Special Report. IHS Chemical. Global Solvents: Opportunities for Greener Solvents. by Eric Linak and Sebastian N. Bizzari. ihs.

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1 IHS Chemical Special Report Global Solvents: Opportunities for Greener Solvents by Eric Linak and Sebastian N. Bizzari August 2013 ihs.com/chemical

2 The information provided in this publication has been obtained from a variety of sources, which IHS Chemical believes to be reliable. IHS Chemical makes no warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information in this publication. Consequently, IHS Chemical will not be liable for any technical inaccuracies, typographical errors or omissions contained in this publication. This publication is provided without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. IN NO EVENT WILL IHS CHEMICAL BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR THE LIKE) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS PUBLICATION, EVEN IF IT WAS NOTIFIED ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN SUCH STATES IHS CHEMICAL S LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY SUCH LAW. Certain statements in this publication are projections or other forward-looking statements. Any such statements contained herein are based upon IHS Chemical s current knowledge and assumptions about future events, including, without limitation, anticipated levels of global demand and supply, expected costs, trade patterns, and general economic, political, and marketing conditions. Although IHS Chemical believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot, and does not, guarantee, without limitation, future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Readers should verify through independent thirdparty sources any estimates, projections or other forward-looking statements or data contained herein before reaching any conclusions or making any investment decisions. IHS Chemical is not responsible for the Reader s use of any information in this publication. The absence of a specific trademark designation within this publication does not mean that proprietary rights may not exist in a particular name. No listing, description or designation in this publication is to be construed as affecting the scope, validity, or ownership of any trademark rights that may exist therein. IHS Chemical makes no warranties as to the accuracy of any such listing, description or designation, nor to the validity or ownership of any trademark. August IHS

3 Table of Contents Summary... 9 Summary of world consumption Introduction What is a green solvent? Types of green solvents Selecting green solvents Industry structure Size of the solvents industry Major producers of solvents ExxonMobil Shell Dow Chemical Eastman Chemical BASF INEOS OXEA Celanese Total Distributors Environmental regulations U.S. legislation Clean Air Act Title I VOC regulations Title III Hazardous Air Pollutants Other U.S. legislation European legislation IPPC directive VOC solvents emissions directive National emission ceilings directive Third daughter directive on ozone Dangerous preparations directive Paint directive Clean air for Europe program Atmospheric explosive directive REACH legislation United Nations Economic Community for Europe (UNECE) Japanese legislation Chinese legislation Markets Paints and coatings Overview Environmental legislation August IHS

4 North America Europe Japan China Lower-solvent-containing technologies Paints and coatings markets Solvent consumption Solvent consumption by binder technology Alkyds Epoxy Urethanes Acrylics Vinyls Polyesters Cellulosics Amino resins Outlook for solvent consumption in coatings Pharmaceuticals Adhesives and sealants Overview Adhesives and sealants markets North America Japan China Inks Overview Solvent consumption Lithographic and letterpress printing Flexographic and rotogravure printing Screen printing Inkjet printing Personal care Household products/car care Regulations Chemical manufacturing Extraction Separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons Lubricating oil extraction Caprolactam extraction Acetic acid Butadiene Acetylene Bitumen recovery from oil sands Advanced carbon capture Soil remediation Biotechnology separation processes Oilseed processing Bio-based C Ore refining Amino acids August IHS

5 Nuclear fuel processing Processing solvents Polycarbonate Propylene oxide via HPPO Epoxy resins Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene sulfide Fibers Linear alpha-olefins Elastomers Linear polyethylene Aldehydes Fluoropolymers Bioethanol Metal cleaning Overview Metal cleaning markets Cold cleaning Vapor degreasing Alternative nonsolvent processes for metal cleaning Agriculture Overview Environmental legislation Alternative solvents for agricultural use Food processing Extraction Hydrocarbons Halogenated solvents Water Acetone Alcohols Supercriticial solvents Refining Dry cleaning Overview Environmental legislation Solvent consumption Alternative solvents for dry cleaning Hydrocarbon solvent cleaning Glycol ethers Silicone fluids Hydrofluorocarbons n-propyl bromide Carbon dioxide cleaning Professional wet cleaning Green jet Polymer bead Comparison of dry cleaning methods Market situation for dry cleaning solvents Miscellaneous markets August IHS

6 Electronics Precision cleaning Aerosol solvent cleaning Paint removers Methylene chloride based paint strippers Acetone-, toluene- and methanol-based strippers N-Methylpyrrolidone- (NMP-) based strippers Dibasic ester (DBE-) based strippers Benzyl alcohol based strippers Ethyl lactate Nonsolvent-based strippers Solvents Oxygenates Alcohols Description Methanol Ethanol Isopropanol n-propanol n-butanol Isobutanol Benzyl alcohol Other alcohols Ketones Description Acetone Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) Other ketones Glycols, glycol ethers and their acetates Description Glycols Glycol ethers and acetates Esters Description Acetates Ethyl acetate n-butyl acetate Methyl acetate n-propyl acetate Isopropyl acetate Isobutyl acetate tert-butyl acetate Amyl acetate Ethylhexyl acetate Propionates n-propyl propionate n-butyl propionate Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate August IHS

7 n-pentyl propionate Butyrates Isobutyl isobutyrate ,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate Carbonates Dimethyl carbonate Propylene carbonate Dibasic esters Esters from renewable sources Methyl soyate Ethyl lactate Methyl lactate and other lactates Propylene glycol monoesters Dimethylsuccinate (DMS) Ethers Description Tetrahydrofuran Acetals Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyltetrahydrofuran Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) Glycol diethers (glymes) ,4-Dioxane Hydrocarbons Aliphatic hydrocarbons Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents Toluene Xylene Other aromatic solvents Cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons Terpenes Turpentine Dipentene Pine oil Halogenated solvents Chlorinated solvents Perchloroethylene Trichloroethylene Methylene chloride Methyl chloroform trans-1,2-dichloroethylene Fluorinated solvents Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) Chlorofluorocarbon Hydrochlorinated fluorocarbons (HCFCs) Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Hydrochlorofluorocarbon 141b Hydrochlorofluorocarbon 225ca/cb Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Hydrofluorocarbon 245fa August IHS

8 Hydrofluorocarbon 365mfc Hydrofluorocarbon 4310mee Hydrofluoroethers Hydrofluoroether olefins Other halogenated solvents Perfluorocarbons and perfluoropolyethers n-propyl bromide p-chlorobenzotrifluoride Other Other solvents N,N-Dimethylformamide N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Acetonitrile Cresylic acid Dimethylacetamide Miscellaneous solvents Methylamine and dimethylamine Nitroparaffins Methylsiloxanes Furfuryl alcohol Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Dimethyl sulfoxide Tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide Polyethylene glycol Carbon dioxide Ionic liquids August IHS