract An Agilent
More informationApplication. Gas Chromatography June 1995
Determining Oxygenates in Gasoline: ASTM Method D Application Gas Chromatography June 99 Authors Michael J. Szelewski Agilent Technologies, Inc. 0 Centerville Road Wilmington, DE 90-60 USA Matthew S. Klee
More informationLiquefied Gas Injector. Solution for the Sampling and Analysis of Liquefied Gases
Liquefied Gas Injector Solution for the Sampling and Analysis of Liquefied Gases Safe and Representative Sampling of Liquefied Gases The analysis of impurities and contaminants in liquefied gases is an
More informationDetection of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas According to ASTM D5504 with an Agilent Dual Plasma Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector
Detection of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas According to ASTM D554 with an Agilent Dual Plasma Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector Application Note Author Rebecca Veeneman Abstract Sulfur compounds in natural
More informationAppendix A.1 Calculations of Engine Exhaust Gas Composition...9
Foreword...xi Acknowledgments...xiii Introduction... xv Chapter 1 Engine Emissions...1 1.1 Characteristics of Engine Exhaust Gas...1 1.1.1 Major Components of Engine Exhaust Gas...1 1.1.2 Units Used for
More informationHigh Throughput Mineral Oil Analysis (Hydrocarbon Oil Index) by GC-FID Using the Agilent Low Thermal Mass (LTM) System
High Throughput Mineral Oil Analysis (Hydrocarbon Oil Index) by GC-FID Using the Agilent Low Thermal Mass (LTM) System Application Note Authors Frank David Research Institute for Chromatography, Pres.
More informationSpecifications for Refrigerants
AHRI Standard 700 with Addendum 1 2016 Standard for Specifications for Refrigerants WITH ADDENDUM 1, SPECIFICATIONS FOR REFRIGERANTS September 2016 Addendum 1 (dated September 2016) of AHRI Standard 700-2016,
More informationMethanol distribution in amine systems and its impact on plant performance Abstract: Methanol in gas treating Methanol impact on downstream units
Abstract: Presented at the AIChE Spring 2015 meeting in Austin, TX, USA Methanol distribution in amine systems and its impact on plant performance Anand Govindarajan*, Nathan A. Hatcher, and Ralph H. Weiland
More informationDANI Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer
DANI Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer APPLICATION NOTE - AN169 Introduction Transformers are electrical devices used for energy transfer by electromagnetic induction between two or more circuits. Large oil
More informationTechnical Procedure for Gas Chromatography (GC-FID)
Technical Procedure for Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the operation of the gas chromatograph (GC- FID). 2.0 Scope This procedure applies to all
More informationImpact of GC Parameters on The Separation Part 2: Choice of Column Internal Diameter
Cd The Chrom Doctor Impact of GC Parameters on The Separation Part 2: Choice of Column Internal Diameter Jaap de Zeeuw, Restek Corporation, Middelburg, The Netherlands. In Part 1 of this series we focused
More informationRefinery Gas. Analysis by Gas Chromatography WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION. Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results.
Refinery Gas Analysis by Gas Chromatography Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results. WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION Refinery Gas Analysis Reliability Placing refinery gas analyzers in the field for over
More informationUsing the PSD for Backflushing on the Agilent 8890 GC System
Application Note Petrochemicals Using the PSD for Backflushing on the Agilent 889 GC System Author Brian Fitz Agilent Technologies, Inc. Wilmington, DE, USA. Abstract An Agilent 889 series GC equipped
More informationModel 8610C Gas Chromatograph. GC Chassis Types ECD PID FID / DELCD FPD. Mounts up to Six Detectors and Five Injectors
Model 8610C Gas Chromatograph Mounts up to Six Detectors and Five Injectors Ambient to 400 C Temperature Programmable Column Ovens Dimensions: 19 wide x 13.5 high x 14.5 deep Implement virtually any EPA
More informationAchieving Higher Sensitivities Using GC-FID with the Agilent Multimode Inlet (MMI)
Achieving Higher Sensitivities Using GC-FID with the Agilent Multimode Inlet (MMI) Application Note All Industries Authors Brian Fitz and Bill Wilson Agilent Technologies, Inc. 285 Centerville Road Wilmington,
More informationThe Stability of Sulfur Compounds, Low Molecular Weight Gases, and VOCs in Four Air Sample Bag Materials
The Stability of Sulfur s, Low Molecular Weight Gases, and VOCs in Four Air Sample Bag Materials Linda Coyne Cindy Kuhlman Nicole Zovack SKC Inc. Eighty Four, PA 15330 25 January 2011 Publication 1805
More informationDual Channel Simulated Distillation of Carbon and Sulfur with the Agilent 7890A GC and 355 Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector
Dual Channel Simulated Distillation of Carbon and Sulfur with the Agilent 7890A GC and 355 Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector Application Note Hydrocarbon Processing Authors ChunXiao Wang Agilent Technologies
More informationAgilent 7693A Automated Liquid Sampler
Agilent 7693A Automated Liquid Sampler Specifications Overview The Agilent 7693A is a state-of-the-art sample handling and injection system that provides the highest levels of precision and reliability
More informationMethanol in Biodiesel by EN14110 with the HT3 and Versa Automated Headspace Analyzers. Versa HT3. Application Note. Abstract.
Methanol in Biodiesel by EN14110 with the HT3 and Versa Automated Headspace Analyzers Application Note Abstract Versa With the rising prices of fossil fuels, more emphasis is being put on renewable resources
More informationFast Simulated Distillation Based on Agilent 6890N Gas Chromatograph Application
Fast Simulated Distillation Based on Agilent 6890N Gas Chromatograph Application Petroleum Authors ChunXiao Wang Agilent Technologies (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. 412 YingLun Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai
More informationMethod Development for Capillary GC Systems. Slide 1
Method Development for Capillary GC Systems Slide 1 AREAS TO OPTIMIZE Injector Carrier gas Column temperature Slide 2 COMMON INJECTOR MODES Vaporization Injection Modes Megabore Direct Split Splitless
More informationFree and Total Glycerol in B100 Biodiesel by Gas Chromatography According to Methods EN and ASTM D6584
Free and Total Glycerol in B100 Biodiesel by Gas Chromatography According to Methods EN 14105 and ASTM D6584 Introduction With today s increasing concern for the environment and the depletion of fossil
More informationHydrocracking of atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian oil
Hydrocracking of atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian oil Ts.Tugsuu 1, Sugimoto Yoshikazu 2, B.Enkhsaruul 1, D.Monkhoobor 1 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM, PO Box-46/574, Ulaanbaatar
More informationCharacterization of Tiki Torch Fuels
1940 N. Stark Road Midland, MI 48642 USA Phone: 855-IA-SOLVE (855-427-6583) Fax: (989) 486-9429 www.impactanalytical.com Customer: Philip Tyson Report Number*: R140075 Company: The Coconut Group Date Submitted:
More informationApplication Note. Authors. Abstract. Energy & Chemicals
Determination of Aromatic Content in Diesel Fuel According to ASTM D5186 Enhancing the Agilent 126 Infi nity Analytical SFC System with a Flame Ionization Detector Application Note Energy & Chemicals Authors
More informationUsing a New Gas Phase Micro-Fluidic Deans Switch for the 2-D GC Analysis of Trace Methanol in Crude Oil by ASTM Method D7059 Application
Using a New Gas Phase Micro-Fluidic Deans Switch for the 2-D GC Analysis of Trace Methanol in Crude Oil by ASTM Method D759 Application Petrochemical Author James D. McCurry Agilent Technologies 285 Centerville
More informationSoftening point by Ring & Ball. Density and relative density of liquids by Hubbart pycnometer
Softening point by Ring & Ball Density and relative density of liquids by Hubbart pycnometer Distillation of petroleum Melting point of petroleum wax Precipitation number of lubricating oils Saponification
More informationPerforming ASTM 6584 free and total glycerin in BioDiesel using an SRI Gas Chromatograph and PeakSimple software
Install a capillary column in the oven of the SRI GC. The ASTM method suggests a 12 meter.32mm id narrow-bore column coupled with a 2.5 meter guard column but permits the use of any column which exhibits
More informationThe Analysis of Hydrocarbon Composition in LPG by Gas Chromatography using the DVLS Liquefied Gas Injector
Authors: The Analysis of Hydrocarbon Composition in LPG by Gas Chromatography using the DVLS Liquefied Gas Injector Introduction Specification of the hydrocarbon composition of LPG is required as traces
More informationPERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE BY INJECTING DIETHYL ETHER WITH AND WITHOUT EGR USING DPF
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE BY INJECTING DIETHYL ETHER WITH AND WITHOUT EGR USING DPF PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S1036 COLLEGE BRANCH GUIDES : KS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE
More informationMethod Detection Limits for EPA Method 8015 Diesel Range Organics using Fully Automated Extraction and Concentration
Method Detection Limits for EPA Method 8015 Diesel Range Organics using Fully Automated Extraction and Concentration Michael Ebitson, David Gallagher, Horizon Technology, Inc. Key Words EPA Method 8015,
More informationAlternative Carrier Gases for ASTM D7213 Simulated Distillation Analysis
Introduction Petroleum & Petrochemical Alternative Carrier Gases for ASTM D7213 Simulated Distillation Analysis By Katarina Oden, Barry Burger, and Amanda Rigdon Crude oil consists of thousands of different
More informationApplication Note. Abstract. Authors. Environmental Analysis
High Throughput Mineral Oil Analysis (Hydrocarbon Oil Index) by GC-FID using the Agilent Low Thermal Mass (LTM II) System Application Note Environmental Analysis Authors Frank David and Karine Jacq Research
More informationOptimized Method for Analysis of Commercial and Prepared Biodiesel using UltraPerformance Convergence Chromatography (UPC 2 )
Optimized Method for Analysis of Commercial and Prepared Biodiesel using UltraPerformance Convergence Chromatography (UPC 2 ) Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani, 1 Giorgis Isaac, 2 and Larry T. Taylor 1 1 Department
More informationLarge Volume Injection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
JSB is an authorised partner of Large Volume Injection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Application Note - Environmental #113 Author Anne Jurek Applications Chemist EST Analytical Cincinnati, OH Abstract
More informationDCI-11 Corrosion Inhibitor for Gasoline-Alcohol fuels
PLMR 2000-08 DCI-11 DCI-11 Corrosion Inhibitor for Gasoline-Alcohol fuels PLMR 2000-08 1. Product Description 2. Typical Properties 3. Treat Rate 4. Background 5. DCI-11 Prevents Strong Acids from Attacking
More informationDetection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Gasoline and Diesel Using the znose Edward J. Staples, Electronic Sensor Technology
Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Gasoline and Diesel Using the znose Edward J. Staples, Electronic Sensor Technology Electronic Noses An electronic nose produces a recognizable response based
More informationPhase Distribution of Ethanol, and Water in Ethyl Esters at K and K
Phase Distribution of Ethanol, and Water in Ethyl Esters at 298.15 K and 333.15 K Luis A. Follegatti Romero, F. R. M. Batista, M. Lanza, E.A.C. Batista, and Antonio J.A. Meirelles a ExTrAE Laboratory of
More informationSetting up SilFlow for BackFlush in your GC
Setting up SilFlow for BackFlush in your GC What is backflush and why use it? The BackFlush system eliminates the need to bake heavy sample fractions off the capillary column. Oils, tars and other semivolatile
More informationGENERAL CATALOG L.TEX CORPORATON
GENERAL CATALOG L.TEX CORPORATON 1/8 동방하이테크상사 http://www.allpump.co.kr T.(02)457-6292 F.(02)457-6293 13-12-01 L. Tex Corporation was established in March 2001 to design, develop and manufacture the versatile
More informationModule 3: Influence of Engine Design and Operating Parameters on Emissions Lecture 14:Effect of SI Engine Design and Operating Variables on Emissions
Module 3: Influence of Engine Design and Operating Parameters on Emissions Effect of SI Engine Design and Operating Variables on Emissions The Lecture Contains: SI Engine Variables and Emissions Compression
More informationAchieving Lower Detection Limits Easily with the Agilent Multimode Inlet (MMI)
Achieving Lower Detection Limits Easily with the Agilent Multimode Inlet (MMI) Application Note All Industries Authors Bill Wilson and Chin-Kai Meng Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2850 Centerville Road Wilmington,
More informationImpurity Testing of Fixed-Dose Combination Drugs Using the Agilent 1290 Infinity II HDR-DAD Impurity Analyzer Solution
Impurity Testing of Fixed-Dose Combination Drugs Using the Agilent 129 Infinity II HDR-DAD Impurity Analyzer Solution Application ote Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals Author Sonja Schneider Agilent Technologies,
More informationAgilent Multimode Inlet
Agilent Multimode Inlet Large Volume Injection Tutorial Agilent Technologies Notices Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2009 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic
More informationExperience the Difference
ABB-Totalflow Experience the Difference PGC1000 Process Gas Chromatograph ABB Group October 19, 2011 Slide 1 Process GC Experience ABB introduced the Btu-8000 in 1995 C6+ application suitable for custody
More informationASTM D2887 Simulated Distillation Calibration Mixture Analysis Using a Differential Acceleration Column
ASTM D2887 Simulated Distillation Calibration Mixture Analysis Using a Differential Acceleration Column Cory S. Fix, Director of Application Development cory.fix@vgcchromatography.com Willie Steinecker,
More informationAgilent 7693A Automated Liquid Sampler
IET International Equipment Trading Ltd. www.ietltd.com Proudly serving laboratories worldwide since 1979 CALL +847.913.0777 for Refurbished & Certified Lab Equipment Agilent 7693A Automated Liquid Sampler
More informationAgilent Multimode Inlet for Gas Chromatography
Agilent Multimode Inlet for Gas Chromatography Technical Note Agilent Multimode Inlet for the 7890A GC Designed to give you ease of use and maximum flexibility, the Agilent Multimode Inlet does everything
More informationAnalysis of Petroleum Fractions by ASTM D2887
Analysis of Petroleum Fractions by ASTM D2887 Peter Morgan, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Runcorn, Cheshire, UK Application Note 2582 Key Words Simulated distillation, D2887, TRACE TR-SimDist Abstract ASTM
More informationPractical Steps in GC Troubleshooting
Practical Steps in GC Troubleshooting Techniques, Tips, and Tricks Mark Sinnott Application Engineer GC Columns & Supplies Page 1 Everything was just fine and then this happened! How do I go about TROUBLESHOOTING?
More informationPage 1. Alternate Carrier Gas Considerations and Faster GC Analysis
Page 1 Alternate Carrier Gas Considerations and Faster GC Analysis Faster GC Total Analytical Cycle Times A Variety of Approaches Pre-Run ALS Set-Up Chromatographic Run Post-Run Bake-Out Post-Run Cool-Down
More informationSELERITY TECHNOLOGIES SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR SUPERCRITICAL FLUID NEEDS
Rev 1 3/6/2004 Selerity Technologies Inc. www.selerity.com SELERITY TECHNOLOGIES SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR SUPERCRITICAL FLUID NEEDS What is supercritical fluid chromatography? A chromatographic technique in
More informationPhillips 66 Pipeline LLC. Blue Pipeline Natural Gas Liquids Specifications
Current Publication Date: 5//208 Previous Publication Date: //208 Revision Notes: Increased Propane RVP maximum from 204 psig to 208 psig. Published 4/0/208 Product Index Product Name Destination(s) NGL
More informationModule 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 3: Introduction to Pollutant Formation POLLUTANT FORMATION
Module 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions POLLUTANT FORMATION The Lecture Contains: Engine Emissions Typical Exhaust Emission Concentrations Emission Formation in SI Engines Emission
More informationGAS CHROMATOGRAPHY: INJECTION TECHNIQUES CAPILLARY COLUMNS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY: INJECTION TECHNIQUES CAPILLARY COLUMNS FLASH VAPORISATION INJECTION Split Splitless On-Column COOL INJECTION Large Volume Injection (LVI) On-Column On-Column-SVE (with solvent vapour
More informationPresented by. Navistar Education 2015
Presented by Navistar Education 2015 1.2 Overview This course is intended to provide parts specialists with a description of Diesel Exhaust Fluid, or DEF, part number configuration, ordering and distribution
More informationWhite Paper.
The Advantage of Real Atmospheric Distillation Complying with the ASTM D7345 Test Method in the Distillation Process Introduction / Background In the past, refiners enjoyed a constant supply of the same
More informationTechnical Procedure for the Examination of Arson Evidence
Technical Procedure for the Examination of Arson Evidence 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the examination of arson (fire debris) evidence. 2.0 Scope This procedure applies to
More informationGC Analysis of Total Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and Methyl Linolenate in Biodiesel Using the Revised EN14103:2011 Method
GC Analysis of Total Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and Methyl Linolenate in Biodiesel Using the Revised EN1413:211 Method Application Note Author James D. McCurry, Ph.D. Agilent Technologies Abstract
More informationLive Crude Oil Volatility
Live Crude Oil Volatility Dan Wispinski : Alberta Innovates Technology Futures Bob Falkiner : Imperial Oil Engineering Services October 16/15 PerkinElmer Corpus Christi Any and all implied or statutory
More informationPursuing high precision, speed, and ease of use
Carbon/Sulfur Analyzers for Solid Materials EMIA series Pursuing high precision, speed, and ease of use Carbon / Sulfur Analyzer High-frequency induction furnace type EMIA-920V2/320V2 Series New EMIA-V2/FA
More informationHigh-Temperature Simulated Distillation System Based on the 6890N GC Application
High-Temperature Simulated Distillation System Based on the 6890N GC Application Petroleum Authors ChunXiao Wang Agilent Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. 412 YingLun Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai
More informationDetermination of fuel system icing inhibitor content of aviation turbine kerosine by HPLC
Determination of fuel system icing inhibitor content of aviation turbine kerosine by HPLC Application Note Energy and Fuels Authors Detlef Wilhelm Anatox GmbH & Co. KG Fürstenwalde, Germany Udo Huber Agilent
More informationAppNote 6/2006. Ultra-Fast Determination of the Hydrocarbon Oil Index by Gas Chromatography using a Modular Accelerated Column Heater (MACH) KEYWORDS
AppNote 6/26 Ultra-Fast Determination of the Hydrocarbon Oil Index by Gas Chromatography using a Modular Accelerated Column Heater (MACH) Andreas Hoffmann GERSTEL GmbH & Co.KG, Eberhard-Gerstel-Platz 1,
More information4001 Transesterification of castor oil to ricinoleic acid methyl ester
4001 Transesterification of castor oil to ricinoleic acid methyl ester castor oil + MeH Na-methylate H Me CH 4 (32.0) C 19 H 36 3 (312.5) Classification Reaction types and substance classes reaction of
More informationDucting & Ventilation Components
Ducting & Ventilation Components 111 Powell Road Independence, MO 64056 visit www.hemcocorp.com Phone: 816-796-2900 Fax : 816-796-3333 E-Mail : info@hemcocorp.com Exhaust Blowers are constructed of chemical
More informationTechnical Procedure for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Technical Procedure for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the operation of the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). 2.0 Scope
More informationSulfur Detection at ppb Levels in Light Hydrocarbon Streams
Sulfur Detection at ppb Levels in Light Hydrocarbon Streams Based on a New Super Permeable PLOT Column Agilent Select Low Sulfur Johan Kuipers Channel Training Specialist Oct 12 th, 2010 1 October 18,
More informationMineral Turpentine Adulterant in Lubricating Oil
DOI:10.7598/cst2015.1095 Chemical Science Transactions ISSN:2278-3458 2015, 4(4), 975-980 RESEARCH ARTICLE Mineral Turpentine Adulterant in Lubricating Oil RAGHUNATH TOCHE 1, SHOBHA BORADE 2, MADHUKAR
More informationIncreased sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of trace fatty acid methyl esters in jet fuel
Application Note Energy and Chemicals Increased sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of trace fatty acid methyl esters in jet fuel Applying the Energy Institute Method IP 8 with an Agilent J&W
More informationLive Crude Oil Volatility
Live Crude Oil Volatility Dan Wispinski : Alberta Innovates Technology Futures Bob Falkiner : Imperial Oil Engineering Services CCQTA/COQA October 31, 2014 Food-Agriculture Environment Health Pipeline
More informationSCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005
SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005 SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE Office of Automotive Engineering Fuels and Lubricants Research Division 6220 Culebra Road, P.O. Drawer 28510 San Antonio, TX 78228-0510
More informationUltra Clean Gas Filters Reference Guide ULTRA CLEAN GAS FILTERS
ULTRA CLEAN GAS FILTERS ULTRA CLEAN GAS FILTERS Table of Contents Ultra Clean Gas Filter s for GC and GC/MS...3 Triple Filter for MS/ECD/NPD... 3 Complete Triple Filter Bundle for FID...3 Complete Triple
More informationWhite Paper. Improving Accuracy and Precision in Crude Oil Boiling Point Distribution Analysis. Introduction. Background Information
Improving Accuracy and Precision in Crude Oil Boiling Point Distribution Analysis. Abstract High Temperature Simulated Distillation (High Temp SIMDIS) is one of the most frequently used techniques to determine
More informationMET-Biodiesel Capillary GC Columns
MET-Biodiesel Capillary GC Columns Product Specifications Product Features & Benefits Chromatograms FAQs Related Products Updated: February 2, 2009 Product Specifications 2 Product Specifications What
More information[ APPLICATION NOTE ] INTRODUCTION APPLICATION BENEFITS WATERS SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS
MS Identification of Trace level Impurities from a Non-MS Compatible Mobile Phase Using ACQUITY UPLC System with 2D Technology by Heart-cutting and Online Sample Concentration Bronsky Gopinadh, Dilshad
More informationFEATURE ARTICLE. Advanced Function Analyzers: Real-time Measurement of Particulate Matter Using Flame Ionization Detectors. Hirokazu Fukushima
FEATURE ARTICLE FEATURE ARTICLE Advanced Function Analyzers: Real-time Measurement of Particulate Matter Using Flame Ionization Detectors Advanced Function Analyzers: Real-time Measurement of Particulate
More informationDr. Jim Henry, P.E. Professor of Engineering University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga, TN Dr.
Aubrey Gunter Green Team - Distillation College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga, TN 37421 To: Dr. Jim Henry, P.E. Professor of
More informationModule 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 9:Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd.
Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd. The Lecture Contains: HC from Lubricating Oil Film Combustion Chamber Deposits HC Mixture Quality and In-Cylinder Liquid Fuel HC from Misfired Combustion
More informationState of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Internal Combustion Engines
State of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Internal Combustion Engines July 1997 State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Air Quality Permitting Program State of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Internal
More informationEvaluation of phase separator number in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Evaluation of phase separator number in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit To cite this article: A D Jayanti and A Indarto 2016 IOP
More informationIndustrial, Commercial and Institutional Boilers at Area Source Facilities (Boiler GACT) Final Reconsidered Rule Requirements Summary
Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Boilers at Area Facilities (Boiler GACT) Final Reconsidered Rule Requirements Summary Federal Regulation NESHAP, 40 CFR 63, Subpart JJJJJJ Proposed rule published
More informationTroubleshooting Tips & Tricks for your GC Analyzer & CFT Application
Troubleshooting Tips & Tricks for your GC Analyzer & CFT Application 7890A/7890B GC Overview October 29, 2014 1 Definitions Carrier Gas Pressurized gas used to transport the sample through the system.
More informationC2, C3, C4 Monomer Analysis
C2, C3, C4 Monomer Analysis Malgorzata Sierocinska Agilent Technologies Waldbronn Page 1 Why Analyze Monomers? To Insure Consistent Production of High Quality Polymer Protect against food contamination
More informationStudy of viscosity - temperature characteristics of rapeseed oil biodiesel and its blends
Study of viscosity - temperature characteristics of rapeseed oil biodiesel and its blends Li Kong 1, Xiu Chen 1, a, Xiaoling Chen 1, Lei Zhong 1, Yongbin Lai 2 and Guang Wu 2 1 School of Chemical Engineering,
More informationFractional Distillation Lab Simulating The Refining of Petroleum 12/12 Integrated Science 3 Redwood High School Name : Per:
Simulating The Refining of Petroleum 12/12 Integrated Science 3 Redwood High School Name : Per: Introduction Petroleum, or crude oil, is a complex mixture of substances. It is believed that crude oil is
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB17930-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 75.160.20 E 31 GB 17930-2016 Replacing
More informationCONSTITUTION OF COAL TAR PITCH AND ITS EFFECT ON PROPERTIES
CONSTITUTION OF COAL TAR PITCH AND ITS EFFECT ON PROPERTIES H. K. Mayer 1 and I. C. Lewis 2 1 GrafTech International Ltd., 12900 Snow Road, Parma, OH 44130 2 Consultant Introduction Corresponding author
More informationDETECTORS Photo Ionization Detector - PID. Overview
Overview DETECTORS The Photo Ionization Detector (PID) responds to all molecules whose ionization potential is below 10.6eV, including aromatics and molecules with carbon double bonds. The PID is nondestructive,
More informationExcessive Waste. Some of the grease is used to supplement feed farms but majority of it ends up in landfills
Excessive Waste According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), hotels and restaurants in the U.S. generate at least 3 billion gallons of waste vegetable oil annually * Note: this figure excludes
More informationResults Certified by Core Labs for Conoco Canada Ltd. Executive summary. Introduction
THE REPORT BELOW WAS GENERATED WITH FEEDSTOCK AND PRODUCT SAMPLES TAKEN BY CONOCO CANADA LTD, WHO USED CORE LABORATORIES, ONE OF THE LARGEST SERVICE PROVIDERS OF CORE AND FLUID ANALYSIS IN THE PETROLEUM
More informationOxidation Technologies for Stationary Rich and Lean Burn Engines
Oxidation Technologies for Stationary Rich and Lean Burn Engines ICAC MARAMA Advances in Air Pollution Control Technologies May 18-19, 2011 Baltimore, MD 1 Overview Oxidation catalyst technologies Oxidation
More informationUsage Issues and Fischer-Tropsch Commercialization
Usage Issues and Fischer-Tropsch Commercialization Presentation at the CCTR Advisory Panel Meeting Terre Haute, Indiana June 1, 2006 Diesel Engine Research John Abraham (ME), Jim Caruthers (CHE) Gas Turbine
More information3.1 Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO): as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions).
RULE 4352 SOLID FUEL FIRED BOILERS, STEAM GENERATORS AND PROCESS HEATERS (Adopted September 14, 1994; Amended October 19, 1995; Amended May 18, 2006; Amended December 15, 2011) 1.0 Purpose The purpose
More informationAgilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench Automated Sample Preparation for the GC Analysis of Biodiesel Using Method EN14105:2011
Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench Automated Sample Preparation for the GC Analysis of Biodiesel Using Method EN14105:2011 Application Note Fuels Author James D. McCurry, Ph.D. Agilent Technologies, Inc.
More informationperformance productivity reliability
Solutions that meet your demands for: performance productivity reliability Excellent Choices for Global Hydrocarbon Processing Applications Crude Oil & Natural Gas Natural Gas > Return to Table of Contents
More informationApplication Note Original Instructions Development of Gas Fuel Control Systems for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Aero-Derivative Gas Turbines
Application Note 83404 Original Instructions Development of Gas Fuel Control Systems for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Aero-Derivative Gas Turbines Woodward reserves the right to update any portion of this publication
More informationTechnical Procedure for Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS)
Technical Procedure for Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the operation of the pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer
More information